{"id":25463,"date":"2022-11-14T09:57:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T04:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=25463"},"modified":"2022-11-14T09:57:05","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T04:57:05","slug":"moturidiy-ma%ca%bcrifati-yog%ca%bbdusi-yoki-samarqand-maktabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25463&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samarqand sayqali ro\u02bbyi zamin ast\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
\u201cMusulmonlik \u2013 to\u02bbg\u02bbrilikdir, musulmon \u2013 haqdir\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>(Asqar Mahkam)<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Abu Mansur Moturidiy haqida ushbu manzumani yozishga jur\u02bcat qilganimizda, avvaliga, bul tabarruk zotga berilgan baholar \u2013 zukko zamondoshlari, shogirdlari tomonidan aytilgan ta\u02bcriflar bir muddat hayratlantirdi, asir qildi, lol etdi, rosti\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cTo\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga boshlovchi imom!\u201d \u2013deb aytganlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u201cSunna va hidoyat ahliga ibrat zot!\u201d \u2013deyishgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u201cPayg\u02bbambar alayhissalom yo\u02bblidagi ulug\u02bb imomlar bayroqdori!\u201d \u2013deb nom berganlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u201cBarcha mutakallimlar imomi!\u201d \u2013dedilar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u201cBarcha musulmonlarning aqidalarini tuzuvchisi!\u201d \u2013deb yozganlar.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u201cXurofot va bid\u02bcatlar qo\u02bbporuvchisi!\u201d \u2013deya atadilar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ma\u02bclumki, o\u02bbsha zamonlarda, bugun insoniyat \u201cSharq Islom renessansi\u201d \u2013 uyg\u02bbonish deb atagan, IX-XII asrlarda dunyoning uch yerida Islom dini asoslaridan ta\u02bclim bera boshlaganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Misrda Ja\u02bcfar Tavoxiy, Bog\u02bbdodda Abul Hasan Ash\u02bcoriy va Samarqandda \u00a0Abu Mansur Moturidiy nomlari bilan atalgan maktablar dong\u02bbi chiqqan. Muhammad ibn Muhammad Abu Mansur Moturidiy dastlab otasidan, so\u02bbng Samarqandda \u201cDorul Juzjoniya\u201d nomli ilm dargohida o\u02bbqigan. Keyinroq shu yerda minglab \u00a0shogirdlarga ta\u02bclim beradi. Bu uch maktab sardorlari nomlarining o\u02bbziyoq, ularning ularning yozgan asarlari kabi uzoq vaqt- asrlar davomida, ahli musulmon aql-xushini band etgan. Sababi, ular bu uch maktabning qaysi biri eng asosli, to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblda ekanidan kechayu-kunduz tashvishda edilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    To\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbl-kalom ilmi-aqoid (qoidalar) qay bir olim-mutakallim-shayx yoki imom tomonidan manzur, ilohiy asoslanishi o\u02bbsha zamonlardayoq o\u02bbta zaruriyatga aylangan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Vaholanki, bu masala, chuqur o\u02bbylab ko\u02bbrsak, barcha zamonlarda, bugun ham zarracha o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotgan emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Oradan besh yuz yil o\u02bbtib, ikkinchi renessans(uyg\u02bbonish)ning ulug\u02bb vakili hazrat Alisher Navoiyning ham xuddi shu masala fikru hayolini band etgan. Natijada, u