{"id":25483,"date":"2022-11-16T09:55:13","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T04:55:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25483"},"modified":"2022-11-16T09:55:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T04:55:13","slug":"sharq-allomalarining-ilmiy-merosi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25483&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SHARQ ALLOMALARINING ILMIY\u00a0MEROSI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sharqu G\u02bbarbni o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bblagan, buyuk sivilizatsiyalar tutashgan yurtimiz hududida ilm-fan, madaniyat azaldan rivojlangan. Ayniqsa, o\u02bbrta asrlarda ona zaminimizdan minglab olimu shoirlar, buyuk mutafakkirlar yetishib chiqqan. Ularning matematika, fizika, kime\u0308, astronomiya, etnografiya, tibbiyot, tarix, adabiyot, axloq, falsafa kabi ko\u02bbplab sohalarga oid asarlari, Samarqand, Buxoro, Xiva, Toshkent, Shahrisabz, Termiz va boshqa shaharlardagi qadimiy obidalar butun bashariyatning ma\u02bcnaviy mulki hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Shavkat Mirziyoev ta\u02bckidlaganidek: \u00abtarixiy merosni asrab-avaylash, o\u02bbrganish va avlodlardan avlodlarga qoldirish ham davlat siyosatining eng muhim ustuvor yo\u02bbnalishlaridan biridir\u201d [1].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharqning ulug\u02bb allomalari va mutafakkirlarining kashfiyotlari zamonaviy ilm-fan va taraqqiyot poydevori. Jamiyat taraqqiyotidagi har qanday o\u02bbzgarishlar, yangiliklar, ayniqsa, insoniyat rivojiga katta turtki beradigan jarayonlar, kashfiyotlar o\u02bbz–<\/strong>o\u02bbzidan yuz bermaydi. <\/strong>Buning uchun avvalo asriy an\u02bcanalar, tegishli shart–<\/strong>sharoit, tafakkur maktabi, madaniy–<\/strong>ma\u02bcnaviy muhit mavjud bo\u02bblmog\u02bbi kerak. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ilm–<\/strong>fan, taraqqiyot avvalo nimaga bog\u02bbliq? O\u02bbrta asrlar Sharq tarixi shundan dalolat beradiki, madaniyat va ta\u02bclim-tarbiya, tibbiyot, adabiyot, san\u02bcat va arxitektura sohalaridagi beqiyo<\/span><\/p>\n

s yuksalish, ilmiy maktablarning vujudga kelishi, yangi-yangi iste\u02bcdodli avlodlar to\u02bclqinining paydo bo\u02bclishi va voyaga yetishi \u2014 bularning barchasi, birinchi navbatda, iqtisodiyot, qishloq va shahar xo\u02bcjaligining ancha jadal o\u02bcsishi, hunarmandlik va savdo-sotiqning yuksak darajada rivojlanishi, yo\u02bcllar qurilishi, yangi karvon yo\u02bcllarining ochilishi va avvalambor nisbiy barqarorlikning ta\u02bcminlanishi bilan bevosita bog\u02bcliq bo\u02bclgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharq olamida, xususan, Markaziy Osiyo xalqlari hayotida rivojlangan madaniyatning mavjud bo\u02bblgani haqida qadimgi baqtriya, so\u02bbg\u02bbd, o\u02bbrxun, xorazm yozuvlarida bitilgan yodgorliklar, devoriy tasviriy san\u02bcat asarlari va haykalchalar, arxitektura namunalari dalolat beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XI-XIII asrlarda asos solingan Xorazm davlati, Fors ko\u02bbrfazigacha bo\u02bblgan hududlardagi qo\u02bbshni xalqlar yerlarini birlashtirgan holda, Osiyo qit\u02bcasining katta qismini qamrab olgan. Milodgacha bo\u02bblgan II asrdan milodiy XV asrga qadar qadimiy xalqaro transport arteriyasi vazifasini bajarib, Xitoy, Hindiston va Markaziy Osiyo, O\u02bbrta va Yaqin Sharq, O\u02bbrta yer dengizi mintaqasi kabi hudud va mamlakatlarni bog\u02bblab kelgan Buyuk Ipak yo\u02bblining ahamiyati beqiyos bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk Ipak yo\u02bbli \u2014 Xitoy, Hindiston va Markaziy Osiyo, O\u02bbrta va Yaqin Sharq, O\u02bbrta yer dengizi