{"id":26335,"date":"2023-01-23T08:49:18","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T03:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=26335"},"modified":"2023-01-23T01:50:30","modified_gmt":"2023-01-22T20:50:30","slug":"xalifa-ibn-xayyot-ilmiy-faoliyati-va-uning-tarix-asari-haqida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=26335&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XALIFA IBN XAYYOT ILMIY FAOLIYATI VA UNING \u201cTARIX\u201d ASARI HAQIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Basralik arab tarixchisi Xalifa ibn Xayyot milodiy 777-855 (hijriy 160-240) yillarda yashab ijod qilgan. Uning to\u02bbliq ismi manbalarda Abu Amr Xalifa ibn Xayyot ibn Abu Xubayr al-Axboriy ash-Shayboniy al-Usfuriy al-Basriy deb keltiriladi. U haqida \u201cTabaqot\u201d kitoblaridan Ibn Xallukonning \u201cVafayotul ayon\u201d kitobida, Ibn Ammod Hanbaliyning \u201cShazarotuz zahab\u201d asarida, Zarkaliyning \u201cAl-a\u02bclom\u201d asarida, Imom Zahabiyning \u201cSiyar a\u02bclom an-nubalo\u201d asarida, Ibn Hajar Asqaloniyning \u201cTahzibut tahzib\u201d asarida, Imom Zahabiyning \u201cTazkirotul huffoz\u201d asarida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirib o\u02bbtilgan. Uning al-Usfuriy deb yuritilishi yoshlik chog\u02bblarida chumchuqfurushlik bilan shug\u02bbullangani uchun shunday nisbat berilgan. Manbalarda Ibn Xayyotning oilasi Iroqdagi Basra shahridan bo\u02bblganligi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar uchraydi. U yoshligidayoq ilmining yuksakligi, ilmda juda ham ziyrak va hushyorligi bilan tanilgan edi. Manbalarda Xalifa ibn Xayyot islom tarixini yaxshi biladigan fazli keng hofiz bo\u02bblganligi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar uchraydi. Bobosi mashhur muhaddis sifatida tilga olinadi. Xalifa ibn Xayyotning o\u02bbzi ham tarixchi bo\u02bblibgina qolmay,buyuk muhaddis sifatida ham nom qozongan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cXalifa ibn Xayyot Basrada yashagan bo\u02bblib, ilm talabida boshqa shaharlarga bormagan.O\u02bbsha davrda ilm markazlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan Bag\u02bbdod shahriga kelmaganligini Xatib Bag\u02bbdodiyning \u201cTarix\u201d kitobidagi ma\u02bclumotlar tasdiqlaydi\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Zahabiyning qayd etishicha, Imom al-Buxoriy o\u02bbzining \u201cAl-Jome as-Sahih\u201d kitobida Xalifa ibn Xayyotni ishonchli roviylar qatorida e\u02bctirof etgan. Xalifa ibn Xayyot o\u02bbzining ilm talabidagi izlanishlari bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. U Ifriqiya (Tunis)da shayxlik qilgan kezlari 284 kishiga ustozlik qilib, ularga fiqh ilmidan dars bergan.Uning o\u02bbzi esa solih mujtahid darajasiga erishgan. Xalifa ibn Xayyotdan uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Ayyub, Ahmad ibn Abdulloh al-Umaviy, Aslam ibn Abdulaziz, Muhammad ibn Zubayr, Muhammad ibn Umar al-Lubbaba, Xasan ibn Sa\u02bcd al-Kinoniy, Abdulloh ibn Yunus Murodiy al-Quburiy, Abdulvohid ibn Hamdun, Hishom ibn Valid G\u02bbofiqiy va boshqalar hadis rivoyat qilishgan. Imom Buxoriy o\u02bbzining \u201cAt-tarix al-kabir\u201d kitobida uni ishonchli roviylardan sanagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xalifa ibn Xayyotning vafoti haqida turli ixtiloflar bo\u02bblgan. Jumladan Ibn Tug\u02bbro Bardiy o\u02bbzining \u201cFiy nujumiz-zahiro\u201d asrida muallifni hijriy 240\/855 yilda vafot etgan degan ma\u02bclumotni keltiriladi. Bundan tashqari Imom Zirikliy o\u02bbzining \u201cAl-a\u02bclom\u201d asarida, Ibn Kasir \u201cAl-bidoya van-nihoya \u201d asarida, Ibn Ammod Hanbaliy \u201cShazarot uz-zahab\u201d asarida ham Xalifa ibn Xayyotni hijriy 240\/855 yilda vafot etganini keltiradi. Lekin Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Abu Bakr Ibn Xallukon o\u02bbzining \u201cVafoyotul ayon\u201d asarida muallifni ramazon oyida hijriy 230\/845 yilda vafot etgan degan ma\u02bclumotni keltirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Zahabiy \u201cSiyar a\u02bclom an-nubalo\u201d asarida u haqida shunday degan: \u201cXalifa ibn Xayyot imom, hofiz, alloma bo\u02bblgan, uning ismi Abu Amr Usfuriy Basriy bo\u02bblib, \u201cShabob\u201d laqabini olgan, u \u201cTarix\u201d va \u201cTabaqot\u201d kitobi sohibidir\u201d[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baqiy ibn Maxlad Ibn Xayyotning \u201cTarix\u201d asari haqida shunday degan: \u201cU haqida Ibn Bishkavol: \u201cIslom haqida u kabi asar yozilmagan\u201d \u2013 deydi[3]<\/a>. Uning hadisga doir asari ham mavjud bo\u02bblib, unda sahobalarning ismlarini tartiblagan, yana uning \u201cFatovo as-sahoba vat-tobeiyn va man duvnahum\u201d (Sahoba, tobeiyn va ulardan boshqalarning fatvolari) haqidagi kitobi ham mavjud\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixchi ibn Nadimning keltirishicha, Xalifa ibn Xayyotdan bizga \u201cTarix\u201d, \u201cTabaqot\u201d, \u201cTabaqot al-Quro\u201d, \u201cTarix az-zamaniy val arjan val mardo val umyan\u201d, \u201cAjzaul-Qur\u02bcan va a\u02bcsharuhu va asbauhu va ayatuhu\u201d nomli kitoblari yetib kelgan. Ismoil al-Bag\u02bbdodiyning ma\u02bclumotlariga qaraganda Xalifa ibn Xayyotni \u201cMusnad\u201d kitob yozgani haqida ham xabarlar mavjud. Olim hadis rivoyat qilish, fiqh va boshqa sohalardan tashqari olimlar haqida qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlarni o\u02bbz kitoblarida yozib qoldirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallifning shoh asari bo\u02bblmish Tarix asari o\u02bbz sohasida yozilgan asarlar ichida ma\u02bclumotlarining tartibliligi, ma\u02bclumotlarning ishonchli kishilardan keltirilganligi, ixcham va aniqligi bilan ajralib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kitob haqida muallifning o\u02bbzi shunday deydi: \u201cBu \u201cTarix\u201d kitobi odamlar o\u02bbz hajlari, ro\u02bbzalari va qarzlari muddatini biladigan tarixdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarda islom tarixi, ya\u02bcni:<\/span><\/p>\n