barcha asarlarida inson e\u02bctiqodi, axloqi borasida qayg\u02bburgan. Umrining oxirida ham \u201cMahbub ul-qulub\u201d (\u201cQalbga mahbub hikmatlar va hikoyalar\u201d) asarini bitadi. \u201cNasoim ul-mahabbat fi shamoim ul-futtuvat\u201d (\u201cMardlar\u00a0 shamoyilidan\u00a0 esgan muhabbat shabadalari\u201d) asarlarida esa \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Abu \u00a0Mansur Moturidiyni \u201cSulton u-muazzin\u201d (\u201cAzizlar sultoni\u201d) \u201cImom ul-xuda\u201d (\u201cHidoyatiga boshlovchi imom\u201d) deb ataganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, hazrat Navoiy \u201cSunna val Jamoat\u201d asoschisi Abu Hanifa asarlaridan ham ko\u02bbproq Abu Mansur Moturidiyning \u201cTavilot al-Qur\u02bcon al-Karim\u201d, \u201cSharx al-Fiqh al-Akbar al-Mansub imom Abu Xanifa\u201d va \u201cKitob ul-tavhid\u201d asarlarini sevib\u00a0 mutoala qilganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Buning isboti o\u02bblaroq shoirning 1469 yilgacha, bir necha yil, Samarqandda yashashi, olim Fazlulloh Abulaysdan saboq olishi, Chokardiza qabristonida bo\u02bblgani shayx Abu Mansur Moturidiy mozorini ziyorat qilganini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Zero, hazrat Navoiy butun umri davomida iymon, adolat, insof qayg\u02bbusi bilan yashagan: Adl aylaki, ul xalq \u00a0\u00a0hayoti bo\u02bblmish,<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Xush ul kishiki, adl sifoti bo\u02bblmish.<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ham mulk bila adl jihoti bo\u02bblmish,<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ham adl bilan mulk safoti bo\u02bblmish.<\/span><\/div>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biz buning misolini o\u02bbzimiz tez-tez, kundalik hayotda, takrorlab turadigan hazrat baytlarida ham ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cOdami ersang demagil odami,<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Onikim yo\u02bbq xalq g\u02bbami, din g\u02bbami.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n

    Din \u2013 bu e\u02bctiqod, tushuncha dunyoqarash qayg\u02bbusi. Zero, chin inson nafaqat maxluqot, tabiat va koinot tashvishini qiladi, balki o\u02bbz e\u02bctiqodi xususida ham qayg\u02bburmog\u02bbi lozim va shart. Har kun erta tongdan 5 vaqt, namozda o\u02bbqiydurgan \u201cfotiha\u201d surasi oxirgi oyatlar: \u201cEhdinos sirotal mustaqiym, al-amta aylayhim g\u02bboyrul mag\u02bbzubi alahim\u00a0 valazzolin \u201d (\u201cBizni to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga boshla, adashganlar yo\u02bblidan o\u02bbzing asra)\u201d \u2013 deya Ollohdan so\u02bbrashimizning siri ham shunda, shubhasiz. Shunday qilib hijriy sana 256 (milodiy 869) oxirida Abu Abdulloh, ya\u02bcni imom Islom Buxoriy Samarqandda vafot etadilar. Bul zotdan 9082 adad, muharrirlari tushirilgach, 2602 adad hadis yani \u201cSahih Buxoriy\u201ddan boshqa, 22 ta kitob qoldirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Falakning gardishi, yaratganning izni bilan o\u02bbsha yili Samarqandda yana bir farzand dunyoga keldi. Keyinroq u Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Abu Mansur Moturidiy nomi bilan olamga tanildi. Uning asarlari ilmi tafsir, ilmi kalom, ilmi hikmat, fiqh va ilmi vahdat ya\u02bcni tavhidda yangi ufqlarni ochdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu nomni O\u02bbzbekiston Mustaqillikka erishgan yilda, shoir Xurshid Davron so\u02bbzboshisi bilan 100 ming