mintaqasi kabi hududlar o\u02bbrtasida savdo-sotiq aloqalarini, balki qit\u02bcalar va davlatlar o\u02bbrtasida axborot almashuvini ta\u02bcminlashga xizmat qildi, yangi texnologiya va ishlanmalarning (ipak, chinni buyumlar, porox, qog\u02bboz va boshqa ko\u02bbplab mahsulotlar) tez tarqalishida, qishloq xo\u02bbjaligi ekinlari va agrotexnologiyalarning, madaniy qadriyatlarning rivojlanishida muhim vosita vazifasini bajardi, shu tariqa sivilizatsiyalararo muloqot va texnologiyalar almashuvi uchun shart-sharoitlar yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrlarda turli mamlakatlar xalqlarining ilmiy bilim va yutuqlar bilan bir-birini boyitib borishi bilan Buyuk Ipak yo\u02bbli alohida rol o\u02bbynadi. Buyuk Ipak yo\u02bbli orqali Yevropaga, Yevropadan esa Osiyoga Sharq va G\u02bbarb olamidagi ulug\u02bb alloma va mutafakkirlar faoliyati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi ma\u02bclumotlar yetkazildi. Sokrat, Platon, Aristotel, Ptolomey va antik davrga mansub boshqa buyuk allomalarning ilmiy asarlari, g\u02bboya va kashfiyotlarini o\u02bbrganish uchun amaliy imkoniyat vujudga keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, o\u02bbsha davrlarning an\u02bcanalariga ko\u02bbra, ma\u02bcrifatparvar mutafakkir va faylasuflar, olimlar va shoirlar odatda hukmdorlar va sultonlar saroylarida panoh topganlar. Ular orasida IX-XI asrlarda Xivada tashkil etilgan Ma\u02bcmun akademiyasi va \u201cBaytulhikma\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cDonishmandlik uyi\u201d degan nom bilan shuhrat qozongan Bag\u02bbdod akademiyasida, shuningdek, XV asrda Samarqandda shakllangan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning ilmiy maktabida samarali mehnat qilgan bir guruh olimlar butun dune\u0308ga dong taratdilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharq, xususan, Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasi IX-XII va XIV-XV asrlarda jahonning boshqa mintaqalaridagi Renessans jarayonlariga ijobiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Sharq uyg\u02bbonish davri \u2014 Sharq Renessansi sifatida dune\u0308 ilmiy jamoatchiligi tomonidan haqli ravishda tan olingan. Agar Yevropa Uyg\u02bbonish davrining natijalari sifatida adabiyot va san\u02bcat asarlari, arxitektura durdonalari, tibbiyot va insonni anglash borasida yangi kashfiyotlar yuzaga kelgan bo\u02bblsa, Sharq Uyg\u02bbonish davrining o\u02bbziga xos xususiyati, avvalo, matematika, astronomiya, fizika, ximiya, geodeziya, farmakologiya, tibbiyot kabi aniq va tabiiy fanlarning, shuningdek, tarix, falsafa va adabiyotning rivojlanishida namoyon bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlarda Sharq ilm-fani rivojida Xorazm Ma\u02bcmun akademiyasi alohida o\u02bbrin tutgan. Ulkan kutubxona, madrasa, tarjimon va xattotlar maktabi kabi tuzilmalarga ega bo\u02bblgan bu dargohda yuzdan ortiq allomalar, iste\u02bcdodli talabalar ilmiy izlanishlar olib borgan. Abu Nasr ibn Iroq, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Mahmud Xo\u02bbjandiy, Ahmad ibn Muhammad Xorazmiy kabi qomusiy olimlarning umumbashariy tafakkur rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi beqiyosdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

