{"id":25833,"date":"2022-12-14T08:54:44","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T03:54:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25833"},"modified":"2022-12-13T19:54:56","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T14:54:56","slug":"ulug%ca%bbb%d0%b5k-tarixiga-oid-muhim-manba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25833&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.Mirziyoyev Toshkent shahrining qadimiy va mo\u02bbtabar maskani \u2013 Hastimom dahasida barpo etilayotgan Islom sivilizatsiyasi markazi binosi bilan tanishib, uning asosiy peshtog\u02bbini qurishda Samarqanddagi Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasidan andoza olish kerakligi haqida g\u02bboyat muhim taklifni ilgari surdilar. Ushbu taklifning tarixiy ahamiyatini anglash uchun sulton Ulug\u02bbbek hayoti va ilmiy merosini chuqur o\u02bbrganish katta ahamiyatga ega. \u201c[Ulug\u02bbbek ko\u02bbragon] Samarqandda bir oliy madrasa bino qildikim, bezagi, afzalligi va ulug\u02bbvorligi jihatidan unga o\u02bbxshashi yetti iqlimda ham yo\u02bbqdir\u201d, \u2013 deb yozadi tarixchi Davlatshoh Samarqandiy[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz odatda madrasa deganda diniy ta\u02bclim muassasasini tushunamiz. Biroq 1417-1420 yillarda Ulug\u02bbbek tashabbusi va doimiy e\u02bctiborida qad rostlagan ushbu ta\u02bclim muassasasi bugungi kundagi haqiqiy akademiya maqomidagi ta\u02bclim va ilmiy tadqiqot o\u02bbchog\u02bbi edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek ushbu madrasani shunchaki qurdirmagan, balki bu maskan uning hayotida beqiyos ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblgan. Tarixchi Zayniddin Vosifiyga ko\u02bbra, Ulug\u02bbbek madrasa qurilishining har bir bosqichini shaxsan nazorat qilib borgan, hatto madrasa binosi bitgach, unga kim mudirlik qilishi, kimlar dars berishi, mudarrislar qanday bilim va malaka talablariga ega bo\u02bblishi lozimligigacha aniq belgilab bergan[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek hayoti, ilmiy faoliyati va saltanat boshqaruvini o\u02bbrganishda G\u02bbiyosiddin Jamshid Koshiy (vaf. 1429), Fasih Havofiy (1375-1442), Abdurazzoq Samarqandiy (1413-1482), Mirxond (1433-1498), Davlatshoh Samarqandiy (1435-1495), Alisher Navoiy (1441-1501), Xondamir (1475-1534), Bobur (1483-1530), Zayniddin Vosifiy (1485-1566) va Abu Tohirxoja kabi tarixchilarning asarlari qimmatli manbalar vazifasini bajaradi[3]<\/a>. Shuningdek, keyingi davrda ulug\u02bbbekshunoslikda V.V.Bartold, Qori Niyoziy, B.Axmedov, D.Yusupova, A.Axmedovlarning ilmiy tadqiqotlari muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiy \u201cMajolis un-nafois\u201d asarining yettinchi majlisida shunday yozadi: \u201cUlug\u02bbbek Mirzo \u2013 donishmand podshoh erdi. Kamolati bag\u02bboyat ko\u02bbp erdi. Yetti qiroat bila Qur\u02bconi majid yodida erdi. Hay\u02bcat va riyoziyni xo\u02bbb bilur erdi. Andoqkim, zij bitdi va rasad bog\u02bbladi va holo aning ziji oroda shoe\u02bcdur. Bovujudi bu kamolot gohi nazmg\u02bba mayl qilur\u201d[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixchi va shoir Davlatshoh Samarqandiy o\u02bbzining \u201cTazkirat ush-shuaro\u201d (\u201cShoirlar bo\u02bbstoni\u201d) kitobida Ulug\u02bbbek haqida quyidagilarni yozadi: \u201cAmmo olim, odil, g\u02bbolib va himmatli podshoh Ulug\u02bbbek ko\u02bbragon yulduzlar ilmida osmon qadar yuksalib bordi, maoniy ilmida qilni qirq yordi. Uning davrida olim va fozillar martabasi nihoyat baland cho\u02bbqqiga ko\u02bbtarildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek] handasa ilmida [har qanday] chigalliklarni