{"id":26530,"date":"2023-02-10T08:45:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T03:45:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26530"},"modified":"2023-02-08T13:46:13","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T08:46:13","slug":"zahiriddin-muhammad-bobur-shariatpanoh-hukmdor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26530&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR"},"content":{"rendered":"

XV asrning oxiri va XVI asr o\u02bbzbek mumtoz adabiyotining yirik vakili \u2013 buyuk shoir, tarixchi, geograf, davlat arbobi, iste\u02bcdodli sarkarda, boburiylar sulolasi asoschisi, temuriy shahzoda Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur 1483 yil 14 fevral kuni Andijonda Farg\u02bbona viloyati hokimi Umarshayx oilasida dunyoga keldi. Umarshayx Movarounnahr hokimi Abusaid Mirzoning o\u02bbg\u02bbli bo\u02bblib, 1455 yilda Samarqandda tug\u02bbilgan, 1494 yili Axsida hayotdan ko\u02bbz yumgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur juda qobiliyatli bo\u02bblib, bolaligidan o\u02bbqituvchi va murabbiylarning har bir o\u02bbgitini tezda ilg\u02bbab olardi. Asosiy ustozi Xoja Mavlono Qozi bo\u02bblgan. Bobur ayniqsa tarix, ilmi harb, musiqa va adabiyotga qattiq qiziqardi. O\u02bbqishdan bo\u02bbsh vaqtlarida harbiy mashqlar va ov qilish sirlarini o\u02bbzlashtirish bilan astoydil shug\u02bbullanar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Boburning xalqchil bo\u02bblish, navkarlar bilan hamnafas bo\u02bblish, barcha qiyinchiligu xursandliklarni baham ko\u02bbrish kabi xislatlari bobokalonini eslatardi. Mirzo Boburning to\u02bbrt o\u02bbg\u02bbli va uch qizi bo\u02bblib, ularining uchtasi \u2013 Muhammad Humoyun, Komron Mirzo va Gulbadanbegim shoirlik va adiblikni otasidan meros olgan[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur o\u02bbzining sermazmun va barakali ijodi bilan jahon adabiyoti va madaniyati xazinasiga ulkan hissa ko\u02bbshgan buyuk siymolardan biridir. Ma\u02bclumki, Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari tarixida temuriylar davri madaniyati alohida ajralib turadi. O\u02bbsha kezlari ilm-fan va madaniyatning turli jabhalari yuksak pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtarildi. Aynan shu davrda Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek, Ali Qushchi, Qozizoda Rumiy kabi haqikiy ilm daholari, Sharafuddin Ali Yazdiy, Mirxond, Xondamir, Davlatshoh Samarqandiy singari shuhrati jahonga taralgan olimlar, Abdurahmon Jomiy, Lutfiy, Sakkokiy, Atoiy, Alisher Navoiydek ulug\u02bb shoirlar yetishib, samarali ijod qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Boburning sertashvish hayoti va jo\u02bbshqin faoliyati siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy jihatdan inqirozga uchrab, tanazzulga yuz tutayotgan temuriylar saltanatining so\u02bbnggi davriga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Otasining vafotidan keyin 12 yashar Bobur Farg\u02bbona hokimiyatini boshqara boshlaydi. Bu vaqtda temuriylar saltanatining anchagina qismi Shayboniyxon tasarrufiga o\u02bbtgan edi. Bobur Movarounnahr feodal hokimlarining o\u02bbzaro kurashlari natijasida parchalanib ketgan davlatni qaytadan tiklash vazifasini o\u02bbz oldiga eng muhim siyosiy maqsadlardan biri qilib qo\u02bbyadi. 1495-1496 yillarda Bobur Samarqandni ishg\u02bbol qiladi. Shu asnoda ukasi Jahongir Mirzo va tog\u02bbasi Ali Do\u02bbst fitna uyushtirib, Andijonni o\u02bbz qo\u02bbliga oladi. Bobur Samarqandni tark etib, Andijon tomon yurishga majbur bo\u02bbladi va ikki yillik sarson-sargardonliklardan so\u02bbnggina ota yurtini qaytarib olishga muvaffaq bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur yana Samarqandga yurish qiladi, lekin 1499-1500 yillari shayboniylar bilan janglarda mag\u02bblubiyatga uchrab, Toshkentga chekinishga majbur bo\u02bbladi. 1501-1502 yillarda goh Jizzax, goh O\u02bbratepa, goh Toshkent, goh Xo\u02bbjand atroflarida sargardon bo\u02bbladi. 