{"id":25575,"date":"2022-11-23T10:25:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T05:25:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25575"},"modified":"2022-11-23T10:25:29","modified_gmt":"2022-11-23T05:25:29","slug":"muhammad-shayboniy-asarlarida-xalqaro-munosabatlar-tartibga-solinishining-o%ca%bbziga-xos-xususiyatlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25575&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MUHAMMAD SHAYBONIY ASARLARIDA XALQARO MUNOSABATLAR TARTIBGA SOLINISHINING O\u02bbZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom olamida keng tarqalgan va ko\u02bbpchilik musulmonlar ergashuvchi fiqhiy maktablardan bo\u02bblgan hanafiy mazhabining yaxlit mazhab sifatida shakllanishi, mazhabga doir fatvolarni jamlab saralanishi va bugungi kungacha yetib kelishida Imomi A\u02bczamning xos shogirdi Muhammad Shayboniyning xizmat katta. Imom Muhammad hanafiy mazhabining zabardast faqihlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz asarlari bilan hanafiylikni tizimlashtirish va yoyishda katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Shayboniy o\u02bbz davrida yuzaga kelgan turli huquqiy masalalarning yechimini topishda muvaffaqiyat qozondi. U o\u02bbzining ikki ustozi Abu Hanifa va Abu Yusufdan farqli ravishda ilmiy munozaralar, amaliy faoliyat bilan birga kitob yozishga ham jiddiy e\u02bctibor berdi va mana bir necha asrlardan beri hanafiylik fiqhining klassik manbalari, metodologiyasini tadqiq etishda aynan uning asarlari, xususan, \u201cZohir ar\u00adrivoya\u201d kitoblari nodir manba bo\u02bblib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cZohir ar\u00adrivoya\u201d asarlari hanafiylik fiqhida murojaat qilinadigan asosiy manbalardir. Mazkur asar tarkibiga kiruvchi kitoblar orasida xalqaro munosabatlarni tartibga solishga qaratilgan \u201cas-Siyar al-kabir\u201d, \u201cas-Siyar as\u00adsag\u02bbir\u201d ham mavjud. Ushbu kitoblar islom xalqaro huquqiga oid muhim manbalar bo\u02bblib, xalqaro munosabatlarning turli obyektlariga oid normalar jam bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad ibn Hasan ushbu asarida islom tamoyillaridan kelib chiqib xalqaro shartnomalarning tuzilishi, urushlarni olib borish, elchilik munosabatlarining huquqiy jihatlarini yoritib beradi. Manbalarga ko\u02bbra, kitobni yozib bo\u02bblgach, Muhammad ibn Hasan uni yetmishta daftarga ko\u02bbchirishni va aravaga ortib, xalifaning saroyiga olib borishni aytadi. Muhammad ibn Hasanning kitob yozganligi va bu kitobni aravaga ortibgina keltira olganlari aytilganda, xalifa hayratga tushadi. Uni ko\u02bbrganda xalifaning hayrati yanada oshadi. So\u02bbng farzandlarini ushbu kitobni o\u02bbrganishlari uchun Muhammad ibn Hasanning darslariga yuboradi. Kitobning\u00a0 rivoyat qilinishi va bizgacha yetib kelishidagi qiziq jihat shundaki, xalifa farzandlarining tarbiyachisi Ismoyil ibn Tavba Qazviniy bolalarni nazorat qilish uchun ular bilan darsga kelar va kitobni eshitardi. Kitobni rivoyat qilganlarning biri Abu Sulaymon Jo\u02bbzjoniy bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchisi shahzodalarning tarbiyachisi bo\u02bblganiga ittifoq qilingan[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Shayboniyning islom xalqaro munosabatlari rivojidagi muhim hissalaridan biri uning hudud tushunchasi, ya\u02bcni davlatlarning e\u02bctiqodiy qarashalaridan qat\u02bciy nazar ular bilan tinchlik munosabatiga kirishish yo\u02bbllarini ko\u02bbrsatib bergani bilan bog\u02bbliq. Ma\u02bclumki, dastlab islom xalqaro huquqiga ko\u02bbra dunyoning ikki hududiy qismga \u201cdorul islom\u201d va \u201cdorul harb\u201dga bo\u02bblinishi qabul qilingan edi. \u201cDorul islom\u201d bu islom hukmlari zohir bo\u02bblgan hududlar[2]<\/a>. Imom Muhammadning