{"id":25929,"date":"2022-12-21T10:44:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T05:44:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25929"},"modified":"2022-12-21T10:44:12","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T05:44:12","slug":"muhammad-al-mu%ca%bcizziyning-tasrif-ul-af%ca%bbol-asari-sarf-ilmi-bo%ca%bbyicha-muhim-manba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25929&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MUHAMMAD AL-MU\u02bcIZZIYNING \u201cTASRIF UL-AF\u02bbOL\u201d ASARI SARF ILMI BO\u02bbYICHA MUHIM MANBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u02bclumki, Movarounnahr mintaqasidan arab tili va uning grammatikasini chuqur tadqiq qilgan va dunyoga mashhur asarlar yaratgan ko\u02bbplab olimlar yetishib chiqqan. \u00a0Mazkur olimlarning ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganish, sarf va nahv bo\u02bbyicha davrimizga qadar yetib kelgan asarlarini tadqiq etish hozirgi kunning dolzarb masalalaridan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shunday olimlardan biri Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qosim al-Mu\u02bcizziy bo\u02bblib, uning \u201cTasrif ul-af\u02bbol\u201d asarini ushbu maqola doirasida tadqiq qilish maqsad qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning tarjimai holi, uning boshqa asarlari haqida ma\u02bclumot deyarli uchramaydi. Uning ismi, asarining nomi, qanday so\u02bbzlar bilan boshlanishi haqida Xoja Xalifaning \u201cKashf al-Zunnun\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0asrida qisqa ma\u02bclumot berilgan.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad al-Mu\u02bcizziyning hayotiga oid ma\u02bclumotlar kam bulsa-da, uning bizgacha yetib kelgan mashhur \u201c\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a\u201d asari xalq orasida \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u201d ,\u00a0 \u201c\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a yoki \u201c\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a\u201d nomlari bilan tanilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toshkentda Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik institutida ushbu asarning 7 qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi saqlanib kelmoqda. ( 10455; 12018; 10461; 12214, 12147; 11743; 10326).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu asarning O\u02bbzR FASHI qo\u02bblyozmalar fondida saqlanayotgan nusxasi Sulton Abdulahadxon davrida yaratilgan majmua kitobidan joy olgan bo\u02bblib, bu majmua kitoblar savdo-sotig\u02bbi bo\u02bbyicha tijorat qiluvchi Mulla Sulton ibn Mulla Sobir al-Buxoriy talabiga binoan 1324 hijriy yilda Buxoroi Sharifda \u201cDorul Sulton\u201d da ko\u02bbchirilgan. Ushbu majmua kitob sahifalarining markaziga asar matnlari yozilgan bo\u02bblib, so\u02bbng mazkur matnlarga al-Mavlo Asomiddinning fors tilidagi sharhi ko\u02bbchirilgan. Sharhning tevaragiga Tavla Hasan iz-Zibariyning hoshiya (ya\u02bcni suprokomentariy)si ko\u02bbchirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eron kutubxonalari fondlarida risolaning ko\u02bbplab nusxalari mavjud bo\u02bblib, aksariyati \u201c\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u201d nomi bilan yoki noma\u02bclum nom bilan ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Bundan tashqari, mazkur risolaning ikki nusxasi \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u201d nomi bilan Shamsiddin Muhammad ibn Abu al-Qosim Mui\u02bczziga nisbat qilib keltirilgan. Mazkur risola aynan shu so\u02bbz boshi va taxminan shu xususiyatlar bilan Kashf Az-Zununda aynan shu muallif qalamiga mansub ekanligi ko\u02bbrsatilgan. O\u02bbrganishlardan so\u02bbng ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblishicha Eron milliy kutubxonasiga risolaning \u201c\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u201d nomi bilan 19 ta nusxasi mamlakat ichkarisida qabul qilingan va shuningdek 10 ta xorijiy nusxasi mavjud. Bulardan bir nechta nusxa Milliy kutubxonada mavjud. Bu kitobni Muhammad Mir Muqallad \u201cSharxul abvobu risolatul tuvfiq\u201d nomi bilan forsiy sharhini berib, bir nusxasi Fiziyeda va bir nus\u02bchasi tashqi ishlar vazirligi kutubxonasida mavjud.