1502-1503 yillarda O\u02bbsh va uning atroflarini egallab oladi, ammo Ahmad Tanbaldan yengiladi. Tog\u02bbasi Sulton Mahmudxon Toshkentdan kelib, Andijonni egallaydi. Shunda u Sulton Mahmudxon huzurida to\u02bbrt oy yashaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1503-1504 yillarda Shayboniyxon Andijonni bosib olgach, Bobur Hirotga borib, biroz kuch to\u02bbplaydi, Kobulga yurish qiladi va uni egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1507 yili Shayboniyxon Hirotni ham bosib olgach, Kobulda o\u02bbzini podshoh deb e\u02bclon qiladi. Boburga o\u02bbz yurtiga qaytib, uni Shayboniyxon qo\u02bblidan qaytarib olish uchun katta kuch kerak edi. Bunga esa kichik-kichik hukmdorliklarga bo\u02bblinib, o\u02bbzaro qirg\u02bbin-barot urushlar olib borayotgan Hindistonni bosib olib, uni yagona hokimiyat ostida birlashtirish orqali erishish mumkinligini his qiladi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa Bobur 1519 yildan Hindistonni zabt etishga kirishadi. Nihoyat, 1526 yilning bahorida podshoh Sulton Ibrohim Lo\u02bbdiy ustidan g\u02bbalaba qozonib, Hindistonda boburiylar sulolasiga asos soladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur o\u02bbz xalqi, ona Vatanning shonu-shuhrati, kelajak avlod, jumladan, o\u02bbz farzandlarining munosib avlod bo\u02bblib yetishishi uchun jon fido qilib, uzoq safarlarda, begona yurtlarda bo\u02bblganida o\u02bbz yurtiyu va elini hech unutmaydi. Uning o\u02bbz ta\u02bcbiri bilan aytganda, kelajak avlod sog\u02bblom va jasoratli bo\u02bblishi lozim edi. Katta o\u02bbg\u02bbli Xumoyunning sog\u02bbayishi uchun o\u02bbz jonini berishga tayyor bo\u02bbladi. Tabiblarning davolash harakatlari foyda bermay, o\u02bbg\u02bblining dardi og\u02bbirlashavergach, shunday yo\u02bbl tutishni afzal ko\u02bbradi. Allohga sidqidildan murojaat etib, Humoyunning o\u02bbrniga mening jonimni ol, o\u02bbg\u02bblim hali yosh, u yashashi kerak, deydi. Shunda o\u02bbg\u02bbli sog\u02bbayib ketadi va o\u02bbzining ahvoli og\u02bbirlasha borib, ikki oy yotib qoladi[3]<\/a>\u00a0va 1530 yilning 26 dekabrida vafot etadi. Bobur dastlab Jamna daryosining chap sohilidagi Nurafshon bog\u02bbining markaziy qismiga dafn etiladi. 1533 yilda vasiyatiga binoan, xoki Kobulga, \u201cBog\u02bbi Bobur\u201dga ko\u02bbchiriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Boburning asosiy maqsadlaridan biri yagona markazlashgan davlat barpo etish, mamlakatni obod qilib, ezgu niyatlarni ro\u02bbyobga chiqarishdan iborat edi. Bu Hindistonda amalga oshdi. Uch asrdan ziyod vaqt davomida barqaror bo\u02bblgan va Hindiston tarixida muhim rol o\u02bbynagan markazlashgan davlatning vujudga kelishi, albatta, Bobur nomi bilan chambarchas bog\u02bbliqdir. O\u02bbz vaqtida Javoharla\u02bcl Neru Bobur shaxsiyati haqida bunday iliq so\u02bbzlarni aytgan: \u201cBobur eng donishmand va dilbar shaxslardan biri edi. Unda mazhabiy taassubdan, qoloqlik va qisqa fikrlilikdan asar ham yo\u02bbq edi. U boshqa hokimlar kabi vayron qilish, xarob etish yo\u02bblidan bormadi. Bobur san\u02bcat va adabiyotni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlagan kishilardandir\u201d[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk hind davlat arbobining bunday haroratli so\u02bbzlari Hindistondagi Bobur va uning avlodlari faoliyatiga berilgan haqqoniy baho bo\u02bblish bilan birga, boburiylarning mamlakat tarixida tutgan o\u02bbrni va rolini ham xolisona belgilab beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur vafotidan so\u02bbng Hindistonni uning to\u02bbng\u02bbich o\u02bbg\u02bbli Humoyun Mirzo (1531-1556), so\u02bbng uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Akbarshoh (1556-1605). boshqaradi. Uning hukmronligi davrida Hindiston iqtisodiy va madaniy jihatdan eng yuksak darajada rivojlangan mamlakatga aylanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Akbarshohdan keyin mamlakatni Jahongir Mirzo (1605-1687), keyin uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Shoh Jahon (1628-1658) idora etib, ota-bobolarining ishlarini davom ettiradi. Bu davr Hindistonda ilm-fan va madaniyat yuksalishi, o\u02bblmas arxitektura obidalari bunyod etilishi bilan xarakterlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adabiyot va tarix, musiqa va san\u02bcatdan yaxshi xabardor bo\u02bblgan, diniy ta\u02bclimotga chin ixlos qo\u02bbygan Bobur imkon topildi deguncha olimu fozillar davrasida