nus\u02bcha, muqovasida \u201cMeros\u201d yozilgan kitobda o\u02bbqidik, o\u02bbqiganmiz. Bu kitob Abu Toxirxojaning \u201cSamariya\u201d, Narshaxiyning \u201cBuxoro tarixi\u201d, Bayoniyning \u201cShajarai Xorazmshoxiy\u201d, Ibratning \u201cFarg\u02bbona tarixi\u201d, asarlari asl matndan olingan jamlanma edi. \u00a0\u201cSamariya\u201dni o\u02bbqir ekanmiz, Abu Mansur Moturidiy haqidagi o\u02bbringa kelgunga qadar, \u201cChordaxum mozori\u201d yodimga muhrlandi. Ko\u02bbchirma: \u201cQutbi Chordaxum mozori\u201d. Bu kishining oti shayx Nuriddin Basirdir. Undan \u201cSizning zamonangizda qutb kimdir?\u201d deb so\u02bbraganlarida, u: birodarim Abdulloh o\u02bbn uchinchi qutbdir, biz o\u02bbn to\u02bbrtinchimiz\u201d \u2013 deb javob beribdur. Shuning uchun \u201cQutbi Chordaxum\u201d deb dong chiqargan. \u201cBasir\u201d shuning uchun deganlarkim, u kishi onadan so\u02bbqir tug\u02bbilgan bo\u02bblsa ham valiylik nuri bilan barcha ko\u02bbrguliklarni ko\u02bbrar edi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Davomi: Amir Temur Ko\u02bbragon hazrati \u00a0shayx Burxoniddin Sag\u02bbarchidan o\u02bbz ishlari oldinga borishi uchun ruhoniy yordam so\u02bbraganida, shayx unga: Nuriddin (Qutbi Chordaxum) qabrini ziyorat qilishga buyuribdi. Shu shayxning istagi Amir Temurni \u201cQutbi Chordaxum\u201d mozorini Samarqand arkiga kirgizib, qabri ustiga go\u02bbzal va yuksak bino soldirishga va gumbazning ustiga oltindan bir qubba yasab o\u02bbrnatishiga sabab ekan. Amir Temur kechalari shul mozorning tevaragida aylanib yurar ekan, xayoliga shu bayt kelgan: \u201cKor na ni gumbazi kardon kunad\u201d,<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Harchi kunad ximmati Mardon Kunad\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    (Mazmuni: Ishni qiladigan gumbaz (ya\u02bcni falak) emas, balki nima qilsa, eranlar (mardlar)ning himmati qiladi).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu ilohiy so\u02bbzlarning isboti o\u02bbsha asar oxirida, izohdan o\u02bbqiganmiz. Izoh: Chor Rossiyasi qo\u02bbshinlari tomonidan hijriy 1297(milodiy 1868) -yilda Samarqand bosib olinadi. 1297(1881) yilda Rus askarlari Amir Temur bunyod ettirgan Qutbi Chordaxum koshinlik go\u02bbzal va yuksak bino- maqbarani miltiq dorisi bilan tubidan uchirib buzadilar va o\u02bbz istehkomlariga qo\u02bbshib yuborganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Izohdan yana ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbldiki, guvoh Samarqand qozisi mulla Mir Nizomiddin Qutbi Chordaxum gavdasini viloyat hokimiga iltimos va iltijo qilib (so\u02bbrab olib) mozorning xizmatchilari, supuruvchilari yordami bilan ko\u02bbchirib ko\u02bbmadilar. O\u02bbsha 1881 yili Qutbning bosh suyagini o\u02bbz qo\u02bbli bilan olib, o\u02bbz ko\u02bbzi bilan ko\u02bbrganicha shahodat berib deydiki, \u201cUshbu qutlug\u02bb boshning suyagini burun ustigacha bir bo\u02bblak bo\u02bblib ko\u02bbz o\u02bbrni ko\u02bbrinmas edi\u201d (1904 yilda \u00a0\u00a0(Peterburg)da bosilgan \u201cSomariya\u201ddan parcha).