\u00a0 \u201cKashful Zunun\u201dning ta\u02bcrifi mazkur risola Mui\u02bczziy tegishli ekanligini anglatadi. Matnda muallifga ishora bo\u02bblmaganligi uchun ko\u02bbproq kitobning boshidagi iborani ishlatgan. Unga \u201cTasrif\u00a0 al-afal\u201d deb nom bergan va bu bir necha bor takrorlangan.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Birlashgan Arab Amirliklarining \u201cJuma al-Majid\u201d madaniy meros markazining elektron portalida risolaning \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u201d nomi bilan\u00a0 turli fondlardagi 137 nusxasi keltirib o\u02bbtilgan. Ko\u02bbrsatilgan nusxalar Saudiya Arabistoning Podshoh Saud universiteti kutubxonasida, Madina masjidi kutubxonasida, Hindistonning al-Nosiriya kutubxonasida va shaxsiy kutubxonalarda ham saqlanayotganligi ko\u02bbrsatilgan[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saqlanayotgan qo\u02bblyozmalarning eng qadimiysi hijriy 1067\/ milodiy 1657 yilda xattot Malik Ahmad ibn Malik Pirmuhammad al-Faruqi tomonidan yozilgan, eng yangisi hijriy 1315\/ milodiy 1897 yilda yozilgan. Asarning turli fondlarda saqlanayotgan nusxalari 3 betdan 30 betgacha hajmda ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Bundan barcha qo\u02bblyozmalar ham to\u02bbliq holda saqlanib qolmagan yoki xattotlar turli xat turlari bilan yozganlar degan xulosaga kelish mumkin.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Juma al-Majid\u201d madaniy meros markazining elektron portalida ko\u02bbrsatilishicha Hindistonning an-Nosiriya kutubxonasida saqlanayotgan Shamsiddin Muhammad ibn Abu al-Qosim Mui\u02bczzining tegishli bo\u02bblgan risola \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/a>\u201d nomi bilan saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlarida tatarlar tomonidan bu kitob ko\u02bbp marta tosh bosma shaklda chop etilgan. Jami 1500 dan 6000 gacha bo\u02bblgan adadda 22 marotaba nashr qilingani ma\u02bclum. Bu mazkur risola Tatariston madrasalarida o\u02bbquv qo\u02bbllanma sifatida keng iste\u02bcmolda bo\u02bblganligidan dalolat beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XX asr boshlariga kelib asarning shuhrati bir muncha kamayadi va 1913 yilga kelib \u201cQozon, Ufa, Sasara, Vyat, Orenburg va Simbirsk guberniyalaridagi musulmon konfessionan maktablarida qabul qilingan o\u02bbquv darsliklari ro\u02bbyxati\u201d da kam qo\u02bbllaniladigan kitoblar ro\u02bbyxatiga taniqli bo\u02bblmagan fors mualliflari Abdulloh va Mu\u02bcizzi kiritilgan. Lekin risolaning 1913 yilda ham \u201cSentralnaya\u201d, 1915 yilda \u201cKarimiya\u201d bosmaxonalarida chop etilganligi unga bo\u02bblgan ehtiyoj hali hanuz mavjud bo\u02bblganligidan dalolat beradi.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, qadimda asarlar ko\u02bbpincha xattotlar tomonidan o\u02bbz sohasiga, yunalishiga ko\u02bbra bir-biriga yaqin bo\u02bblgan bir qancha olimlarning asarlarini o\u02bbz ichiga jamlagan majmua sifatida ko\u02bbchirilgan. Muhammad al-Mu\u02bcizziyning Tasrif al-af\u02bcal asari ham ko\u02bbp xollarda mana shunday to\u02bbplamlar tarkibida ko\u02bbchirilgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad al-Mu\u02bcizziyning Tasrif al-af\u02bcal asari Buxoro madrasalarida boshlang\u02bbich maktablardagi arab tili darslarini takrorlash sifatida ikkinchi yili darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitilgan[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sadriddin Ayniy o\u02bbzining esdaliklarida Buxorodagi madrasalar dars programmasi va o\u02bbquv kitoblari haqida gapirib, madrasalarda talaba arab sarfiga oid bo\u02bblib, arab tilida yozilgan \u201cMuizziy\u201d va \u201cZanjoniy\u201d degan kitoblarni, so\u02bbngra arab tili nahviga oid bo\u02bblib, arab tilida yozilgan \u201cAvomil\u201d nomli kitobchani o\u02bbqir va bu kitobchalardagi arabcha so\u02bbzlarni jumlama-jumla tojikcha tarjimasi bilan yodlab olardi[6]<\/sup><\/a>, deb keltirgan.