{"id":25828,"date":"2022-12-13T13:13:34","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T08:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25828"},"modified":"2022-12-13T13:13:34","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T08:13:34","slug":"kalom-ilmi-tarixi-va-ta%ca%bclimoti-o%ca%bbrta-osiyoda-kalom-ilmining-rivojlanishi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimoti\u00a0 bo\u02bbyicha\u00a0 barcha\u00a0 payg\u02bbambarlar\u00a0 yagona\u00a0 Allohga\u00a0 imon\u00a0keltirishga chaqirganlar va bu ularning eng asosiy vazifasi hisoblangan. Shu bilan birga ularning shariati turlicha bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlar\u00a0 islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0 Muhammad\u00a0 payg\u02bbambar\u00a0 (a.s.)dan\u00a0 o\u02bbrganganlar.\u00a0 Vaqt o\u02bbtishi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0 faqat\u00a0 shu\u00a0 dinni\u00a0 yaxshi\u00a0 bilgan\u00a0 olimlar\u00a0 tushuntira\u00a0 boshladilar.\u00a0 Bu ta\u02bclimotni\u00a0 tushuntiruvchi\u00a0 fan\u00a0 paydo\u00a0 bo\u02bbldi.\u00a0 Mazkur \u00a0fan\u00a0 turli\u00a0 davrlarda\u00a0 o\u02bbziga\u00a0 xos\u00a0 \u201cal-fiqh\u00a0 al-akbar\u201d,\u00a0 \u201ctavhid\u201d,\u00a0 \u201caqida\u201d,\u00a0 \u201ckalom\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cusul\u00a0 ad-din\u201d\u00a0 kabi\u00a0 nomlar\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 ataldi.\u00a0 Uning\u00a0 nomlari turlicha bo\u02bblsada, bir mavzuni, ya\u02bcni aqidani o\u02bbrganishga qaratilgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAl-Fiqh\u00a0 al-akbar\u201d\u00a0 atamasini\u00a0 birinchi\u00a0 bo\u02bblib\u00a0 imom\u00a0 Abu\u00a0 Hanifa\u00a0 ishlatgan\u00a0 va\u00a0 shu\u00a0 nom bilan\u00a0 risola\u00a0 yozgan.\u00a0 Chunonchi\u00a0 fiqh\u00a0 so\u02bbzi\u00a0 biror\u00a0 narsani\u00a0 o\u02bbta\u00a0 yaxshi,\u00a0 har\u00a0 tomonlama\u00a0 tushunib, fahmlash ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. Shuningdek, namoz, ro\u02bbza, haj, nikoh va boshqa amaliy hukmlarni o\u02bbrganuvchi ilmga ham fiqh deyiladi. Aqidaviy masalalarni o\u02bbrganuvchi ilmni esa, \u201cAl-Fiqh al-Akbar\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201ckatta fiqh\u201d, amaliy fiqh esa, kichik fiqh hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi atama \u201cusul ad-din\u201d bo\u02bblib, unda shariat va dindan olingan e\u02bctiqodiy hukmlarni o\u02bbrganadi,\u00a0 ya\u02bcni\u00a0 dindagi\u00a0 asl\u00a0 hukmlarni\u00a0 tadqiq\u00a0 etadi.\u00a0 Bir\u00a0 qator\u00a0 olimlar\u00a0 shu\u00a0 nom\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 kitoblar ta\u02bclif etganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTavhid\u201d\u00a0 ham\u00a0 Allohning\u00a0 yagonaligini,\u00a0 uning\u00a0 sifatlarini\u00a0 o\u02bbrganishga\u00a0 e\u02bctibor\u00a0 qaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunda Allohni yagona deb bilib, uning sifatlarini qilishga ko\u02bbproq e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Zero, inson uchun zarur aqidalarning eng avvali Allohning vahdoniyatiga,\u00a0 ya\u02bcni\u00a0 yakkaligiga imon keltirish va uni o\u02bbrganish hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana\u00a0 bir\u00a0 atama\u00a0 \u201ckalom\u00a0 ilmi\u201d\u00a0 deb\u00a0 yuritiladi.\u00a0 Islom\u00a0 manbalarda\u00a0 aqida\u00a0 ilmining\u00a0 yeng mashhur\u00a0 nomlaridan\u00a0 biri\u00a0 ekani\u00a0 aytilgan.