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aytmoqchimizki, donolar hikmati ila bunyod bo\u02bblgan narsalar asrlar davomida goho nodonlar qo\u02bbli bilan oyoq osti qilinadi. Biroq har bir ezgu ish hikmatini hech kimsa \u00a0yo\u02bbqotishga qodir emas\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cUlug\u02bblar ruhoniyat \u00a0bilan suhbat quradigan, kayxonu falak asroridan mujda keltiradigan, ilohiy axloq sohiblari, ezgulik yo\u02bblida jonni fido qilguvchilardir, ular borlik va yo\u02bbqlik, zamon va makondan xorij azalu abadni birlashtirgan mukarram zotlardir\u201d. (Najmiddin Komilov. Tasavvuf.Tosh. 2009)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shunday qilib, \u201cSomariya\u201dda Abu Toxirxoja 18 raqami ostida Moturidiy haqida, ta\u02bclimoti haqida \u201cHayrat ul-Fuqaxo\u201d kitobida o\u02bbzi o\u02bbqiganlarini shunday hikoya qilgan. \u201cBir kuni shayx Abu Mansurning xizmatchisi ketmon chopar, shayxning o\u02bbzi tok o\u02bbtqazar, shu choq muazzin azon ayta qoldi. Shayx ishini to\u02bbxtatib, masjidga bormoqchi bo\u02bbldi, lekin tok o\u02bbtqazishga oshiqib bora olmadi. Bir yildan keyin podshoh\u00a0 har bir bog\u02bbga bir necha (ko\u02bbza) ichimlik bid\u02bcat soliq soldi. Hazrat shayx \u201cUshbu bid\u02bcat mening tok o\u02bbtqazishimga mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bblib, namoz ishini keyinga qoldirishim shumligidan yuzaga chiqdi\u201d \u2013deb muborak sallasini yerga urib yig\u02bblardi. (37-bet)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Shu o\u02bbrinda, yodga \u00a0keldi\u2013ki, 7-8 yil burun \u201cHidoyat\u201d jurnalining 1 sonida shu kabi zot va voqeani o\u02bbqiganmiz. Axtarib topdik: 2013 yil 1-son ekan. Vasliy Samarqandining \u201cImomi A\u02bczamning ibodatlari\u2026\u201d kitobidan olingan \u00a0edi. Parchada: \u201cAgar biror masala hal bo\u02bblavermasa imom Abu Hanifa shogirdlariga \u201cBu mening qilgan gunohlarimdandir\u201d \u2013der ekanlar\u201d so\u02bbngra istig\u02bbfor aytib, yangi tahorat bilan ikki rakat namoz o\u02bbqiganlaridan so\u02bbng o\u02bbsha masala yechimi topilar ekan\u201d \u2013deb yozgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bayonga ayon \u2013 anglashiladiki, ustoz Abu Hanifa ta\u02bclimoti davomchisi: \u201cSharh \u00a0al-Fiqx al-Akbar mansutlil imom \u201cAbu Hanifa\u201d kitobini yozgan Abu Mansur Moturidiy, ilm borasida ustoz ma\u02bcrifatidan shu qadar mukammal bahra topganlarki ustoz fazilatlari unda benuqson shakllangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ixlos va sidq borasida jiddu-jahd qilish malomatiya tariqati (yo\u02bbli), demak, ming yil avval Abu Mansur Moturidiydan boshlangani ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladi. Ular surunkali toatu-ibodatni ham riyoga qo\u02bbshganlar. Toat-ibodatni el nazaridan maxfiy tutish lozim, ezgu niyat, ezgu amalingni birov bilmagani yaxshi, odamlarga yaxshilik muruvvat ko\u02bbrsatginu qayta gapirma, deb uqtirganlar va o\u02bbzlari amal qilganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ularning shiori: \u201cAvval o\u02bbzingga boq, so\u02bbng nog\u02bbora qoq!\u201d bo\u02bblganini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Ma\u02bclumki, koinot \u201cOsmon\u201d qonuniyatlariga yerdagi qonuniyatlar mos keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ya\u02bcni, qonuniyatlar sohibi, \u201cTo\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbl egasi\u201d boshqa, ularga boshlovchi va to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblni ko\u02bbrib bilib undan yuradigan banda butunlay boshqa. Bu haqda ushbu ikkinchi naqlda hikoya qilinadi: \u201cAytadilarkim, shayx bir kuni bog\u02bbda edi. Bog\u02bbdod xalifasi tomonidan bir masala so\u02bbragani Samarqandga yuborgan elchi kelib bog\u02bb eshigini qoqdi. Shayx yirtiq kiyim kiygan holda chiqdi. Elchi: Mavlono qaydadir?- deb so\u02bbradi<\/span><\/p>\n