yechguvchi, hay\u02bcat ilmida Majistiykusho erdi. Fozillaru hakimlarning yakdil fikri shulki, islomiyat zamonida, balki [Iskandar] Zulqarnayn zamonidin shu damgacha Ulug\u02bbbek ko\u02bbragondek olim va podshoh saltanat taxtida o\u02bbltirmagan. U riyoziyot (matematika) ilmini shu daraja egallagan erdiki, zamonasining [ulkan] olimlari, chunonchi ulamolar va hakimlar faxri Qozizoda Rumiy hamda G\u02bbiyosiddin Jamshid bilan birgalikda yulduzlar ilmiga rasad bog\u02bbladi. [Lekin] zamonasining bu ikki ulug\u02bb olimi rasad oxiriga yetmay turib vafot etdilar va sulton [Ulug\u02bbbek] bor himmatini bu ishni oxiriga yetkazmoqqa sarf qildi. \u201cZiji Sultoniy\u201dni kashf etib, uni o\u02bbz ismi bilan ziynatladi. Bugun bu zij hakimlar nazdida mo\u02bbtabar va amaldadur. Ba\u02bczi [olim]lar uni \u201cZiji Nasiri Elxoniy\u201ddan ortiq ko\u02bbradilar\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur o\u02bbzining \u201cBoburnoma\u201d asarida: \u201cUlug\u02bbbek mirzoning yirik imoratlaridan Samarqand qal\u02bcasining ichidagi madrasa va xonaqohdir. Xonaqohning gunbazi juda katta gunbazdir; olamda unchalik katta gunbaz yo\u02bbq, deb hisoblaydilar\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir yuksak imorati Ko\u02bbhak tepaligi etaklaridagi rasadxonadirki, bu zij bitmak (astronomik jadval tuzish)ning maskanidir. Uch qavatlidir. Ulug\u02bbbek mirzo bu rasadxonada \u201cZiji Ko\u02bbragoniy\u201d (\u201cKo\u02bbragoniy astronomik jadvali\u201d)ni tuzgandirki, olamda hozir bu jadval amaldadir\u201d[7]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbekning ustozi G\u02bbiyosiddin Jamshid Koshiyning o\u02bbz otasiga yo\u02bbllagan xati Ulug\u02bbbek davrida Samarqandda hukm surgan ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy muhit haqida ishonchli va batafsil ma\u02bclumot beruvchi tarixiy manba hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Boqiriyning fikricha, ushbu qo\u02bblyozma Ulug\u02bbbek bilan doimiy muloqotda bo\u02bblgan, uning ilmiy majlislarida ishtirok etgan shaxs tomonidan yozilgan birlamchi manba ekani bilan ham qadrlidir[8]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koshiyning birinchi xati Tehronning Sipohsolor masjidi kutubxonasidan topilgan bo\u02bblib, 1940 yilda eronlik olim M.Tabataboiy tomonidan nashr etilgan. Keyinchalik ingliz, arab, turk, rus va boshqa xorijiy tillarga tarjima qilinib, olimlar e\u02bctiborini o\u02bbziga jalb qilgan. Maktub akademik D.Yusupova tomonidan 1979 yilda rus tilida, 1996 yilda o\u02bbzbek tilida, 2009 yilda lotin alifbosida chop etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eronlik olim M.Boqiriy kutilmaganda Tehronning Majlis kutubxonasida maktubning ikkinchi nusxasi saqlanayotganini aniqladi va uni ilmiy muomalaga kiritdi. Jamshid Koshiyga tegishli mazkur ikkinchi nusxasini o\u02bbzbek ilmiy jamoatchiligiga nisbatan noma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan manbalar qatoriga kiritish mumkin. Asarning o\u02bbzbek tiliga tarjimasi mavjud emas. Biz quyida keladigan Jamshid Koshiyning o\u02bbz otasiga yo\u02bbllagan maktubini Tehron nusxasi asosida tarjima qildik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maktubda Ulug\u02bbbekning beqiyos ilmiy salohiyati, ilm-fanga e\u02bctibori va homiyligi, Samarqandda shakllangan matematika va astronomiya ilmiy maktablari, Ulug\u02bbbek rasadxonasining qurilishiga oid tarixiy manbalarda uchramaydigan qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlarni o\u02bbqish mumkin. Ta\u02bckidlash kerak, ushbu maktubdagi ba\u02bczi ma\u02bclumotlar uning birinchi nusxasida ham uchraydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c[Quyidagi] maktub xati hakimlar va muhandislarning[9]<\/a>\u00a0buyuk iftixori mavlono G\u02bbiyosul milla vad din Jamshid Koshoniy tomonidan Koshon shahriga, o\u02bbz otasiga saltanat poytaxti Samarqanddan u yerda rasad[10]<\/a>\u00a0ishlari bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bblib turgan vaqtida yozilgandur\u201d, \u2013 deyiladi maktub avvalida.