\u00a0 Ushbu\u00a0 atama\u00a0 aqidaga\u00a0 oid\u00a0 ishlarning\u00a0 mashhuri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAqida\u201d\u00a0 (ko\u02bbp.\u00a0 Aqoid)\u00a0 bu\u00a0 nom\u00a0 boshqalaridan\u00a0 keyinroq,\u00a0 X\u00a0 (hijriy\u00a0 IV)\u00a0 asrda\u00a0 paydo bo\u02bblgan. \u201cAqida\u201d bir narsani ikkinchisiga \u201cmahkam bog\u02bblash\u201d\u00a0 ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi. Islom aqidasi musulmon\u00a0 insonni\u00a0 muayyan\u00a0 tushunchalar\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 mustahkam\u00a0 bog\u02bblab\u00a0 turadigan\u00a0 e\u02bctiqodlar yig\u02bbindisi.\u00a0 Ya\u02bcni,\u00a0 biror\u00a0 narsaga\u00a0 e\u02bctiqod\u00a0 qilish\u00a0 uchun\u00a0 uni\u00a0 hech\u00a0 qanday\u00a0 shubha\u00a0 qoldirmaydigan darajada\u00a0 juda\u00a0 yaxshi\u00a0 bilishdir.\u00a0 Ma\u02bclum\u00a0 bir\u00a0 fikr\u00a0 insonning\u00a0 fikriga\u00a0 aylanib,\u00a0 his-tuyg\u02bbularini<\/span><\/p>\n

yo\u02bbllaydigan\u00a0 va\u00a0 harakatlarini\u00a0 boshqaradigan\u00a0 holga\u00a0 yetganda,\u00a0 aqidaga\u00a0 aylangan\u00a0 bo\u02bbladi.\u00a0 Aqida ilmga asoslangani uchun aqida ilmi to\u02bbg\u02bbri, sog\u02bblom e\u02bctiqodda bo\u02bblishni ta\u02bcminlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dindagi\u00a0 ayrim\u00a0 shar\u02bciy\u00a0 hukmlar\u00a0 o\u02bbzgarishi\u00a0 mumkin.\u00a0 Ammo\u00a0 sof\u00a0 e\u02bctiqod\u00a0 o\u02bbzgarmaydi, hukmi ham\u00a0 o\u02bbchmaydi.\u00a0 Chunonchi\u00a0 Allohning\u00a0 yagonaligi,\u00a0 farishtalar, jannat\u00a0 va do\u02bbzaxga imon keltirish kabi e\u02bctiqodga oid qarashlar o\u02bbzgarmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKalom\u201d\u00a0 so\u02bbzi\u00a0 arabcha\u00a0 bo\u02bblib,\u00a0 lug\u02bbatda\u00a0 gap,\u00a0 suhbat,\u00a0 til,\u00a0 so\u02bbzlashuv,\u00a0 nutq,\u00a0 bayon ma\u02bcnolarini\u00a0 anglatadi.\u00a0 Istilohiy\u00a0 ma\u02bcnoda\u00a0 esa,\u00a0 musulmonning\u00a0 e\u02bctiqodi,\u00a0 aqidasi,\u00a0 dunyoqarashini ko\u02bbrsatib\u00a0 beruvchi\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotga\u00a0 aytiladi.\u00a0 Boshqacha\u00a0 aytganda\u00a0 balog\u02bbatga\u00a0 yetgan\u00a0 musulmon kishining\u00a0 e\u02bctiqod\u00a0 qilishi,\u00a0 imon\u00a0 keltirishi,\u00a0 islom\u00a0 dinining\u00a0 zaruratlari\u00a0 shaklida\u00a0 tasdiq\u00a0 qilishi, qalbiga mahkam bog\u02bblab olib undan ajralishi mumkin bo\u02bblmagan shar\u02bciy e\u02bctiqodiy hukmlardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarix jarayonida olimlar ushub nomlarga oid kitoblar yozib qoldirganlar. Masalan, imom Abu Hanifa \u201cal-Fiqh al-akbar\u201d, Abul Hasan Ash\u02bcariy \u201cal-Ibona an usul ad-diyona\u201d, Abul Muin Nasafiy\u00a0 \u201cTabsirat\u00a0 al-adilla\u00a0 fi\u00a0 usul\u00a0 ad-din\u201d,\u00a0 Moturidiy\u00a0 \u201cKitob\u00a0 at-Tavhid\u201d,\u00a0 Abu\u00a0 Hafs\u00a0 Nasafiy \u201cAqoid\u201d nomli va boshqa olimlarning asarlarini keltirish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom ta\u02bclimotiga ko\u02bbra insonning ikki dunyodagi saodati aynan aqidasiga bog\u02bbliq. Agar musulmonning aqidasi pok bo\u02bblsa, yo\u02bbli to\u02bbg\u02bbri bo\u02bbladi, qilgan barcha amallari qabul bo\u02bbladi va bandalik\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 sodir\u00a0 etgan\u00a0 ba\u02bczi\u00a0 gunohlari\u00a0 afv\u00a0 etiladi.