\u00a0 Bu yerda \u201cMuizziy\u201d deyilganda Muhammad al-Mu\u02bcizziyning Tasrif al-af\u02bcal asari, \u201cZanjoniy\u201d esa Abdul Vahhob ibn Ibrohim az-Zanjoniy ash-Shofe\u02bciyning \u201cal-Izzi fi ilmi -s- sarf \u201d asari nazarda tutilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u02bczi tadqiqotchilar bu ikki muallifni ya\u02bcni \u201cMu\u02bcizzi\u201d va \u201cIzzi\u201dni bitta muallif deb hisoblaydilar. Arab tilining tatar tiliga ta\u02bcsirini o\u02bbrgangan Rossiyalik tadqiqodchilardan A.M.Salaxov \u201dTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d risolasini \u201cSarf Mu\u02bcizzi\u201d nomi bilan tilga olib, uni fe\u02bcllarning tuslanishiga bag\u02bbishlangan o\u02bbquv risolasi deb ataydi[7]<\/sup><\/a>, R.R.Safiulina \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a noma\u02bclum muallifga tegishli risola bo\u02bblib, uni Izzuddin Zanjoniyga tegishli deyiladi deb keltirgan[8]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 A.Fattaxova Izzuddin az-Zanjaniyning\u00a0 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u00a0 asari haqida bergan ma\u02bclumotida asar bir necha nomlar bilan tarqalganligini aytib, \u201cSarf al-Mu\u02bcizzi\u201d ham uning nomlanishlaridan biri deydi[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mu\u02bcizziyning \u201cTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d risolasi Izzuddin az-Zanjaniyning \u201cTasrif al-Izzi\u201d asarining nomlaridan biri degan fikr yanglish fikr ekanligini bir necha jihatdan o\u02bbz isbotini topadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

birinchidan: Tasrif al-Af\u02bcal asari \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u201d\u00a0 jumlasi bilan boshlanadi.\u00a0 Izzuddin az-Zanjaniyning \u201cTasrif al-Izzi\u201d asari esa \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 so\u02bbzlari bilan boshlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

ikkinchidan: \u201cTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d asari faqatgina arab tilidagi fe\u02bcllarni, fe\u02bcllarning yasalishi, ulardagi o\u02bbzgarishlar, ularga qo\u02bbshiladigan qo\u02bbshimchalar haqidagi qoida va misollardan iborat o\u02bbquv risolasi bo\u02bblib,\u00a0 Izzuddin az-Zanjaniyning \u201cTasrif al-Izzi\u201d asari esa arab tilidagi sarf ilmi bo\u02bbyicha yozilgan fundamental asarlardan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

uchinchidan:\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cTasrif al-Izzi\u201d asari hijriy 655, milodiy 1257 yilda yozilgan, \u201cTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d asarining yozilgan sanasi noma\u02bclum bo\u02bblsa-da, u asosan XIX va XX asr boshlarida istefodada bo\u02bblgan. Agar \u201cTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d risolasi ham Izzuddin az-Zanjaniyning qalamiga mansub bo\u02bblganda, u haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar\u00a0\u00a0 XIX asrga qadar bo\u02bblgan davrdagi manbalarda tilga olingan bo\u02bblar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

