{"id":24991,"date":"2022-10-26T10:26:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T05:26:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24991"},"modified":"2022-10-26T10:26:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T05:26:56","slug":"farg%ca%bbona-fiqh-maktabi-olimlari-ilmiy-m%d0%b5rosidan-yangi-namuna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24991&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FARG\u02bbONA FIQH MAKTABI OLIMLARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDAN YANGI NAMUNA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mamlakatimiz hududida ilk o\u02bbrta asrlarda ilm fanning turli yo\u02bbnalishlari jadal suratlarda rivojlandi. Ilmiy adabiyotda \u201cilk uyg\u02bbonish davri\u201d deb ataladigan bu vaqtda mintaqamizda yetishib chiqqan allomalar mazkur ilmiy taraqqiyotga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshdilar. Bu davrning alohida xususiyatlaridan biri Movarounnahrning turli hududlarida o\u02bbziga xos alohida ilmiy maktablar shakllandi va mazkur maktablar Movarounnahr o\u02bblkasining umumiy ilmiy rivojiga o\u02bbz hissalarini qo\u02bbshdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ilk o\u02bbrta asrlarda Farg\u02bbona mintaqasida o\u02bbziga xos ilmiy maktab shakllanganligi keyingi tadqiqotlar natijalarida o\u02bbz tasdig\u02bbini topgan haqiqatdir. Ayni shu davrda Farg\u02bbona vodiysida Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi ham shakllanib, o\u02bbrta asrlarda nafaqat Movarounnahr, balki butun Islom dunyosida islom ilmlari rivojida alohida o\u02bbrin tutgan allomalar yetishib chiqishiga xizmat qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabining ilk o\u02bbrta asrlarda Farg\u02bbona vodiysining turli shaharlaridan yetishib chiqqan yirik namoyandalarining o\u02bbzi yuz nafardan ortiq. Vodiyning Axsikat\/Axsikent shahridan(Abu-l-Vafa Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Axsikatiy (vaf. 519\/1126), Zu-l-Fazoil Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Axsikatiy (465\/1073-528\/1134), Asiruddin al-Axsikatiy (501\/1108-594\/1198), Abdulloh ibn Qoid ibn Aqil ibn al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy (461\/1069-514\/1121), Asiruddin al-Axsikatiy (501\/1108-594\/1198),<\/strong>\u00a0Abu Rashod Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qosim al-Axsikatiy (406\/1067-535\/1140)), Kosondan (Abu Bakr ibn Mas\u02bcud ibn Ahmad Alouddin al-Kosoniy (vaf. 585\/1191), Abu-l-Javd Ato ibn Ahmad ibn as-Sodiq al-Xolidiy al-Kosoniy(XII asr), Bakr ibn Sulaymon ibn Imron ibn Ilyos al-Kosoniy (vaf. 513\/1120 yildan keyin)), Marg\u02bbilondan (Abdulaziz ibn Abdurrazzoq al-Marg\u02bbinoniy (vaf. 477\/1085), Ali ibn Abdulaziz ibn Abdurrazzoq Zahiruddin al-Kabir al-Marg\u02bbinoniy (vaf. 506\/1113), Al-Hasan ibn Ali Zahiruddin al-Kabir ibn Abdulaziz al-Marg\u02bbinoniy (vaf.XII asr), Ash-Shayxulimom Abu-l-aimma Abdulaziz ibn Abdurrazzoq\u00a0 ibn Abu Nasr ibn Ja\u02bcfar ibn Sulayman ibn Matkan al-Marg\u02bbinoniy (406\/1016-476\/1084)), O\u02bbzganddan (Ali ibn Sulaymon ibn Dovud al-Hotibiy Abu-l-Hasan al-O\u02bbzgandiy(XI asr), Abu Muhammad Abdurrahmon ibn Abdulloh ibn Is\u02bchoq ibn Ahmad al-O\u02bbzgandiy (vaf. 513\/1120),) O\u02bbshdan (Mas\u02bcud ibn Mansur ibn Mursal al-O\u02bbshiy (vaf. 518\/1125 y), Muhammad ibn Sulaymon Abu Abdulloh al-O\u02bbshiy \u2013 Shayxul islom, Nasiruddin(XII asr) Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Xolid Abu Abdulloh al-O\u02bbshiy (vaf. 612\/1216)),\u00a0Andukon(Andijon)dan<\/strong>\u00a0Abu Hafs Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Tohir al-Andukoniy as-Sufiy (480\/1087-545\/1150).