\u00a0 Biroq\u00a0 kishi\u00a0 aqidasi\u00a0 sof\u00a0 bo\u02bblmasa,\u00a0 buzuq bo\u02bblsa,\u00a0 yo\u02bbli\u00a0 noto\u02bbg\u02bbri\u00a0 bo\u02bbladi,\u00a0 qilgan\u00a0 amallari\u00a0 behuda\u00a0 ketadi\u00a0 va\u00a0 oxiratda\u00a0 jahannam\u00a0 ahlidan bo\u02bbladi deb hisoblanadi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aqida\u00a0 masalasi\u00a0 o\u02bbta\u00a0 muhim\u00a0 bo\u02bblganidan\u00a0 eng\u00a0 birinchi\u00a0 payg\u02bbambardan\u00a0 boshlab,\u00a0 oxirgi Muhammad\u00a0 payg\u02bbambar\u00a0 (a.s.)gacha\u00a0 bu\u00a0 masalani\u00a0 Allohning\u00a0 o\u02bbzi\u00a0 ko\u02bbrsatib\u00a0 bergan.\u00a0 Shuning uchun\u00a0 aqidaviy\u00a0 qarashlarning\u00a0 asosi\u00a0 Qur\u02bconda\u00a0 berilgan\u00a0 va\u00a0 hadislardagi\u00a0 ko\u02bbrsatmalar\u00a0 negizida ishlab chiqilib, tartibga solingan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalar tiriklik paytidayoq aqidaviy qarama-qarshilik paydo bo\u02bblgan. Islomda aqidaviy ixtiloflar\u00a0 to\u02bbrtinchi\u00a0 xalifa\u00a0 sahoba\u00a0 Alining\u00a0 qo\u02bbshinidagi\u00a0 askarlari\u00a0 ichidan\u00a0 ajrab\u00a0 chiqqan,\u00a0 aqiyda masalasida\u00a0 bir\u00a0 necha\u00a0 shubhali\u00a0 savollar\u00a0 chiqargan\u00a0 xorijiylar\u00a0 toifasi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 Ali\u00a0 va\u00a0 u\u00a0 kishining Abdulloh ibn Abbos roziyallohu anhuga o\u02bbxshash yaqin safdoshlari orasida bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtdi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalar davri tugab tobeinlar vaqtida vaziyat yanada o\u02bbzgardi. Chunki bu davrga kelib din\u00a0 ilmlarini,\u00a0 ayniqsa,\u00a0 aqidani\u00a0 biluvchi\u00a0 kishilar\u00a0 kamaydi\u00a0 va\u00a0 ular\u00a0 alohida\u00a0 shaxs\u00a0 sifatida\u00a0 ajralib chiqdilar.\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 davrda\u00a0 sof\u00a0 aqidaviy\u00a0 qarashlarga\u00a0 qarshi\u00a0 turli\u00a0 g\u02bboyalarni\u00a0 ilgari\u00a0 surgan\u00a0 firqa\u00a0 va toifalarning tarqalishi kengayib ketgan edi. Ular o\u02bbzlarining buzuq, islomga oid bo\u02bblmagan fikr va qarashlarini, e\u02bctiqodlarini tarqatib, islomning aqidasini buzishga harakat qilganlar. Shuningdek,\u00a0fath\u00a0 yetilgan\u00a0 yerlardagi\u00a0 xalqlarning\u00a0 eski\u00a0 qarashlari,\u00a0 falsafalari,\u00a0 dinlari\u00a0 haqidagi\u00a0 o\u02bbz\u00a0 tushuncha\u00a0 va tafakkurlari\u00a0 mavjud\u00a0 bo\u02bblgan.\u00a0 Shuning\u00a0 sababidan\u00a0 ular\u00a0 islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0 tushunib\u00a0 olishlari\u00a0 qiyin kechgan.\u00a0 Qur\u02bcon\u00a0 oyatlari\u00a0 va\u00a0 hadislarni\u00a0 o\u02bbzlarining\u00a0 eski\u00a0 qarashlari\u00a0 asosida\u00a0 tushunishlari\u00a0 ham bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunga\u00a0 bir\u00a0 necha\u00a0 sabablar\u00a0 bor:\u00a0 fath\u00a0 ishlari\u00a0 sababli\u00a0 islom\u00a0 yerlari\u00a0 kengaydi.\u00a0 Islom dushmanlari\u00a0 esa,\u00a0 islom\u00a0 nomidan\u00a0 turli\u00a0 g\u02bboyalarni\u00a0 tarqatishga\u00a0 uringanlar;\u00a0 fath\u00a0 etilgan\u00a0 yerlardagi joylik\u00a0 aholi\u00a0 o\u02bbzining\u00a0 eski\u00a0 dinlari\u00a0 aqidasiga\u00a0 mos\u00a0 tarzda\u00a0 oyat\u00a0 va\u00a0 hadislarni\u00a0 tushunishi\u00a0 natijasida turli\u00a0 g\u02bboyalar\u00a0 yuzaga\u00a0 keldi\u00a0 va\u00a0 boshqa\u00a0 sabablar\u00a0 orqali\u00a0 musulmonlar\u00a0 orasida\u00a0 noto\u02bbg\u02bbri,\u00a0 islomga mos bo\u02bblmagan qarashlar paydo bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom ta\u02bclimotini buzib talqin qilish natijasida ularga raddiya sifatida olimlar kalom, ya\u02bcni aqida\u00a0 ilmiga\u00a0 asos\u00a0 qo\u02bbydilar.