to\u02bbrtinchidan:\u00a0 XIX va XX asr boshlarida O\u02bbrta Osiyo madrasalarida tahsil olgan talabalar xotiralarida madrasa ta\u02bclim tizimida \u201cMu\u02bcizziy\u201d va \u201cZanjoniy\u201d kitoblari alohida kitob sifatida tilga olingan.[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari \u201cTasrif al-Af\u02bcal\u201d va \u201cTasrif al-Izzi\u201d asarlaridagi mavzuning berilishi, fe\u02bcllarning tasniflanishi bir biridan keskin farq qiladi. Bu holatlar mazkur ikki asarlar bitta asarning ikki xil nomlanishi emasligi va bir muallifning ikki turli asari emasligini isbotlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagilardan xulosa qilish mumkinki, Muhammad al-Mu\u02bcizziyning \u201cTasrif al-af\u02bcal\u201d asari arab tilidagi fe\u02bcllar tasnifi bo\u02bbyicha yaratilgan mustaqil risola bo\u02bblib, hozirgi kunda ham arab tili grammatikasining asosi bo\u02bblmish nahv va sarf ilmlarini o\u02bbrganuvchilar va tadqiqotchilar uchun muhim manba hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. 1981. \u062c 2. \u0635. 1740<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0www.manuscripts.ir\/ar\/ \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u064a-\u062f\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0628-\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633-\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0645\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646-\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a-\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645-\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 www\/almajidcenter.org\/search_details<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Safiullina, R.R. Arabskaya kniga v duxovnoy jizni tatarskogo naroda \/ R.R. Safiulina. \u2013 Kazan: Alma-Lit, 2003. \u2013 B. 148 (211)<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Bobojonova F. Buxoro amirligida ta\u02bclim tizimi (XIX asr oxiri \u2013\u00a0 XX asrning boshlari). T.: Adib. 2014 \u2013 B. 52 (128B)<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ayniy S. Esdaliklaryu \/Asarlar. V. T.: Badiiy adabiyot nashriyoti. 1965- B. 166.(312)<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Salaxov A.M. Razvitiye tatarskoy grammaticheskoy teorii (na materiale grammatik tatarskogo i arabskogo yaz\u044bkov XIX \u2013 nach. XX veka). Kazan: IYALI, 2017. B\u2013 35 (184)<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Safiullina, R.R. Arabskaya kniga v duxovnoy jizni tatarskogo naroda \/ R.R. Safiulina. \u2013 Kazan: Alma-Lit, 2003. \u2013 B. 147 (211)<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Fattaxova A. Uchebniki arabskogo yaz\u044bka tatarskix avtorov konsa XIX \u2013 nach. XX vv. v knijn\u044bx xranili\u0449ax Kazani. Jurnal Minbar (Islamskiye issledovaniya) 2011, T. 4, \u2116 1 B. 29 (105)<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 qarang Ayniy S. Esdaliklaryu \/Asarlar. V. T.: Badiiy adabiyot nashriyoti. 1965- B. 166.(312),\u00a0 Bobojonova F. Buxoro amirligida ta\u02bclim tizimi (XIX asr oxiri \u2013\u00a0 XX asrning boshlari). T.: Adib. 2014 \u2013 B. 52 (128B)<\/span><\/div>\n
Akbar KAZAKBAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Arab tili va adabiyoti al-Azhar kafedrasi mudiri<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ma\u02bclumki, Movarounnahr mintaqasidan arab tili va uning grammatikasini chuqur tadqiq qilgan va dunyoga mashhur asarlar yaratgan ko\u02bbplab olimlar yetishib chiqqan. \u00a0Mazkur olimlarning ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganish, sarf va nahv bo\u02bbyicha davrimizga qadar yetib kelgan asarlarini tadqiq etish hozirgi kunning dolzarb masalalaridan biri hisoblanadi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shunday olimlardan biri Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qosim al-Mu\u02bcizziy bo\u02bblib, uning \u201cTasrif ul-af\u02bbol\u201d …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMUHAMMAD AL-MU\u02bcIZZIYNING \u201cTASRIF UL-AF\u02bbOL\u201d ASARI SARF ILMI BO\u02bbYICHA MUHIM MANBA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MUHAMMAD AL-MU\u02bcIZZIYNING \u201cTASRIF UL-AF\u02bbOL\u201d ASARI SARF ILMI BO\u02bbYICHA MUHIM MANBA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25929&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MUHAMMAD AL-MU\u02bcIZZIYNING \u201cTASRIF UL-AF\u02bbOL\u201d ASARI SARF ILMI BO\u02bbYICHA MUHIM MANBA - 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