{"id":26395,"date":"2023-01-31T08:55:11","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T03:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26395"},"modified":"2023-01-30T20:25:42","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T15:25:42","slug":"sharq-allomalari-ilmiy-m%d0%b5rosida-jamiyat-id%d0%b5osf%d0%b5rasidagi-o%ca%bbzgarishlar-to%ca%bbg%ca%bbrisidagi-qarashlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26395&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SHARQ ALLOMALARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDA JAMIYAT ID\u0415OSF\u0415RASIDAGI O\u02bbZGARISHLAR TO\u02bbG\u02bbRISIDAGI QARASHLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Agar ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar tarixiga nazar tashlasak, jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlarning insoniyat taraqqiyotiga ta\u02bcsirini ajdodlarimiz qoldirgan ilmiy meroslarida ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Buyuk allomalar, tarixiy shaxslar, siyosiy arboblar o\u02bbzlarining hayot saboqlari, tarix tajribalari va o\u02bbz oldlariga qo\u02bbygan maqsadlarini e\u02bctiborga olib jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar orqali jamiyat, millat taraqqiyotiga ijobiy yoki salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatishga harakat qilganlarining guvohi bo\u02bblamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Markaziy Osiyo xalqlarining ilmiy merosi umumjahon falsafasi tarixida o\u02bbzining salmoqli hissasini qo\u02bbshgan. Ushbu xalqlar falsafasi Hindiston, Xitoy, Misr, Yunoniston falsafasi kabi qadimiyligi bilan emas, balki o\u02bbz taraqqiyoti yo\u02bblida jahon xalqlari ma\u02bcnaviyatiga kuchli ta\u02bcsir etgan jamiyat ideosferasidagi g\u02bboyalar evolyutsiyasidan iboratligi bilan ajralib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

IX-XII asrlar Markaziy Osiyoda, jumladan hozirgi O\u02bbzbekiston zaminida yashagan xalqlar hayotida ijtimoiy-siyosiy hamda ilmiy madaniy voqealarga boy davrlardan biri hisoblangan [1]. Bu davrda diniy ilmlar sohalarida mintaqa shuhratini olamga tanitgan imom Buxoriy, imom Termiziy, Nizomulmulk kabi allomalar, dunyoviy ilmlar sohasida esa, Forobiy, Beruniy, Ibn Sino hamda tasavvuf ma\u02bcnaviy-ma\u02bcrifiy ta\u02bclimoti sohasida Ahmad Yassaviy, Ahmad Yugnakiy, Yusuf Xos Hojib, Najmiddin Kubro, Bahouddin Naqshband va boshqa yirik mutafakkirlarning jamiyat taraqqiyoti rivojida jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlarning beqiyos o\u02bbrni haqidagi qarashlari butun jahon ilmiy va falsafiy tafakkurining ravnaqiga beqiyos hissa qo\u02bbshdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Nasr Forobiy (873-950)\u00a0<\/strong>jahon ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar tarixida \u201cSharq Aristoteli\u201d (\u201cIkkinchi muallim\u201d) degan unvonga sazovor bo\u02bblgan mashhur qomusiy olim sifatida tanildi. Allomaning ijtimoiy-falsafiy qarashlarida jamiyatning yuksalish yo\u02bbllari, axloqning shakllanishi, inson va jamiyatning o\u02bbzaro munosabati, insoniylik, adolatparvarlik, taraqqiyot, buyuk jamiyat, komil inson kabi mavzularni ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tadqiq etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forobiy talqinicha, \u201c\u2026haqiqiy baxtga erishish maqsadida o\u02bbzaro yordam qiluvchi kishilarni birlashtirgan shahar \u2013 fazilatli shahardir, baxtga erishish maqsadida birlashgan kishilar jamoasi \u2013 fazilatli jamoadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baxtga erishish maqsadida o\u02bbzaro yordam bergan xalq \u2013 fazilatli xalqdir. Shu tartibda barcha xalqlar baxtga erishish uchun bir-birlariga yordam bersalar, butun yer yuzi fazilatli bo\u02bbladi\u201d [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Forobiy ijtimoiy yuksalishga va baxt-saodatga jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar orqali, ya\u02bcni ilm va ma\u02bcrifat asosida yuzaga keladigan aqliy va axloqiy fazilatlar orqali erishish mumkin degan xulosaga keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uyg\u02bbonish davrining buyuk qomusiy mutafakkirlaridan yana biri\u00a0Abu Rayhon Beruniy (973-1048)<\/strong>\u00a0hisoblanadi. Beruniy talqin etishicha, insonning eng oliy baxti bilishda, chunki u aqlga ega. Baxt ana shu nuqtai nazardan tushunilsagina jamiyatga tinchlik va farovonlik keltiradi. Uning \u201cHindiston\u201d asarida shunday bir hikoya keltiriladi: \u201cBir kishi shogirdlari bilan birga tim qorong\u02bbi kechada bir zarurat uchun yo\u02bblga chiqqan, yo\u02bbl ustida tik turgan bir qoroltiga ko\u02bbzlari