bo\u02bblar, ijod ahliga, noyob kasb-hunar sohiblariga samimiy ehtirom ko\u02bbrsatib, homiylik qilar, moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy rag\u02bbbatlantirib turardi. Chunki o\u02bbzi Bobur tabiatan ijodkor edi. Yigitlik yillaridan umrining oxirigacha samarali ijod bilan shug\u02bbullandi, hech bir og\u02bbir sharoit va vaziyatda ham ijoddan to\u02bbxtamadi, natijada har jihatdan muhim boy ilmiy va adabiy meros qoldirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur 18-19 yoshlarida ruboiy va g\u02bbazallar yoza boshlagan. \u201cTopmadim\u201d radifli g\u02bbazali va \u201cYod etmas emish kishini g\u02bburbatda kishi\u201d misrasi bilan boshlanuvchi ruboiysi o\u02bbsha yillardagi hayoti bilan bog\u02bbliq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hindiston yurishlari davrida Bobur \u201cMubayyin\u201d asarini yaratdi. Masnaviy tarzida yozilgan, islom huquqshunosligi va shariat aqidalariga bag\u02bbishlangan bu asar 2258 baytdan tashkil topgan. Valiahd Humoyun va Komron Mirzoga dasturulamal sifatida mo\u02bbljallangan \u201cMubayyin\u201dda imon, namoz, ro\u02bbza, zakot va hajga oid shar\u02bciy mezonlar ham bayon qilingan. Asarning ayni paytga qadar topilgan 8 ta qo\u02bblyozmasi mavjud bo\u02bblib, ular asosida qator ilmiy tadqiqotlar olib borilgan. Jumladan, S.Hasanov (2000), T.Seyhan (2004), H.Hasanov (2011) kabi olimlar tomonidan o\u02bbzbek va turk tillaridagi nashrlari e\u02bclon qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur Allohning kalomi bo\u02bblgan Qur\u02bconi karim izmiga chin musulmon sifatida qat\u02bciy amal qilib, har qadamida buyuk murabbiy Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallamning sunnatlarini o\u02bbziga dasturulamal bilgan shariatpanoh shoh bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bobur qalamiga mansub \u201cXatti Boburiy\u201d, shuningdek, musiqa san\u02bcati va ilmi harbga bag\u02bbishlangan qator risolalari ham bo\u02bblgan. Ammo keyingi asarlar matnlari hanuz topilgan emas. \u201cXatti Boburiy\u201dda muallif arab alifbosini tahrir qilib, yozuvni soddalashtirish va osonlashtirish maqsadida uni turkiy til va talaffuz mezonlariga moslashtirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur o\u02bbz davrining buyuk shoiri, iqtidorli sarkardasi,\u00a0 tarixchi va din peshvosi sifatida tanilgan ulug\u02bb siymolardan biri bo\u02bblgan. Uning hayoti va ilmiy merosi bugungi kunda ham o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotgani yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Rajabov N. Ma\u02bcnaviyat sarchashmalari. Fan \u2013 T.: 1999. B.64.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbzbek adabiyoti. O\u02bbqituvchi. T.:1997. B.22.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Rajabov N. Ma\u02bcnaviyat sarchashmalari. Fan \u2013 T.: 1999. B.66.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Rajabov N. Ma\u02bcnaviyat sarchashmalari. Fan \u2013 T.: 1999. B<\/span>.4.<\/span><\/div>\n
Tohir EVADULLAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

XV asrning oxiri va XVI asr o\u02bbzbek mumtoz adabiyotining yirik vakili \u2013 buyuk shoir, tarixchi, geograf, davlat arbobi, iste\u02bcdodli sarkarda, boburiylar sulolasi asoschisi, temuriy shahzoda Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur 1483 yil 14 fevral kuni Andijonda Farg\u02bbona viloyati hokimi Umarshayx oilasida dunyoga keldi. Umarshayx Movarounnahr hokimi Abusaid Mirzoning o\u02bbg\u02bbli bo\u02bblib, 1455 yilda Samarqandda tug\u02bbilgan, 1494 yili Axsida …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26530&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26530&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-10T03:45:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-08T08:46:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/bukhari_buxoriy2023_27.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26530&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26530&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ZAHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BOBUR \u2013 SHARIATPANOH HUKMDOR - 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