\u00a0Ho\u02bbqand (Qo\u02bbqon)dan\u00a0<\/strong>Abu Toyyib Tohir ibn Muhammad ibn Ja\u02bcfar ibn al-Xayr al-Maxzumiy al-Xuqandiy (vaf. 501\/1107),\u00a0Xo\u02bbjanddan\u00a0<\/strong>Abu Imron Muso ibn Abdulloh al-Muaddib al-Xo\u02bbjandiy (vaf. 360\/1067) kabi turli ilm sohasi vakillarining nomlarini misol tariqasida keltirish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi vakillarining nomlari, tarjimai hollari va ilmiy meroslari haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni izlab topish va ilmiy muomalaga kiritish ishlari davomli bo\u02bblishi lozim. Chunki qo\u02bblyozmalar xazinalarida saqlanayotgan asarlarni tadqiq qilish va ularni ro\u02bbyobga chiqarish mashaqqatli mehnat va uzoq muddatni talab qiladigan jarayondir. Zero mamlakatimiz hududidagi sharq qo\u02bblyozma manbalarining o\u02bbzi bir necha o\u02bbn ming jildni tashkil qilishi, undan hozirgi kungacha juda kam qismi o\u02bbrganilganligini inobatga oladigan bo\u02bblsak, yangi yangi nomlar va asarlar kashf etilishiga mutlaqo shubha yo\u02bbq. Bundan tashqari dunyoning yirik ilmiy markazlari Rossiya, Turkiya, Angliya, Fransiya, Germaniya va boshqa mamlakatlarda saqlanayotgan mintaqamiz allomalari ilmiy merosiga oid qo\u02bblyozmalarni ham hisobga olsak ish ko\u02bblami naqadar katta va shu bilan bir qatorda yangi nom va asarlarni kashf etish imkoni ham shunchalik umidli ekanligiga amin bo\u02bblish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Farg\u02bbona vodiysida qadim zamonlardan mavjud bo\u02bblgan shaharlar, ularning o\u02bbrta asrlardagi taraqqiyot darajasi, shaharlar arxitekturasi, ilm-fan va madaniyatning rivojlanish holati kabi masalalar turli manbalarda ancha-muncha yoritilgan[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qadimgi Farg\u02bbona, o\u02bbrta asr tarixchilari, jumladan, Abu Sa\u02bcd Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad Sam\u02bconiy (506\/1113-562\/1167) ma\u02bclumotlariga ko\u02bbra, Jayhun va Sayhun daryolari ortidagi katta hududni egallagan viloyatdir. Viloyat haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirgan Istaxriy, Farg\u02bbonaning tog\u02bblari qazilma boyliklarga boy ekanligini ta\u02bckidlab, u yerda oltin, kumush, temir, ko\u02bbmir, simob va boshqa qazilmalar qazib olinganini yozadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlarda Farg\u02bbona vodiysida qator yirik shaharlar barpo etilganligi va ularda ilm-fanning turli sohalari muvaffaqiyatli rivojlanganligi aniqlangan. Tarixiy manbalar vodiyning ko\u02bbplab shahar va qishloqlari haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi. Jumladan, Muqaddasiy (X asr) Farg\u02bbona vodiysida qirqdan ortiq katta-kichik shaharlar bo\u02bblganligini xabar qilgan[2]<\/a>. Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy esa, to\u02bbqqizta shahar, yettita qishloq va bitta mahallani zikr qilgan. Axsikat, Koson, Marg\u02bbilon, Quva, O\u02bbsh, O\u02bbzgand, Xaylam, Qo\u02bbqon, Xo\u02bbjand kabi shaharlar, Andukon, Gazak, Zarkan, Yaduxkat, Navqad, Lomish kabi qator qishloqlar shular jumlasidandir[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qadimgi Farg\u02bbonaning poytaxt shaharlaridan biri Axsikent (Axsikat) bo\u02bblgan. Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy bu shaharni Farg\u02bbonaning eng go\u02bbzal va ozoda shaharlaridan ekanligini aytsa[4]<\/a>, Yoqut al-Hamaviy uning Sirdaryodan bir farsax masofada tog\u02bblar orasidagi tekislikda joylashganligi haqida xabar bergan. Uning ta\u02bckidlashicha, shahar qo\u02bbrg\u02bboni va raboti devor bilan o\u02bbralgan va to\u02bbrtta darvozasi bo\u02bblgan[5]<\/a>. Shahar atrofida bog\u02bblar, rabot ichida esa ko\u02bbplab hovuzlar bo\u02bblgan va anhorlar o\u02bbtgan[6]<\/a>. Katta jome\u02bc masjidi, bozor, qal\u02bca va boshqa binolar Axsikentning ichki shahar qismida joylashgan[7]<\/a>. Bu yerdagi tog\u02bblardan