    Shayx : Mavlono tangridir-deb javob berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tag\u02bbing elchi: Xoja qaydadur? \u2013deb so\u02bbradi<\/span><\/p>\n

    Shayx: Xoja Mustafodir! \u2013deb javob qaytardi<\/span><\/p>\n

    Yana elchi: \u201cAbu Mansur qaydadur?\u201d \u2013deb so\u02bbradi<\/span><\/p>\n

    Abu Mansur: \u201cUshbu tilanchi keksa\u201d, deb o\u02bbzini ko\u02bbrsatdi\u201d. (38-bet)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cSamariya\u201dda Abu Tohirxoja keltirgan\u00a0 uchinchi naql : Uning yoronlari dars talim olish uchun(shayxning) bog\u02bbiga kelar edilar. Ittifoqo, hamal oyi edi. Shayx yoronlari uchun bir o\u02bbrik daraxtini shoxini qoqdi.Uning karomati bilan yer o\u02bbrik mevasi bilan to\u02bbldi. Yoronlar yeb to\u02bbydilar\u02bb(38- bet)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu ramziy (majoziy) voqea Abu Mansur Moturidiy kitoblari (ta\u02bclimoti) uzoq asrlar davomida asta-sekin davrlar o\u02bbtishi bilan odamlar ongida qabul bo\u02bbla borgani, yoronlari nisbatan erta bahramand \u00a0bo\u02bblganlariga ishora.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aslida, ko\u02bbpchilikka ma\u02bclum, islom ma\u02bcrifati(oliy nuqtasi) u qabilachilik xurofotlariga qarama-qarshi, ilohiy birodarlik jamoasi \u2013tavhid e\u02bctiqodi asosida \u201cummat\u201d tushunchasini paydo qiladi. Natijada, jamiyatda ayollarga xotin-qizlarga nisbatan ham insoniy munosabat\u00a0 shakllanishiga yo\u02bbl ochdi. Kitobdagi 4-naql: \u201cHazrat Abu Mansurning xotini dag\u02bbal va badfe\u02bcl xotin edi. Bir kuni shayx tandirga o\u02bbt qo\u02bbyayotgan edi, xotini jahl qilib, shayxning muborak orqasida besh bor tepdi. Shayx umrining oxirida \u201cO\u02bbsha besh tepki\u201d bilan besh parda o\u02bbrtadan ko\u02bbtarildi va 32 yil ro\u02bbza tutib, kechalari tik turishni bajo keltirdim, toki ikki hijob (ham) o\u02bbrtadan ko\u02bbtarilsin deb. Qani endi (o\u02bbshanda) ikki tepki ham tepganda, bunchalik mashaqqat chekmagan bo\u02bblur edim\u201d\u00a0 -dedi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Hozirda ham \u201cayol-erining chap qovurg\u02bbasidan yaralgan\u02bbiborasi va unga amal qilishimiz, musulmonchilik sharti etib joriy qilinganiga \u00a0sabab shu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Beshinchi naql shuki: \u201cHazrat shayxda ajoyib (bir) holat (ham bor edi). U goho yahudiylar mahallasiga borib \u201cibodat qilinglar, yohud o\u02bblinglar!\u201d deb xitob qilar edi. Bu so\u02bbzni eshitsalar iymon keltirmasalar o\u02bbsha chog\u02bbdayoq o\u02bblardilar\u201d. Bugungi kun kishilariga tushunarsiz bu naql \u201cilmga amal qilish borasida bo\u02bblib, amal qilinmagan ilm \u2013 befoyda bo\u02bblib qolmay, konizarar\u201d. Kitobda oltinchi naql: \u201cFatvoi baraxna\u201d kitobida o\u02bbqidimki, shayx Abu Mansur dunyodan ketar kechasi yetmish marta hojatga chiqib, har bor tahorat qilgan va degan: Bu kecha men dunyodan o\u02bbtaman, Rasul alayhissalom: \u201cDunyodan tahorat bilan ketgan kishi shahid hisoblanadi\u201d. \u201cU zotning vafotidan keyin bir kishi yetmish buroq uning yonida turganini ko\u02bbrgan (shayx unga): Bu o\u02bbsha qilgan yetmish tahoratim\u201d degan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tahorat \u2013 poklanish bu o\u02bbrinda ozodalikni kengroq pok vijdon, pok ko\u02bbngil ma\u02bcnosida qabul qilsak ham bo\u02bbladi. Unda \u201cHaromdan xazar\u201d iborasi musulmonchilikda allaqachon joriy bo\u02bblgan, ko\u02bbpchilik amal qiladigan odatlarimizdan. Qolaversa, Islom \u2013 eng pok, tozalikka chorlovchi din.<\/span><\/p>\n