fikricha, \u201cdorul islom\u201d musulmonlar ixtiyoridagi yurt bo\u02bblib, undagi\u00a0 musulmonlar har qanday xavf-xatardan xoli bo\u02bbladilar. Bunday hududda istiqomat qilayotgan barcha aholi, xususan, musulmonlar yoki o\u02bbzga din vakillari (zimmiylar) o\u02bbzaro teng hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDorul harb\u201d esa islom ta\u02bclimotini poymol qilishga qaratilgan, musulmonlarning musulmon bo\u02bblgani uchun zug\u02bbum ostiga olishga qaratilgan qoidalar amal qiladigan hududlar hisoblangan[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Shayboniy xalqaro hududga oid yuqoridagi qarashlarni yanada kengaytirdi. U o\u02bbz asarlarida hudud kategoriyasiga \u201cdorul ahd\u201d tushunchani kiritgan ilk faqih hisoblanadi[4]<\/a>. \u201cDorul islom\u201d, \u201cdorul harb\u201d va \u201cdorul ahd\u201d tushunchalarini zamonaviy xalqaro huquqdagi davlat hududlari bilan ham solishtirish mumkin. \u201cDorul islom\u201d \u2013 musulmonlar istiqomat qiladigan mamlakatlar hududi bo\u02bblsa, \u201cDorul harb\u201d musulmon bo\u02bblmagan va musulmonlarga qarshi siyosat olib boruvchi davlatlarning hududi, \u201cDorul ahd\u201d esa o\u02bbzga din vakillari rahbarligidagi hamda musulmon mamlakatlari bilan hamkorlik aloqalarini yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbygan davlatlar suvereniteti ostidagi hududlardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shayboniyga ko\u02bbra, dastlab \u201cdorul harb\u201d bo\u02bblgan va musulmonlar bilan shartnoma tuzgan mamlakatlarning hududlari \u201cdorul ahd\u201dga aylanadi. Natijada, islom dini vakillari bilan tinchlik shartnomalariga ega bo\u02bblgan g\u02bbayridin o\u02bblkalarga ham behuda hujum qilishdan qaytariladi. Bu esa tinchlikni asrashdagi muhim qadam sanaladi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Xalqaro munosabatlarda bir hududni boshqa bir davlat tomonidan tan olish uni e\u02bctirof etish hisoblanadi. Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniyning \u201cdorul harb\u201d bilan shartnoma tuzish orqali ularning \u201cdorul ahd\u201dga aylanishi borasidagi fikrlari islom xalqaro huquqidagi o\u02bbziga xos sodda bo\u02bblsa\u00adda, tan olish institutining vujudga kelishiga asos bo\u02bblganini aytish kerak. Shu asosda islom xalqaro huquqida hududlar masalasida yana bir yangi tushuncha shartnoma tuzilgan davlatlar haqidagi qarashlar vujudga keldi. Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniyning bu xizmati evaziga islom xalqaro huquqida hududlar uch turga tasniflanadigan bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yevropalik huquqshunos olim Xolid Ramazon Bashir o\u02bbzining \u201cIslom xalqaro huquqining tarixiy asoslari va Muhammad Shayboniyning Siyari\u201d nomli asarida Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniyning xalqaro munosabatlarni tartibga solishdagi o\u02bbriniga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Xususan, asarda Muhammad Shayboniyning xalqaro huquqqa oid qarashlarini Yevropa mutafakkirlari \u2013 Avreliyey Avgustin, Gratsian, Foma Akvinskiy, Vitoriya, Gugo Grotsiylarning xalqaro huquqning shakllanishi va rivojlanishiga qo\u02bbshgan hissalari bilan qiyoslab tahlil qilishga alohida o\u02bbrin ajratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallifning alohida ta\u02bckidlashicha, Muhammad Shayboniy shu vaqtgacha Yevropaliklar uchun malum bo\u02bblmagan xalqaro huquq nazariyasiga aniqlik kiritishga erishgan, uning \u201cas-Siyar al-kabir\u201d asari islom sivilizatsiyasining mahsuli bo\u02bblmish islom xalqaro huquqiga oid eng mukammal tadqiqotdir. Uning buyuk xizmatlaridan biri xalqaro huquqning boshqa sohalaridan farqli jihatlarini ko\u02bbrsatib berganidir. Muhammad Shayboniyning