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloma otasiga bergan va\u02bcdasiga muvofiq Samarqandda faqat astronomiya ilmi bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bblgani, bor diqqat-e\u02bctiborini ushbu fanga qaratayotganini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Samarqandga ilk marta kelganida mahalliy olimlar uni diqqat bilan kuzatgani, turli savollar so\u02bbrash orqali uning matematika va astronomiyaga oid bilimlarini sinovdan o\u02bbtkazganlarini yozadi. \u201cBundan maqsad\u201d, \u2013 deydi G\u02bbiyosiddin Koshiy, \u2013 Ulug\u02bbbek huzurida obro\u02bb va maqomga ega bo\u02bblgan olimlar saltanat poytaxtiga taklif etilgan yangi mehmon o\u02bbzlaridan bilim va tajriba jihatidan ustun bo\u02bblish yoki bo\u02bblmasligini aniqlash edi\u201d[11]<\/a>. Ulug\u02bbbek olimlar huzurida ushbu fanlarga oid turli muammolar bo\u02bbyicha bahslar tashkil etishni odat qilgan va ba\u02bczi masalalarning ilmiy muhokamasi bir-ikki oylab ham davom etgan. Bundan ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladiki, Ulug\u02bbbek davrida olim va tadqiqotchilar uchun barcha sharoitlar yaratilgan, Samarqandda ilmiy muhit o\u02bbzining yuksak bosqichiga ko\u02bbtarilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek Samarqandda faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatayotgan olim va mudarrislar, madrasa talabalarini moddiy qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlash uchun 30 ming dinor kepakiy[12]<\/a>\u00a0mablag\u02bb ajratgan. Shundan 10 ming dinor talabalarga yo\u02bbnaltirilgan. Ushbu moliyaviy yordamni oluvchi talabalar soni 10 ming nafardan oshiqni tashkil qilgan va ularning nomlari maxsus qayd etib borilgan. Mazkur mablag\u02bb hozirgi kun hisobida o\u02bbrtacha 32 milliard so\u02bbmni tashkil etadi. 10 ming talabaga 10,6 mlrd so\u02bbm ajratilganini e\u02bctiborga olsak, har bir talaba o\u02bbrtacha 1 mln so\u02bbmdan moddiy yordam olganini anglash mumkin. O\u02bbrta asrlar hisob-kitobida bu katta xarajatni tashkil qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqandda 500 nafar talaba matematika fani bilan chuqur shug\u02bbullangan. Jamshid Koshiy o\u02bbz xatida Ulug\u02bbbekning so\u02bbnggi 12 yil davomida matematika bilan doimiy mashg\u02bbul ekanini qayd etadi. Ulug\u02bbbek davrida matematika fani Samarqandning 12 ta joyida maxsus o\u02bbqitilgan. Samarqanddagi matematika fanining saviyasi va darajasi Fors hamda Iroq yerlaridagidan misli ko\u02bbrilmagan darajada yuqori bo\u02bblgan. Shuningdek, bu yerda hisob ilmi bilan shug\u02bbullanuvchi 24 nafar mustaxrij bo\u02bblib, ularning ayrimlari astronomiyadan ta\u02bclim olgan. Xususan, ularga Yevklidning \u201cElements\u201d asari o\u02bbqitilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamshid Koshiyga Ulug\u02bbbek saroyining noma\u02bclum azimutli devoriga miqyos o\u02bbrnatish vazifasi topshiriladi. Maqsad \u2013 quyosh soatini o\u02bbrnatish orqali vaqtni aniq darajada bilish bo\u02bblgan. Ushbu vazifa amalga oshirilganidan so\u02bbng Qozizoda Rumiy boshchiligidagi saroyning nufuzli olimlari to\u02bbplanib, Jamshid Koshiyning yechimini turli geometrik usullar orqali tekshirganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koshiyning yozishicha, Ulug\u02bbbek