    So\u02bbnggi yettinchi naql: \u201cU kishining zamonida bir zolim podshoh bo\u02bblib, xalq uning zulmidan shayxga iltijo qilganlar, shayx tubdan bir kamon yasab o\u02bbsha zolim tomonga qaratib otdilar. O\u02bbsha kuni u zolim podshoh xarob \u00a0bo\u02bbldi. Hazrat shayxning ruhoniyatlaridan maqsadlarining hosil bo\u02bblishi ochiq ko\u02bbrinib turardi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu naql o\u02bbz ma\u02bcnosida imondan so\u02bbng \u201cAdolat\u201dga ishora<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shunday qilib, siz Abu Mansur Moturidiyning \u201cSomariya\u201ddan topsangiz mabodo, juda qiziq holga ro\u02bbbaro\u02bb bo\u02bblasiz. Kitob 1844-1848 yillarda yozilgan bo\u02bblsa ham 1991 yilgacha ko\u02bbp bor ko\u02bbchirilgan, turli mualliflar tomonidan o\u02bbzgartirishlar kiritilganidan hayratga tushasiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Muallif Abu Tohirxoja 1874 yilda Buxoroda Karmanada rais \u201cMuxtasib\u201d lavozimida ishlab, vafot topgan. Otasi Abu Said Abdulhay o\u02bbg\u02bbli (1849 yil vafot etgan) ilmli kishi bo\u02bblib, fiqh, kalom sohasida kitoblar yozgan. Bobosi Mir Abdulhay\u00a0 (1725-1827) 40 yil Samarqand qozisi bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Asarni 1925 yili Abdulmo\u02bbmin Sattoriy tomonidan fors tilidan o\u02bbzbek tiliga tarjima qilingan. Sharqshunos olim Ivan Vyatkin tomonidan 1898 yil Samarqandda, 1904 yil Peterburgda chop etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    U islom dini bosib o\u02bbtgan yo\u02bblni yodingizga soladi. Asli islom ham mohiyatan inson hayoti yangliq muazzam, uyg\u02bbun hodisa ekanini anglay boshlaysiz. U nur kabi avval Zardusht, so\u02bbng Ibrohim alayhissalom aqlini va qalbini yoritgan. So\u02bbng hazrat Muso va Iso Masih alayhissalom lafzida insoniyatga tuhfa bo\u02bbldi. Milodiy asrlar boshlangach, o\u02bbsha tavhid nuri Muhammad alayhissalomga vahiy tarzida nozil bo\u02bbldi. Abu Mansur Moturidiy Samarqandda hidoyatning sunna ahlini to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga boshlovchi imom bo\u02bblib dunyoga tanildi. Insoniyatga o\u02bbz asarlarini tuhfa etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0Bugunga kelib, O\u02bbzbekistonda Islom akademiyasi qoshida imom Moturidiy\u00a0\u00a0 Xalqaro tadqiqot markazi joriy qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Moturidiy haqida so\u02bbngi ma\u02bclumot bergan (Turkistonda) Abu Tohirxoja shayx haqida o\u02bbz bilganlari yakunida shunday deydi: \u201cNojiya firqasikim, ularni sunna val jamoat ahli derlar, e\u02bctiqod masalasida ikki bo\u02bblakka bo\u02bblindilar. Shayx Abulhasan Ash\u02bcariyga qaraydiganlarni \u201cAshora\u201d va hazrati Abu Mansur Moturidiyga qarashlilarni \u201cMoturidiya\u201d deb ataydilar. Rum, Buxoro, Balx, Xorazm, Samarqand, Farg\u02bbona va Hindistondek katta musulmon o\u02bblkalarining barcha xalqi va Turkiston hamda Qashqar kabi mamlakatlarda yashovchi ellar hammasi Moturidiya mas\u02bchabidadirlar\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    Manzumaga so\u02bbngi nuqta qo\u02bbyishdan oldin, Abu Mansur Moturidiyga nisbatan berilgan hikmatli so\u02bbzlar yana yodimizga keldi. Ular oddiy, sodda bo\u02bblsa ham, bugungi XXI asr, uchinchi ming yillik ostonasida jahon xalqlari uchun dasturamal bo\u02bblishga arziydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cXalq bilan bir tan bir jon bo\u02bbl\u201d, \u201cTo\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbl kaliti-ilmdir\u201d, \u201cNifoq-ilmsizlik belgisi\u201d, \u201cdinni ilm bilan asra!