YUNESKO shafeligida Xorazm Ma\u02bcmun akademiyasining 1000-yilligi nishonlangani, uning faoliyati qayta tashkil etilgani mamlakatimizda ajdodlar xotirasiga, ilm-fan rivojiga qaratilayotgan e\u02bctiborning yorqin namunasidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbsha davrdagi eng buyuk mutafakkir olimlardan biri Muhammad Muso Xorazmiydir. Bugun butun dune\u0308 foydalanadigan hisob-kitob amallari, zamonaviy texnologiyalar faoliyati ana shu bobokalonimiz yaratgan qoidalarga asoslanadi. Butun dune\u0308 Xorazmiyning ilm-fan rivoji yo\u02bblidagi hissasini yuksak qadrlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Xorazmiy algebra faniga asos soldi, ilmiy ma\u02bclumot va traktatlarni bayon etishning aniq qoidalarini ishlab chiqdi, u astronomiya, geografiya va iqlim nazariyasi bo\u02bbyicha ko\u02bbplab ilmiy asarlar muallifidir. Allomaning dune\u0308 ilm-fani rivojidagi xizmatlari umume\u02bctirof etilgan bo\u02bblib, Sharq olimlari orasida faqat uning nomi va asarlari \u201calgoritm\u201d va \u201calgebra\u201d kabi zamonaviy ilmiy atamalarda abadiylashtirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi alloma Ahmad Farg\u02bboniyning \u201cAstronomiya asoslari\u201d nomli asari o\u02bbn ikkinchi asrda lotin va ivrit tillariga tarjima qilingani, keyinchalik Italiya, Germaniya, Fransiya, Gollandiya va AQSH kabi ko\u02bbplab mamlakatlarda qayta-qayta chop etilgani uning naqadar ulkan ahamiyatga egaligini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Allomaning Yer sharsimon shaklda ekanligi borasidagi qarashlarini oradan sakkiz yuz yil o\u02bbtib amalda isbotlagan mashhur sayoh Xristofor Kolumb \u201cEr meridianining bir darajasi miqdori haqidagi al-Farg\u02bboniy hisoblarining to\u02bbg\u02bbriligiga to\u02bbla ishonch hosil qildim\u201d, deya dastxat qoldirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbn oltinchi asrda Oydagi kraterlardan biriga bobokalonimiz nomi berilgan. YUNESKO qaroriga muvofiq 1998 yilda Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy tavalludining 1200-yilligi xalqaro miqe\u0308sda nishonlandi. Bu buyuk ajdodimizning jahon sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan ulkan hissasi, xalqimiz ilmiy salohiyatining yana bir e\u02bctirofi bo\u02bbldi. Davlatimiz rahbarining tashabbusi bilan Quva va Farg\u02bbona shaharlarida mutafakkir haykallari bune\u0308d etildi, Farg\u02bbona davlat universitetiga Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy nomi berildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy tomonidan IX asrda yaratilgan \u201cAstronomiya asoslari\u201d fundamental asarida olamning tuzilishi, Yerning o\u02bblchovi haqidagi dastlabki ma\u02bclumotlar, sayoramizning sharsimon ko\u02bbrinishga ega ekani xususidagi dalillar mavjud bo\u02bblib, mazkur kitob XVII asrga qadar Yevropa universitetlarida astronomiya bo\u02bbyicha asosiy darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitib kelingan hamda Buyuk geografik kashfiyotlar davrida Kolumb, Magellan va boshqa sayohatchilarning kashfiyotlari uchun ilmiy asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Farg\u02bboniyning amaliy yutuqlaridan biri uning o\u02bbrta asrlardagi asosiy astronomik asbob \u2014 usturlob nazariyasini ishlab chiqqani va shuningdek, Nil dare\u0308sida \u201cNilomer\u201d degan, ko\u02bbp asrlar davomida suv sathini o\u02bblchaydigan asosiy vosita sifatida xizmat qilib kelgan mashhur inshootni yaratgani bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Sino nomi dune\u0308 fani va madaniyati tarixiga zarhal harflar bilan bitilgan. Doimo yashil bo\u02bblib turuvchi tropik o\u02bbsimlik \u201cAvisenniya\u201d deb atalgan. Ko\u02bbplab mamlakatlarda ko\u02bbchalar, o\u02bbquv va tibbiyot muassasalariga uning nomi qo\u02bbyilgan, alloma sharafiga medal va mukofotlar ta\u02bcsis etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIslom olamining eng mashhur faylasufi va qomusiy allomasi hamda insoniyatning eng buyuk mutafakkirlaridan biri\u201d degan unvonga sazovor bo\u02bblgan Abu Ali ibn Sinoning hayoti va faoliyati avlodlarda alohida g\u02bburur va ehtirom tuyg\u02bbularini uyg\u02bbotadi. Ilmiy