unga alohida topshiriq bergan. Topshiriqqa ko\u02bbra, masjid mehrobidan dumaloq shaklga ega shunday teshik teshish kerak bo\u02bblganki, qish va yozda quyosh nuri shu teshik orqali bir muddat masjid xonaqosiga tushib, asr namozi bo\u02bblganini aniq bildirishi kerak edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek olimlar hamrohligida haftada bir necha marta Samarqand madrasasiga tashrif buyurib, dars mashg\u02bbulotlarini kuzatishni odat qilgan. U bo\u02bbsh vaqt topildi deguncha ilmiy asarlar mutolaa qilishni xush ko\u02bbrgan. Kitobda ko\u02bbtarilgan masalalarni olimlar bilan muhokama qilgan. Koshiyning qaydiga ko\u02bbra, bir kuni Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbzi o\u02bbqigan kitobda Abu Rayhon Beruniyning \u201cQonuni Mas\u02bcudiy\u201d kitobiga havola keltirilgan bo\u02bblib, masala yechimi mavhum bo\u02bblgan va uni olimlar muhokamasiga tashlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek matematikani shu darajada chuqur bilganki, ilmiy muhokamalarda hech kimning uning so\u02bbzini bo\u02bblishga haddi sig\u02bbmagan. Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasi o\u02bbqituvchilari dars mashg\u02bbulotlariga tunlari bilan tayyorgarlik ko\u02bbrganlar hamda minglab usul va vositalar yordamida darsni olib borganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamshid Koshiy o\u02bbz maktubida Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasining eng yirik uch nafar ustozlari qatorida Qozizoda Rumiy, Mavlono Muhammad Xoniy, Mavlono Abulfathning nomlarini keltiradi. Mavlono Muhammad Xoniy matematika, astronomiya va boshqa fanlarning bilimdoni, kuchli xotira egasi bo\u02bblgan. Koshiyning qaydiga ko\u02bbra, Mavlono Muhammad Xoniy Qozizoda Rumiyga qadar Samarqandda eng yuqori ilmiy maqomga ega bo\u02bblgan va ilmiy bahslarda hech kim Muhammad Xoniyning oldiga tusholmagan. Mavlono Abulfathni esa Ulug\u02bbbek Hirotdan Samarqandga olib kelgan. U islom huquqi va astronomiya fanlarini chuqur bilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jamshid Koshiyning maktubida quyidagi qiziq iborani uchratish mumkin: \u201cSizga [ota] shu narsani ma\u02bclum qilmoqchimanki, men bu sohaga kirganimda hamkasblarim ushbu fanning Ibn Sinolari hisoblanishardi\u201d[13]<\/a>. Mazkur jumla shundan dalolat qiladiki, Ulug\u02bbbek zamonida biror fanni mukammal darajada o\u02bbzlashtirgan odamni o\u02bbsha sohaning Ibn Sinosi deb atash urf bo\u02bblgan. Xuddi bugungi kunda biror kimsa avtomashinani tez haydaganda: \u201cShumaxermisan?\u201d \u2013 degan iborani qo\u02bbllash odat bo\u02bblgani kabi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maktubda Jamshid Koshiy o\u02bbziga Ulug\u02bbbek nomidan shunday yuqori baho beradiki, bir qarashda bunday baho o\u02bbquvchiga nokamtarlikdek tuyuladi. \u201cHazrat [Ulug\u02bbbek], Alloh taolo uning mulki va hukmronligini qiyomatga qadar abadiy qilsin, majlislar va tadbirlarda shuni takror aytadilar: \u201cMavlono G\u02bbiyosiddinning iqtidori ushbu fanda Qozizodaning iqtidoridan ulug\u02bbdir. [Shuningdek] Uning bilimi va salohiyati Qozizodanikidan yuqoridir. Qozizoda bir necha kunlab yechadigan, ba\u02bczan yechimini xato topadigan qiyin masalalarni Mavlono G\u02bbiyosiddin zudlik bilan yechur\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu holat Ulug\u02bbbekka yaqin ilmiy doiralarda kuchli raqobat kechganidan dalolat beradi. Olimlar doim sultondan maqtov eshitish, uning marhamatiga sazovor bo\u02bblishga ishtiyoqmand bo\u02bblganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koshiyning yozishicha, Ulug\u02bbbek observatoriyasining dastlabki chizmalari Ptolomey metodiga