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mustaqillikdan keyin O\u02bbzbek olimlari Abu Mansur Moturidiyga, uning ta\u02bclimotiga e\u02bctiborni qaratganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Adabiyotshunos Muhammadjon Imomnazarov \u201cMilliy ma\u02bcnaviyatimiz\u201d nomli kitobida \u201cMoturidiya oqimining insonni sohib ixtiyor deb hisoblashi va inson ahli yaxshilik va yomonlik (xayru sharr)ni bir-biridan ajrata oladi deyishi o\u02bbtgan asrda Ismoil Gaspirali, Maxmudxo\u02bbja Bexbudiy kabi islom ulamolariga yo\u02bbl ochgan\u201d deb hisoblaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u201cTasavvuf\u201d kitobi muallifi Najmiddin Komilov: shayx Abu Mansur Moturidiy o\u02bbzidan keyin o\u02bbtgan Najmiddin Kubro, Abulqodir Geloniy, Xoji Axror Valiy kabi duolari mustajob bo\u02bblgan aziz insonlardan. Parvardigorning o\u02bbzi\u00a0 balo-qazoni \u00a0yuboruvchi\u00a0 va uni qaytaruvchi\u00a0 ham. Biroq suygan bandalari avliyolar tufayli balolarni daf etadi. Taqdirda ne bo\u02bblsa sodir bo\u02bbladi, \u2013 deb yozadi.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Saidmuxtor Odilov \u201cMoturidiy\u201d monografiyasida: \u201cKitob ut-tavxid\u201d kabi kitoblar chuqur o\u02bbrganilsa, kelajakka to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbl ochiladi \u2013 deb hisoblaydi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shu o\u02bbrinda xayolimizga Vasliy Samarqandiy kitobida darj etilgan quyidagi so\u02bbzlar jilva qiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBir fiqh va muhaqqiq olim yozishicha, \u201cDur ul-muxtor\u201d kitobi hoshiyasida \u201cRaddul Muxtor\u201dda yozilishicha Samarqandda, Chokardiza qabristonida, bir mozor bor. Unda turt yuz nafar Muhammad ismli hanafiy mazhabining ulug\u02bb ulamolari yotibdilar. Ularning har qaysisi fatvo berishga layoqatli, bir qancha shogird yetishtirgan,asarlar bitgan zotlar bo\u02bblishgan. Ularning izdoshlari ham ulug\u02bb ilm egalari bo\u02bblib, ko\u02bbpgina \u00a0musulmon xalqlariga ilmu irfon o\u02bbrgatishgan.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Irfon nima, ixlos nima?<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Irfon \u2013 hikmatdir! \u201cIlmsiz ma\u02bcrifat yo\u02bbq, ma\u02bcrifatsiz ilm ziyondir\u201d \u2013 deb durlar. Abdurahmon Jiloniy hazratlari \u201cIxlos \u2013 xolos!\u201d \u2013deydi. XXI asr O\u02bbzbek mutafakkirlaridan biri Najmiddin Komilov. Afsus, bugun kompyuter, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar zamonida, odamizodda ixlos taqchilligi kuzatilmoqda. Ixlos esa Haq asrorlarining sirlaridan biri. Uni hayo desak, hayo \u2013 vijdon va iymon belgisi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shu kunlarda, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda, buyuk nemis shoiri Gyotening bir so\u02bbzini bot-bot yodga olishmoqda:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cMen dunyo tarixini o\u02bbqib, shunday xulosaga keldim: Dunyo podshohlarining to\u02bbplagan jami saltanati boylik, qasrlaru, saroylar Muhammad(Alayhissalom)ning yamoq yaktaklariga ham arzimas ekan\u2026 Biz Ovro\u02bbpa millatlari madaniy imkonimiz yuqori bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, hazrati Muhammad(Alayhissalom) erishgan, so\u02bbnggi pog\u02bbonasiga qadar chiqa olgan zinaning birinchi pillapoyasidamiz, xolos. Hech shubha yo\u02bbqki, biron kimsa u zotdan yuqoriroqqa o\u02bbta olmaydi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0Adabiyotda yangi so\u02bbz bo\u02bblmaydi, rost so\u02bbz bo\u02bbladi \u2013 deb yozadi XXI asr shoiri Asqar Mahkam \u00a0o\u02bbzining \u201cVaxdat kuyi\u201d kitobida.