\u00a0 Bu\u00a0 musulmonlar\u00a0 uchun\u00a0 zarur\u00a0 sohaga\u00a0 aylandi.\u00a0 Har\u00a0 bir\u00a0 musulmon kishi\u00a0 buni\u00a0 bilishi\u00a0 shart\u00a0 bo\u02bblgan\u00a0 majburiy\u00a0 ilmga\u00a0 aylandi.\u00a0 Chunonchi\u00a0 Sa\u02bcduddin\u00a0 Taftazoniy \u201cMaqosid\u00a0 at-tolibin\u201d\u00a0 asarida:\u00a0 \u201cKalom\u00a0 ilmi\u00a0 diniy\u00a0 aqoid\u00a0 usullarini\u00a0 ishonchli\u00a0 dalillar\u00a0 asosida anglashni\u00a0 o\u02bbrgatadigan\u00a0 ilmdir.\u00a0 U\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 shar\u02bciy,\u00a0 nazariy,\u00a0 aqidaviy\u00a0 masalalar\u00a0 hal\u00a0 qilinadi.\u00a0 Uning natijasi\u00a0 imonga\u00a0 komil\u00a0 ishonch\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 ziynat\u00a0 berish,\u00a0 foydasi\u00a0 esa\u00a0 bu\u00a0 dunyoda\u00a0 intizomli\u00a0 hayot kechirish\u00a0 va\u00a0 oxiratda\u00a0 azob-uqubatdan\u00a0 xalos\u00a0 bo\u02bblishdir.\u00a0 Shunday\u00a0 ekan\u00a0 kalom\u00a0 ilmi\u00a0 eng\u00a0 sharafli ilmdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Homid G\u02bbazzoliy o\u02bbzining \u201cIhyo ulum ad-din\u201d nomli asarida: \u201c\u2026Chuqur bilimga ega bo\u02bblmagan\u00a0 oddiy\u00a0 musulmonlarning\u00a0 diniy\u00a0 e\u02bctiqodlarini\u00a0 turli\u00a0 bid\u02bcat\u00a0 va\u00a0 noto\u02bbg\u02bbri\u00a0 g\u02bboyalardan qo\u02bbriqlash uchun kalom ilmini o\u02bbrganish vojibdir\u201d, degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagilardan\u00a0 kelib\u00a0 chiqib\u00a0 aytish\u00a0 mumkinki,\u00a0 aqoid\u00a0 yoki\u00a0 kalom\u00a0 ilmining\u00a0 vazifasi:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

a) diniy e\u02bctiqodlarni qat\u02bciy dalillar bilan isbotlash va ular haqidagi shubha hamda gumonlarni rad qilish;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0 insonni\u00a0 aqidada\u00a0 oddiy\u00a0 taqlidchi\u00a0 bo\u02bblishdan\u00a0 har\u00a0 bir\u00a0 e\u02bctiqodga\u00a0 hujjat\u00a0 keltira\u00a0 olish darajasiga\u00a0 ko\u02bbtarish;<\/span><\/p>\n

v)\u00a0 islomning\u00a0 sof\u00a0 e\u02bctiqodlarini\u00a0 adashgan\u00a0 zalolat\u00a0 ahlining\u00a0 shubha\u00a0 va\u00a0gumonlaridan himoya qilish.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalom ilmi rivojlanish tarixi.\u00a0<\/strong>Kalom ilmi sahobalar davrida mavjud bo\u02bblmagan deyishga ham asosimiz bor, chunki sahobalar Payg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.)ning mutashobih oyatlar, ixtilofli masalalarga to\u02bbla kirishib ketishdan taqiqlariga to\u02bbla amal qilganlar va bu davrda mutashobih oyatlar va aqidaviy masalalarda bahsu munozara qiladigan inson namoyon bo\u02bblmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buning sababi, Ibn Abbos r.a. zikr qilganidek, qalbga shak-shubha tushishidan saqlanish edi.\u00a0Sahobalar yashagan asrda birinchi bor mutashobih oyatlar haqida so\u02bbragan odam Abdulloh ibn Subayg\u02bb ismli kishi bo\u02bblib, u Madinaga kelib odamlar orasida mutashobih oyatlar haqidagi savollarni tarqata boshlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu haqda Umar r.a. eshitganlarida uni huzuriga chaqirib, qattiq ogohlantirgan. Ibn Subayg\u02bb bu haqda savol so\u02bbramaslikka va\u02bcda bergan, biroq keyinchalik va\u02bcdasiga xilof ish tutgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umar r.a. voliy Abu Muso al-Ash\u02bcariyga maktub yozib musulmonlarni Ibn Subayg\u02bb bilan hamsuhbat bo\u02bblishdan taqiqlashini talab qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bcon va hadisda aniq yechimi bo\u02bblmagan, e\u02bctiqodga taalluqli bo\u02bblgan ishtibohli masalalar haqidadir. Mazkur ulamolarning kalom haqidagi fikrlari ham shu xususdan deb hisoblashimiz mumkin. Ammo \u201cKalom ilmi\u201ddan islom aqidasini, tavhid ilmini nazarda tutilsa, Payg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.) hadislarida bunga targ\u02bbibni ham ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu borada kalom ilmini yoqlovchi tarafdagi ulamolar fikriga e\u02bctibor qaratamiz. Ular shunday deydilar: Agar kalom so\u02bbzining lafziga e\u02bctibor bersak, ko\u02bbramizki bu so\u02bbz Payg\u02bbambar (s.a.v.) sahobalari davrida ilmiy atama sifatida, biror ilmning nomi sifatida iste\u02bcmolda bo\u02bblmaganki, tafsir, hadis, aqida, fiqh kabi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Agar kalom ilmining ma\u02bcnosida xatarli narsa bor desak, u holda bizning iste\u02bcmolimizdagi kalom ilmi ma\u02bcno jihatdan olamning paydo bo\u02bblganligi, uning paydo qiluvchisi borligi, bu yaratuvchining yagonaligi, uning sifatlarini o\u02bbrganishga xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Endi savol tug\u02bbiladi: Allohni tanishlik qanaqasiga harom bo\u02bbladi? Agar kalom ilmidan ko\u02bbzlangan maqsad firqalanish, taassub, dushmanlik va boshqa salbiy illatlar bo\u02bblsa, u holda bu harom bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavhid.<\/strong>\u00a0Tavhid (arab \u2013 yakkaxudolik)- umumiy ma\u02bcnoda \u2013 yakkaxudolik haqidagi ta\u02bclimot (qarang Vahdoniyat). Shar\u02bciy istilohda esa, Tavhid \u2013 islomda Allohga shirk keltirishning turli ko\u02bbrinishlaridan voz kechish va Allohning birligiga e\u02bctiqod qilish.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavhid islomda (sunniylikda ham, shialikda ham) rasman e\u02bctirof etilgan aqidalarning birinchisi, mohiyatan, asosiy va markaziy aqida. Mazmunan shunday tasavvurni ifoda etgani uchun Qur\u02bconning 112 \u201cIxlos\u201d surasi ham ba\u02bczan Tavhid surasi deb yuritiladi<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavhid bu Allohni ibodatda yagona qilish ya\u02bcni ibodatni faqatgina yagona Allohga qilish qaysiki, Alloh bu dunyoni o\u02bbsha (ibodat) uchun yaratdi. Alloh taolo Qur\u02bconi Karimda aytganidek:\u00a0\u201cMen (Alloh) jin va insni faqat (Yagona) O\u02bbzimga ibodat qilishlari uchun yaratdim\u201d Va-z-zoriyot surasi 51-56) (bu yerda ibodatning ma\u02bcnosi shuki, barcha ibodat turlarida tavhid (yagona Allohga qilish) va faqatgina Allohga duo qilish)<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bconi Karimda quyidagi Tavhid turlari tasvirlanadi:\u00a0Alloh aytadi: \u201c(ey Muhammad), qasamki, agar siz ulardan (mushriklardan): \u201cOsmonlar va yerni kim yaratgan?\u201d deb so\u02bbrasangiz, albatta: \u201cularni Eng Qudratli va Eng dono (Barcha narsalarni biluvchi Alloh) yaratgan\u201d, derlar\u201d (Zuxruf surasi 43-9).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavhid Ar-Rububiyah \u2013 bu yagona Allohning Rabb va Yaratuvchi ekanligiga iymon keltirish. Haqiqatan ham, kofirlar (mushrik, Allohdan o\u02bbzgaga ibodat qiluvchilar) bunga iymon keltirishgan, ammo bu ularning Islomga kirishiga kafil (sabab, yetarli) bo\u02bblmadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tavhid Al-Uluhiyah \u2013 bu Allohni barcha shar\u02bciy ibodat turlarida, ya\u02bcni masalan, duo qilish, yordam so\u02bbrash, namoz o\u02bbqish, qurbonlik so\u02bbyish, tavof qilish (Ka\u02bcbani), qasam ichish va hokazolarda tavhid qilish (Yagona Allohga qilish).