ushbu asarini xalqaro huquq masalalarining qamrovi jihatidan Gugo Grotsiyning \u201cUrush va tinchlik huquqi\u201d asari bilangina qiyoslash mumkin\u201d, \u2013 deb alohida ta\u02bckidlaydi Xolid Ramazon Bashir[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniyning \u201cas-Siyar as-sag\u02bbir\u201d va \u201cas-Siyar al-kabir\u201d kabi asarlarida xalqaro huquq sohalariga oid tushunchalar mavjud. Jumladan, elchilarning daxlsizligi, xalqaro shartnomalarga so\u02bbzsiz amal qilinishi, tinch aholi va jangchilarni ajratish, insonparvarlik huquqidagi ayollar, qariyalar va bolalarning alohida mavqei, atrof\u00admuhitga zarar yetkazmaslik, buzg\u02bbunchilikdan tiyilish kabi tamoyillarni misol qilish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Shayboniy tomonidan yozilgan xalqaro munosabatlarga doir asarlarda ham tinchlik, bag\u02bbrikenglik hamda turli xalqlar bilan o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik va hamjihatlikda turmush kechirish islom huquqida xalqaro munosabatlarning bosh g\u02bboyasi bo\u02bblganini guvohi bo\u02bblish mumkin. Xulosa qilib aytganda, islom tarixida xalqaro munosabatlarning shakllanishi va rivojlanishida o\u02bbziga xos tarixiy sharoit va muhit bilan birga musulmon olimlari tomonidan yozilgan asarlarning ham o\u02bbrni beqiyos bo\u02bblgan. O\u02bbz navbatida, xalqaro munosabatlarga oid yozilgan bu asarlar musulmon olamida tinchlikni barqaror bo\u02bblishida ham ulkan xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>Qarang: Muhammad ibn Ahmad Saraxsiy.\u00a0 \u201cSharh as-siyar al-kabir\u201d. Al-juz\u02bc al-avval.\u2212Bayrut: \u201cDor al-kutub al-ilmiyya\u201d, 1997. B. 4.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>Qarang: Mavsua\u02bctil fiqhiya. \u2212 al\u00adKuvayt: Vizarat al\u00adavqaf va ash\u00adshu\u02bcun al\u00adislamiyya. 1990. J.20 \u2013 B. 201.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>Qarang: Muhammad ibn Ahmad Saraxsiy. Sharh as-siyar al-kabir. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kutub al-ilmiyya. 1997. J.1. \u2013 B. 250<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>Dasuqiy M. Imom Muhammad ibn Hasan Shayboniy va uning islom fiqhidagi o\u02bbrni.\u2212Doha: \u201cDor as\u00adsaqofa\u201d, 1987. B. 330.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Khalid Ramadan Bashir. Islamic International Law Historical Foundations and Al-Shaybani\u02bbs Siyar. The University of Aberdeen, UK. 2018. \u2013320 p.<\/span><\/div>\n
Shukrullo JO\u02bbRAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Moturidiy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Islom olamida keng tarqalgan va ko\u02bbpchilik musulmonlar ergashuvchi fiqhiy maktablardan bo\u02bblgan hanafiy mazhabining yaxlit mazhab sifatida shakllanishi, mazhabga doir fatvolarni jamlab saralanishi va bugungi kungacha yetib kelishida Imomi A\u02bczamning xos shogirdi Muhammad Shayboniyning xizmat katta. Imom Muhammad hanafiy mazhabining zabardast faqihlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz asarlari bilan hanafiylikni tizimlashtirish va yoyishda katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi.\u00a0 Muhammad Shayboniy …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMUHAMMAD SHAYBONIY ASARLARIDA XALQARO MUNOSABATLAR TARTIBGA SOLINISHINING O\u02bbZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MUHAMMAD SHAYBONIY ASARLARIDA XALQARO MUNOSABATLAR TARTIBGA SOLINISHINING O\u02bbZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25575&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MUHAMMAD SHAYBONIY ASARLARIDA XALQARO MUNOSABATLAR TARTIBGA SOLINISHINING O\u02bbZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI - 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