tushgan, uning haqiqatini bilishga kecha qorong\u02bbusi to\u02bbsqinlik qilgan, shunda haligi kishi shogirdlariga qarab birin-ketin ulardan u qoroltining nima ekanini so\u02bbraganda, birinchisi, nima ekanini bilolmayman, degan; ikkinchisi, nima ekanini bilolmayman va bilishga qudratim ham yetmaydi, degan. Uchinchisi esa, bilishning foydasi yo\u02bbq, chunki tong yorisa, u narsa ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladi qo\u02bbyadi, agar qo\u02bbrqinchli narsa bo\u02bblsa, tong otishi bilan yo\u02bbq bo\u02bbladi, agar qo\u02bbrqinchli narsa bo\u02bblmasa, uning ahvoli bizga ravshan bo\u02bbladi qo\u02bbyadi, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, uch shogirdining ma\u02bcrifati qisqalik qildi. Birinchisi, ilmsizligi sababli, ikkinchisi, ojizligi va qurol-organiga ofat yetgani sababli, uchinchisi, ishni keyinga qo\u02bbyishi va ilmsizlikka rozi bo\u02bblib turishi sababli ma\u02bcrifatda qisqalik ko\u02bbrsatdi. Ammo to\u02bbrtinchisi aniq bilmasdan turib javob bermaydi, o\u02bbsha qoroltinni mo\u02bbljallab yaqin borganida bir-biriga chirmashib o\u02bbralashib ketgan qovoq palagini ko\u02bbrdi. Shunda u shogird tirik va ixtiyori o\u02bbzida bo\u02bblgan insonning o\u02bbsha chirmashgan narsa ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgunicha turgan joyida qolmasligini tushundi va u qoroltining jonsiz narsa ekanini aniqladi. Bu shogird ustoziga aniq xabar keltirgan edi, ustozi huzurida ma\u02bcrifat qozondi\u201d [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi hikoya shundan dalolat beradiki, inson tabiatan yashirin narsalarni, tafsiloti noma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan narsalarni bilishga ehtiros bilan intiladi. Beruniyning jamiyat ideosferasining yangilanib borishida mehnatning, ilm-fan, madaniyat va ma\u02bcnaviyatning, inson omilining roli va ahamiyati beqiyos ekanligini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Faylasuf olim jamiyat tadrijiy o\u02bbzgarishlar orqali yuksalishi, unda adolat, insonparvarlik, zulmni bartaraf etish, tinchlik va inoqlik bosh mezon bo\u02bblishi kerakligini uqtiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Sino (980-1037)<\/strong>\u00a0jahon xalqlari ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrining buyuk namoyondasi, Sharqda \u201cShayx ur-rais\u201d (olimlar boshlig\u02bbi) degan nom bilan shuhrat qozongan qomusiy olimi \u2013 mutafakkiridir [4]. U insoniyat tarixida nafaqat tabib sifatida tanildi, balki o\u02bbz davrining buyuk faylasufi, o\u02bbzidan keyingi davr ilm-fani, madaniyati rivojiga hissa qo\u02bbshgan buyuk donishmand sifatida ham shuhrat topdi. Ibn Sinoning jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar haqidagi qarashlarining nodir jihatlardan biri shunda ediki, alloma\u00a0 qarashlarida o\u02bbz davrining juda ko\u02bbplab ilg\u02bbor konsepsiyalarini ifodalay oldi. U o\u02bbz davri va undan oldingi yirik faylasuf olimlar qarashlaridagi jamiyat yuksalishida ma\u02bcnaviy o\u02bbzgarishlar muhim omil ekanligini o\u02bbrganib, ushbu qarashlarni ilm-fan an\u02bcanalari orqali rivojlantirishga o\u02bbz hissasini qo\u02bbshdi.\u00a0 Ibn Sino jamiyat va inson kamolotga erishishining birinchi asosini bilimlarga erishishda deb ko\u02bbrsatadi. Zero, ilm-fan borliq va insoniyat oldidagi hayotiy qonuniyatlarni ochib, aniqlik va yuksalishga yo\u02bbnaltiruvchi yo\u02bbl deb biladi. Bilim va ma\u02bcrifat yo\u02bbliga chiqqan inson,\u00a0 ushbu yo\u02bbldagi to\u02bbsiq va qiyinchiliklarni yengib o\u02bbtishi lozimligini ta\u02bckidlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Sino o\u02bbz ilmiy merosi bilan insonlarning baxtli va farovon hayot kechirishlari uchun doim ilm-ma\u02bcrifatni egallash yo\u02bblidan borishlarini maslahat beradi: \u201cEy birodarlar! Odamlarning botiri mushkulotdan qo\u02bbrqmaydi. Kamolot hosil qilishdan bosh tortgan kishi odamlarning eng qo\u02bbrqog\u02bbidir\u201d [5]. Demak, ma\u02bcrifatli inson kuchli, o\u02bblimdan qo\u02bbrqmaydigan, faqat jamiyat va insoniyat kamoloti uchun harakat qiladigan insonni nazarda tutadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday qilib, Ibn Sinoning ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy merosidagi g\u02bboyalar nafaqat inson bilim va tafakkurining yuksalishiga, shuningdek, jamiyat va davlatning rivojlanishiga xizmat qildi. Bu ilmiy-falsafiy g\u02bboyalar hozir ham jamiyat ideosferasidagi ijobiy o\u02bbzgarishlarga xizmat qilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nizomulmulk (1018-1092)\u00a0<\/strong>oqilona va adolatli davlat boshqaruvi tufayli Malikshohning nomi tarixda qoldi. U adl va insofning