oltin va kumush qazib olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozirgi Namangan viloyatida joylashgan Eski Axsi\u00a0 hududida olib borilgan arxeologik qazishmalar Axsikent shahri Markaziy Osiyo, jumladan, O\u02bbzbekiston tarixida muhim ahamiyat kasb etib, mintaqadagi madaniy yuksalishda alohida o\u02bbrin tutganligini ko\u02bbrsatmoqda. Zero, bu shaharning bir necha ming yillik tarixga ega ekanligi arxeologik tadqiqotlar natijalari bilan ham tasdiqlangan. Mutaxassislarning fikricha, Axsikent miloddan avvalgi III asrda bunyod etilgan va arablar istilosi arafasidan to IX asrning o\u02bbrtalarigacha u vodiyning nomi bilan \u201cFarg\u02bbona\u201d deb atalgan[8]<\/a>. Axsikent markazlashgan Somoniylar davlati davrida ham Farg\u02bbona vodiysining siyosiy, ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy markazi sifatida gullab-yashnagan[9]<\/a>. Bunday xulosani ayni shu davrda Axsikentda zarb qilingan va O\u02bbrta Osiyoning ko\u02bbpchilik viloyatlaridan topilgan mis tangalar ham tasdiqlaydi. Demak, Axsikentda zarb qilingan tanga pullar Somoniylar davlati iqtisodiyotida muhim rol o\u02bbynagan. Keyinchalik Qoraxoniylar davlati davrida siyosiy poytaxt Axsikentdan O\u02bbzgandga ko\u02bbchirilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, Axsikent XI-XII asrlarda ham butun Farg\u02bbona vodiysining iqtisodiy markazi bo\u02bblib qolavergan. Bu yerga O\u02bbrta Yer dengizi mamlakatlaridan, Hindistondan uzluksiz karvonlar kelib turgan. Eski Axsi xarobalaridan topilgan moddiy va madaniyat ashyolari sirasida, ayniqsa, sirlangan sopol idishlar diqqatga sazovordir. Chunki ularning ba\u02bczilarida kufiy yozuvidagi bitiklarni o\u02bbqish mumkin. Bu narsa Axsikent hunarmandlari bu davrda sopol idishlarni sirlash va bezash borasida o\u02bbziga xos maktab yaratganliklaridan dalolat beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlarda Xo\u02bbjand ham Farg\u02bbona vodiysining yirik shaharlaridan biri hisoblangan. Sirdaryo bo\u02bbyida joylashgan bu shahar 721-22 yillarda xalifa Yazid ibn Abdulmalik davrida fath qilingan[10]<\/a>. Yoqut al-Hamaviy shahar tog\u02bb yonbag\u02bbrida joylashib, uning o\u02bbrtasidan daryo kesib o\u02bbtganligini xabar qilgan. Istaxri esa bu daryoda savdo kemalari qatnovi yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilganligini aytadi[11]<\/a>. \u201cHudud al-Olam\u201d asarida Xo\u02bbjand shahri atrofida ko\u02bbplab hosildor yerlar bo\u02bblib, mevali daraxtlardan ko\u02bbproq anor yetishtirilganligi, shahar aholisi esa jangovar va shijoatli odamlar bo\u02bblganligi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirilgan[12]<\/a>. Xo\u02bbjand shahri Iskandar Zulqarnayn davrida yoki hatto undan ham oldinroq mavjud bo\u02bblgan antik Esxata shahri o\u02bbrnida barpo etilgan degan fikrlar ham bor[13]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Qo\u02bblyozmalar xazinalarida olib borilayotgan izlanishlar natijasida Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabining aynan ana shu ikki hududiga aloqador bo\u02bblgan yana bir vakili va uning qalamiga mansub asarni topishga muvaffaq bo\u02bbldik. Bu asar\u00a0 Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu-l-Qosim ibn Abu Rajo al-Qoidiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy qalamiga mansub \u201cal-Fatovo al-Qoidiya\u201d asaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Asar mintaqamizda ustuvor bo\u02bblgan hanafiy fiqhiga oid hisoblanadi. Qo\u02bblyozmaning kirish qismida muallif ushbu asarni ko\u02bbpchilik zamondoshlarining talablariga javoban bitganligini va uni ta\u02bclif etishda mutaaxxir ulamolarning \u201can-Navozil\u201d va \u201cal-Voqe\u02bcot\u201d janridagi to\u02bbplamlarga kiritilgan fatvolarga asoslanganligini aytadi. Bu