{"id":26494,"date":"2023-02-06T16:57:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T11:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26494"},"modified":"2023-02-06T16:57:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T11:57:09","slug":"maorif-xalq-komissarligining-ilg%ca%bbor-vazifalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26494&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbrta asrlardan boshlab Turkiston madaniy hayotida maktab va madrasa alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. Ta\u02bclim tizimining bu bosqichi yoshlarning ilm-fan o\u02bbrganishida asosiy poydevor vazifasini o\u02bbtagan. Ammo xalqaro savdoning quruqlik orqali tanazzuli, siyosiy parokandalik va XIX asr o\u02bbrtalarida chet el mustamlakachilarning bosqini maorif tizimi rivojiga salbiy ta\u02bcsir etdi. Bu holat mamlakatni zamona ilmiy yutuqlaridan orqaga qolib, turmush va o\u02bblka hayotining tanazzulini boshlab bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XX asr boshlarida ta\u02bclim islohoti masalasida muxolif kuchlar sovetlar tomonidan bosqichma-bosqich mag\u02bblub etildi. Milliy manfaatlarni ko\u02bbzlab boshlangan harakatlar bartaraf etilib, sho\u02bbro siyosatiga mos g\u02bboya va mafkura joriy qilingan. Komunistlar rahnamosi V.I.Lenin: \u201eSiyosiy va harbiy soha kabi madaniy masala tez yechib\u00a0 bo\u02bblmas jarayon. Tanazzulning kuchayishi davrida bir necha haftada siyosiy g\u02bbalabaga, urush bilan bir necha oyda g\u02bbalaba qilish mumkin. Ammo madaniy sohada bunday davrda g\u02bbalabaga erishib bo\u02bblmaydi. Masalaning mohiyatiga ko\u02bbra, bu yerda uzoqroq muddat kerak va inson o\u02bbz ishini hisoblab matonat, qat\u02bciyat va tizimlilik asnosida uzoqroq davrga moslashishi kerak\u201c[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 deb yo\u02bbl-yo\u02bbriq berishi bunga dalil. Shu tariqa xalq maorifining 1917-1924 yillarini sho\u02bbro tarixshunosligida quyidagi bosqichlarga bo\u02bblishgan[2]<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fevral inqilobi davri;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Oktyabr inqilobining dastlabki 3 yillik davri \u2013 1918, 1919 va 1920 yy (harbiy komunizm davri);<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Yangi Iqtisodiy siyosatning dastlabki davri (1921-1922 yy);<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Tiklanish davri (1923-1924 yy).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ushbu davrlarda evolyutsion yo\u02bbl bilan sovet boshqaruv hokimiyati vakillari ta\u02bclim tizimini o\u02bbz manfaatlari uchun xizmat qiluvchi sohaga aylantirishgan. Yangi sovet maktablarini tashkil etish, rivojlantirish va barcha xalq ta\u02bclimini ishini yuritish uchun 1917 yil 23 noyabrda Turkiston Markaziy xalq komissarligi tarkibida O\u02bblka maorif xalq komissarligi tashkil etilgan. 1918 yil iyun oyi o\u02bbrtalarida Turkiston ASSR tuzilishi asnosida O\u02bblka maorif xalq komissarligi TASSR Maorif xalq komissarligi nomi bilan qayta tashkil topdi[3]<\/a>. 1918 yil 22 avgustda Xalq maorif komissarligi kollegiyasining tashkiliy yig\u02bbilishida Maorif xalq komissarligi bo\u02bblim boshliqlari tasdiqlangan. Maorif xalq komissarligini boshqarish uchun xalq komissari, 2 nafar yordamchi va 2 nafar a\u02bczodan iborat kollegiya zimmasiga yuklatilgan. Kollegiya tomonidan komissarlik bo\u02bblim boshliqlari va komissiya kotibi ham tayinlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Maorif xalq komissarligi vazifasiga xalq ta\u02bclim tizimini tashkil etishning respublika bosh rejasini ishlab chiqish, joylarda o\u02bbquv-tarbiya ishlarini birlashtirish, respublika smetasini tuzish va ta\u02bclim jarayonida ajratilgan mablag\u02bblarni taqsimlash kiritilgan. Shuningdek, Respublikaning barcha viloyat va tumanlaridagi xalq ta\u02bclimi boshqarmalari yagona umum qonunlarda belgilangan tartib asosida ish olib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tuman (Uezd) xalq ta\u02bclimi bo\u02bblimlari Maorif xalq komissarligi tomonidan belgilangan qoidalarni amalga oshirish va amaliyotga tatbiq etish, xususan ta\u02bclimni umumiy targ\u02bbib qilish uchun barcha choralarni ko\u02bbrgan. Tuman xalq ta\u02bclimi maktabgacha, maktab va maktabdan tashqari bo\u02bblimlarga bo\u02bblingan. Viloyat xalq ta\u02bclimi boshqarmasi tomonidan viloyat ahamiyatidagi fan, ta\u02bclim va ta\u02bclim muassasalari faoliyatini tashkil etish yuzasidan tuman xalq ta\u02bclimi bo\u02bblimlariga ko\u02bbrsatma va topshiriqlar berib kelingan. Viloyat xalq ta\u02bclimi boshqarmasi yillik hisob-kitoblarni ko\u02bbrib chiqish va tasdiqlash, vaqt-vaqti bilan tuman xalq ta\u02bclimi\u00a0 bo\u02bblimi vakillarining majlisini va ta\u02bclim xodimlarining viloyat qurultoyini chaqirib turish, viloyatda xalq ta\u02bclimining holati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida hisobotlar tuzish kabi vazifalarni amalga oshirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Maorif xalq komissarligi tashkil etilgan dastlabki yillarda biror-bir nomga ega bo\u02bblmagan besh bo\u02bblimda shakllantirilgan. 1-bo\u02bblim: a) umumta\u02bclim savodxonlik; b) umumta\u02bclim maktablarini joriy etish; v) mustaqil sinf tashkilotlariga yordam berish. 2-bo\u02bblim: a) ilmiy-pedagogik kadrlarini tayyorlash; b) oliy ta\u02bclim muassasalari; v) ilm-fan. 3-bo\u02bblim: a) texnikaviy maktablar va siyosiy ta\u02bclim; b) san\u02bcat; 4-bo\u02bblim: a) maktab tibbiyoti va gigiyena; b) statistika va eksperemental pedagogika; 5-bo\u02bblim: a) maktabgacha tarbiya; b) maktabdan tashqari tarbiya;<\/span><\/p>\n