tadqiqot ishlarini 16 yoshida boshlagan bu ulug\u02bb zot o\u02bbz umri davomida 450 dan ortiq asar yaratdi. Ularning aksariyati, avvalo, tibbiyot va falsafa, shuningdek, mantiq, kime\u0308, fizika, astronomiya, matematika, musiqa, adabiyot va tilshunoslik sohalariga bag\u02bbishlangan. Leonardo da Vinchi, Mikelanjelo, Frensis Bekon va boshqa ko\u02bbplab olimlar avlodi uning asarlarini o\u02bbqib, hayratga tushganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz doim g\u02bburur va iftixor bilan e\u02bctirof etamizki, tibbiyot tarixida eng mashhur bo\u02bblgan, \u201cTib qonunlari\u201d deb atalgan o\u02bbzining bebaho fundamental asari bilan Ibn Sino keyingi bir necha yuz yillar uchun tibbiyot fanlari taraqqiyotining asosiy yo\u02bbnalishlarini oldindan belgilab berdi, hozirgi kunda ham o\u02bbz dolzarbligini yo\u02bbqotmagan amaliy tibbiyot va farmakologiya sohalarining eng muhim usullariga asos soldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

X asrning qomusiy allomasi Abu Nasr Forobiyni zamondoshlari, universal bilimlarga ega bo\u02bblgani bois, \u201cSharq Aristoteli\u201d deb ataganlar. U ko\u02bbplab fanlarni ilmiy kashfiyotlar bilan boyitdi, turli mamlakatlar olimlarining falsafiy qarashlarini rivojlantirdi va 160 dan ortiq asar yozdi. Ulardan eng mashhurlari \u201cMohiyat xususida so\u02bbz\u201d, \u201cFanlarning paydo bo\u02bblishi haqida kitob\u201d, \u201cTafakkur mohiyati\u201d va boshqa asarlar hisoblanadi. Forobiy asarlarining asosiy qismi ko\u02bbplab Yevropa va Sharq tillariga tarjima qilingan va hozirgi kunga qadar chuqur tadqiqotlar mavzusi bo\u02bblib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIV-XV asrdagi ijtimoiy va madaniy yuksalish ham o\u02bbz mazmun-mohiyati bilan IX-XII asrlardagi Uyg\u02bbonish davrining uzviy davomi bo\u02bbldi. Bunday madaniy meroslarning monadlikka intilish, uning davriy uyg\u02bbunlashuvi xalqlar hayotida taraqqiyot hamda yuksalishiga poydevor bo\u02bblgan nazariy ta\u02bclimotlar rivojlanish bosqichlarini kuzatamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlar Sharq allomalari va mutafakkirlarining butun bir avlodi haqida so\u02bbz yuritar ekanmiz, Amir Temur va Temuriylar davri deb nom olgan davr haqida, nomi ilm-ma\u02bcrifat osmonida bamisoli yorqin yulduz bo\u02bblib porlab kelayotgan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek\u00a0 xususida eslamasdan o\u02bbtolmaymiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek yurtimizning bir qator shaharlarida madrasalar qurdirgan, Samarqandda o\u02bbziga xos ilmiy muhit, hozirgi tilda aytganda, akademiya tashkil etgan. U yerda 200 dan ortiq olim faoliyat yuritgan. Falakiyot ilmining nazariy va amaliy masalalari to\u02bbla qamrab olingan Ulug\u02bbbekning \u201cZij\u201di o\u02bbrta asrlardayoq Osiyo va Yevropa mamlakatlarida keng tarqalgan. Yevropalik astronom olimlar uni lotin, fransuz, ingliz tillariga tarjima qilgan, sharhlar bitgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cZiji Ulug\u02bbbek\u201d, \u201cZiji jadidi Ko\u02bbragoniy\u201d nomlari bilan shuhrat qozongan bu asarda 1018 yulduzning o\u02bbrni va holati aniqlab berilgan. Yulduzlarning balandligi va ular orasidagi masofa, quyosh va oyning harakati, ularning tutilish vaqtlari bayon qilingan. Bu hisob-kitoblar zamonaviy texnologiyalar orqali aniqlangan kuzatuv natijalaridan deyarli farq qilmaydi. Masalan, uning hisobi bo\u02bbyicha bir yil 365 kun 6 soat 10 daqiqa 8 soniyani tashkil etadi. Bugungi kunda bir yil 365 kun 6 soat 9 daqiqa 6 soniyaga teng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Istiqlol yillarida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning hayoti va faoliyatini o\u02bbrganish