asoslangan bo\u02bblib, keyinchalik olimlar bilan o\u02bbtkazilgan maslahatlardan so\u02bbng Ulug\u02bbbek Marog\u02bba observatoriyasi[14]<\/a>\u00a0chizmalariga asoslangan yangi rasadxona qurish bo\u02bbyicha yakuniy to\u02bbxtamga kelgan. Ulug\u02bbbek observatoriyasining perimetri Koshon o\u02bblchov birligida 200\u00a0gaz<\/em>ni tashkil qilgan. Dastlabki chizmalar bo\u02bbyicha rasadxona juda baland bino bo\u02bblishi rejalashtirilgan. Biroq Samarqand g\u02bbishtlari haddan ziyod yuqori binoni ko\u02bbtarolmasligi ehtimolidan uning chizmalariga o\u02bbzgartirish kiritilgan. Bino tomi tekis holatda bo\u02bblib, unga kuzatish ishlarini olib borish uchun astronomik asbob-uskunalar joylashtirish rejalashtirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbekning ilmiy salohiyati haqida to\u02bbxtalib, Koshiy quyidagilarni yozadi: \u201cU [Ulug\u02bbbek] arab tili grammatikasini mukammal biladi va [bu tilda] go\u02bbzal uslubda yozadi. U arabiy, forsiy, turkiy, mo\u02bbg\u02bbuliy va biroz xitoy tilini ham biladi. U Mus\u02bchafi majid (Qur\u02bconi karim)ni to\u02bbliq yod biladi. Qur\u02bconi karim tafsirlari va hikoyatlaridan yaxshi xabardor. Shu darajada yaxshi biladiki, so\u02bbzlaganida Qur\u02bconi karimdan yaxshigina iqtibos keltira oladi. O\u02bbtgan hodisalarni xotirasida kuchli saqlab qoladi. Aruz va qofiya ilmini bag\u02bboyat yaxshi biladi. Anvariyning[15]<\/a>\u00a0devonini to\u02bbliq yod biladi. Zohir Faryobiyning[16]<\/a>\u00a0she\u02bcrlarini ham biladi. Ba\u02bczida o\u02bbzi ham Anvariy uslubida chiroyli she\u02bcr yozib turadi\u201d[17]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koshiyning qayd etishicha, Ulug\u02bbbek favqulodda kuchli xotira egasi bo\u02bblgan. \u201cU [Ulug\u02bbbek]ning xotirasi dunyo mo\u02bbjizalaridan biridir\u201d, \u2013 deydi Koshiy. Ulug\u02bbbek Sultoniya shahridagi yoshlik davridan boshlab qayerda, qaysi joylarda yashaganini haftasi, kunigacha aniq aytib berar, peshin namozini o\u02bbqish uchun qayerda to\u02bbxtab o\u02bbtgani, tunlari qaysi yo\u02bbl bilan yurganigacha aniq yodida saqlagan. Ulug\u02bbbekning mulozimlari uning tarixi yozilgan qaydnomalarni olib kelib, olimlar huzurida o\u02bbqib berganlarida barcha voqea-hodisalar Ulug\u02bbbek aytib bergani bilan aynan o\u02bbxshash bo\u02bblgan. Olimlar Ulug\u02bbbek xotiralari asosida qachon-qayerda bo\u02bblganlarini bilib olganlar va o\u02bbz kundaliklariga qayd qilib olganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koshiyning yozishicha, Ulug\u02bbbek matematikada yuksak mahoratga ega bo\u02bblgan. Bir kuni ovga chiqqanida ot ustida 819 hijriy yilning (1416 y.) dushanba kuni Rajab oyining 10 va 15 sanalari orasida bir voqeaning qachon bo\u02bblganini aniqlamoqchi bo\u02bblgan. U otda keta turib, o\u02bbsha kuni quyosh qaysi gradusda, qaysi soniyada, qanday burj ostida bo\u02bblganini hisoblab chiqadi. Ulug\u02bbbek ushbu hisob-kitobni amalga oshirishni Jamshid Koshiyga ham aytadi. Biroq Koshiy bunday sharoitda xotirada ushbu murakkab hisobni aniqlash imkonsiz ekanini ta\u02bckidlaydi. \u201cHech shubhasiz, men uchratgan birorta munajjim bu hisobni zijsiz amalga oshirolmaydi\u201d, \u2013 deydi Koshiy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir kuni Ulug\u02bbbek \u201cTuhfa\u201d[18]<\/a>\u00a0kitobidagi muammoli masalani yechadi va kitob muallifiga asosli e\u02bctirozlarini bildiradi. Jamshid Koshiy ushbu e\u02bctirozlarni diqqat bilan o\u02bbrganib chiqib, Ulug\u02bbbek aniqlagan har bir holat bo\u02bbyicha o\u02bbz dalillarini olimlar huzurida isbotlab beradi. Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbzi muhokama qilgan ilmiy masalalarni 5-6 oy, hatto yillar o\u02bbtsa ham nozik jihatlarigacha yodda saqlay olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek astronomiya va matematikaga oid ilmiy yangiliklar haqida eshitishni xush ko\u02bbrgan. Jahonning qaysi mamlakatida ushbu fanlarga oid kashfiyotlar bo\u02bblsa, ularni o\u02bbrganib, faoliyatiga tatbiq etishga ishtiyoqmand bo\u02bblgan. Yusuf Halloj ismli shaxsning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Misr, Shom o\u02bblkalarida bo\u02bblib, astronomiya bo\u02bbyicha yangi uskunalarni Samarqandga keltiradi. Jumladan, u \u201czarqala\u201d nomli astronomik jihozni Ulug\u02bbbekka taqdim etadi. O\u02bbz navbatida sulton o\u02bbz olimlariga \u201czarqala\u201dni diqqat bilan o\u02bbrganish bo\u02bbyicha topshiriq beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek davrida matematika fani o\u02bbz ichiga she\u02bcrlarning vazni va aruz ilmini ham qamrab olgan. Jamshid Koshiy o\u02bbz maktubida ushbu yo\u02bbnalish bilan Samarqandga kelibgina shug\u02bbullana boshlaganini ta\u02bckidlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bbbek tarixini o\u02bbrganish yana shu jihati bilan muhimki, bu ulug\u02bb siymo zamonamiz yoshlariga ibrat va namuna bo\u02bblishga munosibdir. Shu jihatdan ham Sulton Ulug\u02bbbekning hayoti va ilmiy merosini tadqiq etish, ulug\u02bb bobomiz haqidagi tarixiy manbalarni xalqimiz orasida ommalashtirish tarixchi olimlar oldida turgan muhim vazifa hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Davlatshoh Samarqandiy. Shoirlar bo\u02bbstoni (\u201cTazkirat ush-shuaro\u201ddan). T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi adabiyot va san\u02bcat nashriyoti, 1981. \u2013 148-149 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Zayniddin Mahmud Vosifiy. Badoe\u02bcul vaqoe\u02bc. T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi adabiyot va san\u02bcat nashriyoti, 1979. \u2013 18-19 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Boqiriy M. Az Samarqand be Koshon. Nomehoye G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid Koshoniy be pedarash. Tehron.: Sharikati inteshoroti ilmiy va farhangiy, 1385. \u2013 41-87 b; Fasix Xavafi. Mudjmal-i Fasixi. Tashkent.: Fan, 1980. \u2013 235 s. Abdurazzoq Samarqandiy. Matlai sa\u02bcdayn va majmai bahrayn. T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2011. \u2013 632 b; Davlatshoh Samarqandiy. Shoirlar bo\u02bbstoni \u00a0(\u201cTazkirat ush-shuaro\u201ddan); Alisher Navoiy. Majolis un-nafois. 13-tom. T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 1997. \u2013 208 b; Abu Tohirxoja Samarqandiy. Samariya. T., 1991.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Bartold V.V. Ulugbek i yego vremya. Petrograd.: Tipografiya Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk, 1918. \u2013 B.160; Kar\u044b-Niyazov. T.N. Observatoriya Ulugbeka v svete nov\u044bx dann\u044bx. Nauchnaya sessiya AN UzSSR, Tashkent, 1947; Axmedov B. Ulugbek. \u2013 Tashkent.: Kamalak, 1994. \u2013 208 s; Yusupova D.Yu. Pismo Giyas ad-Dina Kashi k svoyemu otsu iz Samarkanda v Kashan. \u2013 V sb.: Iz istorii nauki epoxi Ulugbeka. \u2013 T., 1989, S. 37-64. Axmedov A. Ulug\u02bbbek Muhammad Tarag\u02bbay. \u2013 Toshkent.