o\u02bbrindagi eng muhim ma\u02bclumot Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu-l-Qosim ibn Abu Rajo al-Qoidiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy mazkur asarni tayyorlashda shayx, imom, qozi Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy fatvolariga murojaat qilganini zikr qiladi[14]<\/a>. Asar muallif allomani nomlarini keltirarkan \u201cal-Axsikatiy mavlidan, al-Xo\u02bbjandiy mavtinan\u201d ya\u02bcni \u201cTug\u02bbilgan joyi [nisbatidan] Axsikatiy, yashab o\u02bbtgan joyi [jihatidan] Xo\u02bbjandiy\u201d deb ataydi. Shu nuqtai nazardan ham bu asarda Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabining ikki vakilining ishtiroki bor ekanligini ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Asar muallifining va uni ta\u02bclif etishda fatvolariga tayangan Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiylarning shaxsiyatlariga oydinlik kirituvchi ma\u02bclumotlarni hozircha topishga muvaffaq bo\u02bblmadik. Biroq\u00a0 Shayx, al-Imom al-Ajal, al-Ustaz, Ustaz al-Aimma, Mufti ash-Sharq va-s-Sin unvonlariga sazovor bo\u02bblgan Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu-l-Qosim ibn Abu Rajo al-Qoidiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy, hamda Shayx, Imom, Qozi Tojuddin, Qozi lillah va fi-l-lah nomlariga muyassar bo\u02bblgan Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy kabi zotlar o\u02bbz zamonasining yetuk allomalaridan bo\u02bblganliklari shubhasiz. Ularning tarjimai hollari va ilmiy meroslariga aniqlik kiritish borasidagi izlanishlarimizni davom ettirishimiz aniq. Brokkelman asar muallifining vafot sanasini 644\/1247 deb belgilagan[15]<\/a>. Demak, alloma Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiyni Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabining Faxruddin Qozixon (vaf.1196) va Burhonuddin al-Marg\u02bbinoniy (1118-1197) kabi yetuk vakillari bilan hamzamon bo\u02bblgan deb hisoblashga asos bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cFatovo Qoidiya\u201d asari an\u02bcanaviy fiqhiy asarlarning tarkibiy tuzilishiga mos ravishda ta\u02bclif etilgan. Natijada asardagi fiqhiy masalalar 54ta kitob va yana bir nechta \u201cmasail\u201d (masalalar) deb nomlangan qismlar tarkibida keltirilgan. Asar kam hollarda bob va fasllarga bo\u02bblingan.\u00a0 Fatvolarni asoslashda Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlari va Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom hadislari zikr qilingan. Qur\u02bcon karim oyatlari keltirilgan o\u02bbrinlarda oyat boshlanishi qizil siyohda ajratib yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Asardagi alohida xususiyatlari sifatida ayrim mavzularni boshqa ma\u02bcnodosh kitoblar tarkibiga kiritilganini ta\u02bckidlash mumkin. Masalan tahorat masalalari \u201cKitab as-Solat\u201d (Namoz kitobi) tarkibida, meros masalasi \u201cKitab al-Vasaya\u201d (Vasiyatlar kitobi) tarkibiga kiritlgan va h.z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarga alloma Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy bilan bir qatorda al-Hasan ibn Sulaymon al-Xo\u02bbjandiy, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Marg\u02bbinoniy, Faxruddin Qozixon, Zahiruddin al-Marg\u02bbinoniy, Ali as-So\u02bbg\u02bbdiy, Umar an-Nasafiy kabi o\u02bbnlab mintaqamiz allomalari fatvolari kiritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFatovo Qoidiya\u201d asari qo\u02bblyozmalari bizning davrimizgacha yetib kelgan. Uning nusxalari turli mamlakatlar qo\u02bblyozmalar fondlarida saqlanadi. O\u02bbzR FA Sharqshunoslik instituti qo\u02bblyozmalar fondida asarning ikki nusxasi saqlanadi. Birinchisi 2392 ashyoviy raqam ostida saqlanadigan qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi bo\u02bblib u ancha qadimiy. Qog\u02bbozi, yozuv