borasida ulkan ishlar amalga oshirildi. Davlatimiz rahbari tashabbusi bilan 1994 yil mamlakatimizda Ulug\u02bbbek yili, deb e\u02bclon qilindi. O\u02bbsha yili Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek tavalludining 600 yilligi xalqaro miqe\u0308sda keng nishonlandi. Parij shahridagi YUNESKO qarorgohida buyuk allomaning ilmiy merosi va uning ahamiyatiga bag\u02bbishlangan xalqaro anjuman o\u02bbtkazildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek siymosi xalqimiz hayotining ajralmas qismiga aylanib qolgan. Yurtimizda Ulug\u02bbbek nomi berilgan tuman, ma\u02bcnaviyat maskanlari, mahallalar, ko\u02bbchalar ko\u02bbp. Ota-onalar eng ezgu niyatlar bilan farzandlariga Ulug\u02bbbekning muborak ismini qo\u02bbyishadi. Bularning barchasi xalqimizning buyuk allomaga cheksiz hurmatidan darak beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk ajdodlarimiz yutuqlari \u2013 ma\u02bcnaviy jasorat namunalari. O\u02bbzbekiston xalqi ko\u02bbpni ko\u02bbrgan, yelkasida tarix sinovlarini, ijtimoiy xulosasini yelkalagan, o\u02bbziga ham o\u02bbzgalarga ham tinchlik, osoyishtalik, farovon hayotni tilab kelgan, shu niyatda butun insoniyat sivilizatsiyasi rivojiga munosib hissa qo\u02bbshgan xalq. Bugun ham xalqimiz ota- bobolarimizdan meros bo\u02bblib qolgan o\u02bbzining ana shu ezgulik bayrog\u02bbini qo\u02bblidan tushirgani yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu boy merosdan butun bashariyat ravnaqi yo\u02bblida oqilona va samarali foydalanish \u2014 bu siz bilan bizning vazifamiz, siz bilan bizning burchimizdir. Bu borada fidoyi olimlarning roli alohida diqqat-e\u02bctiborga munosib bo\u02bblib, aynan ularning mehnati tufayli biz o\u02bbtmishning bebaho ilmiy merosini qaytadan kashf etmoqdamiz. Tarixiy va madaniy merosni asrab-avaylash, intellektual salohiyatni rivojlantirish, boyitish va ko\u02bbpaytirish, unib-o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlodni milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar ruhida tarbiyalash \u2013 moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy taraqqiyoti asosi.<\/span><\/p>\n

ADABIYOTLAR:<\/span><\/div>\n
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    Saidov A., Jo\u02bbzjoniy A. Sharq sivilizatsiyasi: inson va huquq (o\u02bbtmish va hozirgi zamon). \u2013 T.: Adolat, 2005. \u2013 272 b.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Samarqandlik allomalar \/ Sh.Ziyodov, Q.Mahmudov. \u2013 Samarqand: Imom Buxoriy xalqaro markazi nashriyoti, 2019.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Baxromjon DAMINOV,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00abArab tili va adabiyoti al-Azhar\u00bb kafedrasi o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sharqu G\u02bbarbni o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bblagan, buyuk sivilizatsiyalar tutashgan yurtimiz hududida ilm-fan, madaniyat azaldan rivojlangan. Ayniqsa, o\u02bbrta asrlarda ona zaminimizdan minglab olimu shoirlar, buyuk mutafakkirlar yetishib chiqqan. Ularning matematika, fizika, kime\u0308, astronomiya, etnografiya, tibbiyot, tarix, adabiyot, axloq, falsafa kabi ko\u02bbplab sohalarga oid asarlari, Samarqand, Buxoro, Xiva, Toshkent, Shahrisabz, Termiz va boshqa shaharlardagi qadimiy obidalar butun bashariyatning ma\u02bcnaviy …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSHARQ ALLOMALARINING ILMIY\u00a0MEROSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SHARQ\u00a0 ALLOMALARINING ILMIY\u00a0 MEROSI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25483&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SHARQ ALLOMALARINING ILMIY\u00a0MEROSI - 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