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tavhid turi kofirlar (mushriklar) tomonidan rad etilgan hamda millatlar va ularga tegishli (yuborilgan) payg\u02bbambarlar o\u02bbrtasidagi qarama-qarshilik, kelishmovchilikning Nuh davridan Muhammad (sallallohu alayhi va sallam) davrigacha asosiy sababi (manbasi) bo\u02bblib kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xayrullo MARDONOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u201cXoja Buxoriy\u201d o\u02bbrta maxsus <\/strong><\/span>islom bilim yurti o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimoti\u00a0 bo\u02bbyicha\u00a0 barcha\u00a0 payg\u02bbambarlar\u00a0 yagona\u00a0 Allohga\u00a0 imon\u00a0keltirishga chaqirganlar va bu ularning eng asosiy vazifasi hisoblangan. Shu bilan birga ularning shariati turlicha bo\u02bblgan. Musulmonlar\u00a0 islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0 Muhammad\u00a0 payg\u02bbambar\u00a0 (a.s.)dan\u00a0 o\u02bbrganganlar.\u00a0 Vaqt o\u02bbtishi\u00a0 bilan\u00a0 islom\u00a0 ta\u02bclimotini\u00a0 faqat\u00a0 shu\u00a0 dinni\u00a0 yaxshi\u00a0 bilgan\u00a0 olimlar\u00a0 tushuntira\u00a0 boshladilar.\u00a0 Bu ta\u02bclimotni\u00a0 tushuntiruvchi\u00a0 fan\u00a0 paydo\u00a0 bo\u02bbldi.\u00a0 Mazkur \u00a0fan\u00a0 turli\u00a0 davrlarda\u00a0 o\u02bbziga\u00a0 xos\u00a0 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\"},\"description\":\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg\",\"width\":660,\"height\":330},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\",\"name\":\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"description\":\"bukhari.uz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\",\"name\":\"Markaz\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","og_description":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI","og_url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz","og_site_name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/","article_published_time":"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":660,"height":330,"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Markaz","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_site":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Markaz","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz","name":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg","datePublished":"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00","dateModified":"2022-12-13T08:13:34+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c"},"description":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_181.jpg","width":660,"height":330},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25828&lang=oz#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"KALOM ILMI TARIXI VA TA\u02bcLIMOTI, O\u02bbRTA OSIYODA KALOM ILMINING RIVOJLANISHI"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/","name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"bukhari.uz","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c","name":"Markaz","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/"],"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25828"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25829,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25828\/revisions\/25829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/25827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}