\u00a0 Ushbu yozganlarimizni ham shu kitobga kirgan bitta she\u02bcr bilan yakunlaymiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026Osmon o\u02bbsha \u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Qadimiy osmon\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Yulduzlar ham yonar to\u02bbkilmay\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Odam bo\u02bblmas hech kim, hech qachon<\/span><\/div>\n
      Buyuk Qur\u02bcon so\u02bbzin o\u02bbqimay!\u2026.<\/span><\/div>\n
      Garchi kajdir charx-bordir omon,<\/span><\/div>\n
      U aylanar azal shu yo\u02bbsin\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Odam bo\u02bblmas hech kim, hech qachon<\/span><\/div>\n
      Navoiyni o\u02bbqimay so\u02bbzin!\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Yer aylanib turar harqalay,<\/span><\/div>\n
      Ko\u02bbtargancha inson zotini.<\/span><\/div>\n
      Odam bo\u02bblmas hech kim o\u02bbqimay<\/span><\/div>\n
      Mavlononing kullyotini!\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Va payg\u02bbambar rahmat tog\u02bbida<\/span><\/div>\n
      Tinglamoqda ilohiy vahiy.<\/span><\/div>\n
      Butun olam ahlin og\u02bbzida<\/span><\/div>\n
      \u201cIqro bismi Rabbikal-laziy!\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
      Qiyomatga qadar shu xullas<\/span><\/div>\n
      G\u02bbov bo\u02bblolmas hech kim yo\u02bblida.<\/span><\/div>\n
      So\u02bbz o\u02bblmaydi!<\/span><\/div>\n
      O\u02bbldirib bo\u02bblmas!\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      So\u02bbz joni ham Olloh qo\u02bblida!\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n
      Pirnazar Pirnafas,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      O\u02bbzbekiston jurnalistlari<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      ijodiy uyushmasi a\u02bczosi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samarqand sayqali ro\u02bbyi zamin ast\u2026 \u201cMusulmonlik \u2013 to\u02bbg\u02bbrilikdir, musulmon \u2013 haqdir\u201d\u00a0(Asqar Mahkam) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Abu Mansur Moturidiy haqida ushbu manzumani yozishga jur\u02bcat qilganimizda, avvaliga, bul tabarruk zotga berilgan baholar \u2013 zukko zamondoshlari, shogirdlari tomonidan aytilgan ta\u02bcriflar bir muddat hayratlantirdi, asir qildi, lol etdi, rosti\u2026 \u201cTo\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga boshlovchi imom!\u201d \u2013deb aytganlar. \u201cSunna va hidoyat ahliga ibrat zot!\u201d …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25463&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25463&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-14T04:57:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/moturidi.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25463&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=25463&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"MOTURIDIY MA\u02bcRIFATI YOG\u02bbDUSI (YOKI SAMARQAND MAKTABI) - 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