buyuk me\u02bcmori edi. Unining \u201cSiyosatnoma\u201d (\u201cSiyar ul-muluk\u201d) asarning asosiy g\u02bboyalari ham shundan iboratki, vazir Nizomulmulk shoh va hokimlarni adlu insofga, sulh va muruvvatga, davlatni oqilona boshqarib, qat\u02bciy qoida va tartib o\u02bbrnatishga, amaldorlarni vijdonli, pok, halol va imonli bo\u02bblishga, mamlakat obodonligi, uning ahli farovonligi, tinchligi va totuvligini ta\u02bcminlash uchun harakat qilishga da\u02bcvat etadi: \u201c\u2026davlatu donish va ezgu rasmu odat yorug\u02bb shamga o\u02bbxshaydi. Va odamlar shu yorug\u02bblikda yo\u02bbllarini topib, qorong\u02bbilikdan chiqadilar\u201d [6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nizomulmulkning jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy qarashlarida barkamol avlodni davlat va jamiyat ishlarida halollik va to\u02bbg\u02bbrilik, bunyodkorlik va ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik ruhida tarbiyalashda\u00a0 muhim ahamiyatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xullas, yuqorida ko\u02bbrib chiqqan jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi mutafakkirlarning qarashlari nafaqat O\u02bbrta Osiyo balki jahon xalqlari ma\u02bcnaviy yuksalish tarixining ajralmas qismiga aylangan. Ushbu g\u02bboyalar ijtimoiy muhit, inson munosabatlarini o\u02bbrganish, mavjud olamni bilish va uni o\u02bbzgartishga bo\u02bblgan uzluksiz intilish jarayonida shakllanib, rivojlanib borganini va xalqlarning ilmiy tafakkurining o\u02bbsib borishi, ma\u02bcnaviy yuksalib borishi, inson kelajagi haqidagi g\u02bboyalarni olg\u02bba surish va amalga oshirish uchun xizmat qilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro\u02bbyxati<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yusubov D.A. Saitxodjayev X.B. Mavlyanov A.A. Falsafa. \u2013T., \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi IIV Akademiyasi\u201d, 2012. \u2013B.64.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Abu Nasr Forobiy. Fozil odamlar shahri (Mas\u02bcul muharrir: M.Xayrullayev, M.Jakbarov). \u2013T., \u201cYangi asr avlodi\u201d, 2015. \u2013B.288.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Abu Rayhon Beruniy. Tanlangan asarlar II. (Mas\u02bcul muharrirlar: G\u02bb.Jalolov, A.Irisov)\u2013T., \u201cFan\u201d, 1965. \u2013B.77-78.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Xayrullayev M. O\u02bbzbekistonda ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar tarixidan. \u2013T., \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston\u201d, 1995. \u2013B.59.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Ibn Sino. Falsafiy qissalar (Irisov A.). \u2013T., \u201cBadiiy adabiyot nashriyoti\u201d, 1963. \u2013B.15<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Nizomulmulk. Siyosatnoma (\u201cSiyar ul-muluk\u201d) (Mas\u02bcul muharrir: Sharif Xolmurod). \u2013T., \u201cYangi asr avlodi\u201d, 2015. \u2013B.21.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Bexruz<\/strong>\u00a0TURDIYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Buxoro davlat universiteti dotsenti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa fanlari bo\u02bbyicha falsafa doktori (<\/strong>PhD<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Agar ijtimoiy-falsafiy fikrlar tarixiga nazar tashlasak, jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlarning insoniyat taraqqiyotiga ta\u02bcsirini ajdodlarimiz qoldirgan ilmiy meroslarida ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Buyuk allomalar, tarixiy shaxslar, siyosiy arboblar o\u02bbzlarining hayot saboqlari, tarix tajribalari va o\u02bbz oldlariga qo\u02bbygan maqsadlarini e\u02bctiborga olib jamiyat ideosferasidagi o\u02bbzgarishlar orqali jamiyat, millat taraqqiyotiga ijobiy yoki salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatishga harakat qilganlarining guvohi bo\u02bblamiz. Markaziy Osiyo xalqlarining …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSHARQ ALLOMALARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDA JAMIYAT ID\u0415OSF\u0415RASIDAGI O\u02bbZGARISHLAR TO\u02bbG\u02bbRISIDAGI QARASHLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SHARQ ALLOMALARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDA JAMIYAT ID\u0415OSF\u0415RASIDAGI O\u02bbZGARISHLAR TO\u02bbG\u02bbRISIDAGI QARASHLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26395&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SHARQ ALLOMALARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDA JAMIYAT ID\u0415OSF\u0415RASIDAGI O\u02bbZGARISHLAR TO\u02bbG\u02bbRISIDAGI QARASHLAR - 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