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2011. \u2013 48 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Alisher Navoiy. Majolis un-nafois. \u2013 166 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Davlatshoh Samarqandiy. Shoirlar bo\u02bbstoni (\u201cTazkirat ush-shuaro\u201ddan). \u2013 148 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma. T.: \u201cO\u02bbqituvchi\u201d nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2008. \u2013 56 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0Boqiriy M. Az Samarqand be Koshon. Nomehoye G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid Koshoniy be pedarash. \u2013 41-87 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Muhandis \u2013 geometriya bilan shug\u02bbullanuvchi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0Rasad \u2013 osmon jismlari harakatlarini kuzatish.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>Boqiriy M. Az Samarqand be Koshon. Nomehoye G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid Koshoniy be pedarash. \u2013 42 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/a>\u00a0Mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdori Kepakxon (1318-1326) nomi bilan ataladigan pul birligi. Kepakxon 1321 yilda Movarounnahrda pul islohotini o\u02bbtkazgan. U yangi pul birligi \u2013 \u201ckepakiy\u201dni muomalaga kiritgan. 1 dinor kepakiy ikki misqol kumush yoki olti dirhamga teng bo\u02bblgan. Ushbu tangalar Samarqand, Buxoro, Balx shaharlarida zarb qilingan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[13]<\/a>\u00a0Boqiriy M. Az Samarqand be Koshon. Nomehoye G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid Koshoniy be pedarash.\u2013 42 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[14]<\/a>\u00a0Marog\u02bba observatoriyasi \u2013 1259 yilda mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hukmdori Hulaguxon ko\u02bbrsatmasi asosida Nosiriddin Tusiy boshchiligida Eronda qurilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[15]<\/a>\u00a0Anvariy Obivardiy (vaf. \u2013 1190 y.) \u2013 saljuqiy hukmdor Sulton Sanjar saroyining mashhur xurosonlik shoiri.<\/span><\/div>\n
[16]<\/a>\u00a0Zohir Faryobiy (vaf. \u2013 1201 y.). To\u02bbliq ismi Zohiruddin Abulfazl Tohir ibn Muhammad. Faryob shahrida tug\u02bbilgan. Nishopur, Isfahon va Tabriz shaharlarida yashagan. Tabrizda vafot etgan. Turli fanlarni yaxshi bilgan. Qasidalari mashhur bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[17]<\/a>\u00a0Boqiriy M. Az Samarqand be Koshon. Nomehoye G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid Koshoniy be pedarash.\u2013 43 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[18]<\/a>\u201cTuhfatush-shohiya fi-l-hay\u02bca\u201d (Astronomiya ilmi bo\u02bbyicha shohona tuhfa). Muallifi \u2013 Qutbiddin Sheroziy (1236-1311).<\/span><\/div>\n
Shahzod ISLOMOV<\/strong>,<\/span>
\ntarix fanlari bo\u02bbyicha falsafa doktori (PhD)<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Sh.Mirziyoyev Toshkent shahrining qadimiy va mo\u02bbtabar maskani \u2013 Hastimom dahasida barpo etilayotgan Islom sivilizatsiyasi markazi binosi bilan tanishib, uning asosiy peshtog\u02bbini qurishda Samarqanddagi Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasidan andoza olish kerakligi haqida g\u02bboyat muhim taklifni ilgari surdilar. Ushbu taklifning tarixiy ahamiyatini anglash uchun sulton Ulug\u02bbbek hayoti va ilmiy merosini chuqur o\u02bbrganish katta ahamiyatga ega. \u201c[Ulug\u02bbbek …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25833&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25833&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-14T03:54:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-13T14:54:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_182.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25833&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25833&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K TARIXIGA OID MUHIM MANBA - 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