    1925 yilga kelib Maorif komissarligi faoliyati yangicha mazmun kasb etadi. Komissarlik barcha tashabbusni o\u02bbz qo\u02bbliga olib, mahalliy xalq bilan kelishmasdan ta\u02bclim va maktab masalasida mustaqil qarorlarni qabul qila boshlagan. Masalan: \u201cO\u02bbzbekistonda xalq maorifi usulining asosiy masalalari\u201d nomli maqolada: \u201cTurkiston jumhuriyatining maorif komissarligi xalq maorifi ishida hech bir vaqt mukammal va asosiy bir usulg\u02bba molik bo\u02bbla olmadi va bu ishg\u02bba imkoniyati ham yo\u02bbq edi. Chunki Turkiston jumhuriyatidagi yashog\u02bbuvchi xalqlarning madaniy sharoitlari har xilda bo\u02bblg\u02bbonlikdan uni belgilash juda qiyin edi. O\u02bbzbekiston maorif komissarligi mana shu asosiy masalani bizga qanday ruhdag\u02bbi maktablar kerakligini va ularning o\u02bbzaro qanday munosabatda bo\u02bblishlari lozimlig\u02bbini hal qilsa kerakdir. Xalq maorifini asosiy usuli eng kichkinadan olib to eng katta yoshdag\u02bbi o\u02bbqug\u02bbuchilar va tarbiyalanguchilarning madaniy sharoitlarig\u02bba muvofiq tuzilishini o\u02bbz ichiga olmog\u02bbi tegishdir\u201d[4]<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 deb vaziyatga xolisona baho berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Markazdan chiqarilgan qarorlar Ittifoqqa kirgan har bir davlat uchun o\u02bbz nomini qo\u02bbyib qabul qilish an\u02bcanasi kuchaya borgan. Sotsializm g\u02bboyasi ruhida chiqarilgan qarorlarning ijrosi qat\u02bciy nazoratga olingan. Masalan: \u201cMarksizm va riyoziyot\u201d nomli maqolada: \u201cproletariat o\u02bbzining sinfiy dushmanlariga jamiyat partizanlariga qarshi kurashganda faqatgina jismoniy olishish bilan qanoatlanib qo\u02bbya qolmaydi. U mafkura maydonida ham tizgisini qo\u02bbldan bermasdan taraqqiyotni, tarix g\u02bbildiragini orqaga surmoqchi bo\u02bblg\u02bban \u201cqora kuchlar reaksion unsurlari\u201d bilan o\u02bbzining so\u02bbngi g\u02bbolibiyotig\u02bbacha olishodi\u201d[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 deb baho bergan. Ushbu jumladan boshqaruvni qo\u02bbliga olgan sovet hukumati butun bir jamiyat qatlamini o\u02bbz panjasiga qay yo\u02bbl bilan bo\u02bblmasin, mustahkam nazoratga olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xullas, Ittifoq markazining barcha idoralari, shu jumladan Maorif xalq komissarligi ham shaklan milliy, mazmunan sotsialistik siyosat yurgizgan. Komissarlik tarkibiga kirgan boshqarmalar markaz manfaati yo\u02bblida uzoq yillarga mo\u02bbljallab \u201cyuqoridan\u201d belgilangan vazifalarning ijrosini ta\u02bcminlashgan.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANGAN ADABI<\/strong>Yo<\/strong>TLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      O\u02bbzbekiston Milliy arxivi. Fond R-34<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Serbov P.I., Nikiforov A.D. Narodnoye prosve\u0449yeniye v Uzbekistane. \u2013Samarkand-Tashkent: Uzbekskoye gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo, 1927.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuvchi\u201d ijtimoiy-siyosiy, ta\u02bclim-tarbiyaviy, adabiy,fanniy, ilmiy jurnal. 1-son, mart, \u2013Samarqand shahri, 1925 yil.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuvchi\u201d ijtimoiy-siyosiy, ta\u02bclim-tarbiyaviy, adabiy,fanniy, ilmiy jurnal. 7-8-son, iyul-avgust, \u2013Samarqand shahri, 1929 yil.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Suxrob ERGASH\u0415V,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      O\u02bbrta asrlardan boshlab Turkiston madaniy hayotida maktab va madrasa alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. Ta\u02bclim tizimining bu bosqichi yoshlarning ilm-fan o\u02bbrganishida asosiy poydevor vazifasini o\u02bbtagan. Ammo xalqaro savdoning quruqlik orqali tanazzuli, siyosiy parokandalik va XIX asr o\u02bbrtalarida chet el mustamlakachilarning bosqini maorif tizimi rivojiga salbiy ta\u02bcsir etdi. Bu holat mamlakatni zamona ilmiy yutuqlaridan orqaga qolib, turmush …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26494&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26494&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-06T11:57:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/bukhari_buxoriy2023_22.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26494&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26494&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"MAORIF XALQ KOMISSARLIGINING \u201cILG\u02bbOR\u201d VAZIFALARI - 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