uslubi umuman poleografik belgilaridan kelib chiqib 13 asrda, ehtimol hatto muallif hayotlik paytida ko\u02bbchirilgan deb aytish mumkin. Qo\u02bblyozma umumiy hajmi 400 varaqdan iborat. O\u02bblchami 19,5×29,5sm. Har sahifaga 29 qatordan matn nas\u02bch xatida bitilgan. Nuqsonli, ayrim varaqlari yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning ikkinchi qo\u02bblyozmasi mazkur qo\u02bblyozmalar xazinasida 4918 ashyoviy raqam ostida saqlanadi. Qo\u02bblyozma 1226\/1811 yilda hatto Qilich Niyoz tomonidan nasta\u02bcliq xatida ko\u02bbchirilgan. Qo\u02bblyozmaning umumiy hajmi 364 varaqdan iborat. Har bir varaqqa 24 satrdan matn bitilgan. Qo\u02bblyozmaning o\u02bblchami 25x29sm. O\u02bbrta Osiyo qog\u02bboziga bitilgan mazkur qo\u02bblyozma yaxshi saqlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFatovoi Qoidiya\u201d asarining 624 ashyoviy raqam ostida Turkiyada saqlanadigan qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi 1122\/1710 yilda nas\u02bch xatida ko\u02bbchirilgan. Qo\u02bblyozmaning har bir sahifasiga 27 qatordan bitilgan matn tilla suvi rangli ramka ichiga olingan. Qo\u02bblyozmaning kitob, bob va fasl nomlari qizil siyohda bitilgan. Umumiy hajmi 515 varaq. O\u02bblchami 20,9×30,9sm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFatovoi Qoidiya\u201d asarining yana bir e\u02bctiborli tomoni undagi fatvolar arab va fors tillarida keltirilganligidir. Ehtimol Xo\u02bbjand aholisi orasida fors tilida so\u02bbzlashuvchilar ham ko\u02bbpchilikni tashkil qilganligi fatvolarni ikki tilda keltirilishiga sabab bo\u02bblgandir. Aslida Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi vakillarining hammalarining fiqhiy asarlarida ham fors tili elementlari, ayrim jumlalarni fors tilida keltirilishi holati tez-tez uchrab turadi. Buning sababi ayrim so\u02bbz va iboralarni mahalliy aholiga izohlab, sharhlab berish zarurati bilan bog\u02bbliq bo\u02bblsa kerak. Lekin \u201cFatovoi Qoidiya\u201d asarida fors tilidagi matn ancha katta qismni tashkil qiladi. Har bir sahifada matnning deyarli teng yarmi arab tilida bo\u02bblsa ikkinchi yarmi fors tilida ekanligini ko\u02bbramiz. Demak, bu holatning sababi o\u02bbsha davrda fiqhiy asarlar Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi doirasida aksar arab tilida bitilishi an\u02bcanasidan asta sekin fors tiliga o\u02bbtib borish jarayonining boshlanish davri natijasi bo\u02bblishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi allomalaridan Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu-l-Qosim ibn Abu Rajo al-Qoidiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy, hamda Shayx, Imom, Qozi Tojuddin Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad al-Axsikatiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiylarning ilmiy merosi Movarounnahr hududiga\u00a0 mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqinining ilk davrlarida muayyan sabablar fiqhiy asarlar matnini tuzishda fors tilidan foydalanishni kuchayib borishiga ta\u02bcsir qilganini ko\u02bbrsatmoqda. Natijada ayni shu davrdan boshlab keyinchalik mintaqada fiqhiy asarlarni fors tilida bitilishi ustuvor mavqega ega bo\u02bblgan. Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi vakillarining mazkur asari hali tadqiq va nashr qilinmagan. Demak asar ustida olib boriladigan tadqiqotlar Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabiga xos bo\u02bblgan yangi jihatlarini kashf qilishga xizmat qilishiga umid bildiramiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0665 \u2013 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f.\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0663; Hudud al-Alam. (The gions of the world) a presian geography\/ Translated end explained by V.Minorsky, second edition. London, 1970, 482p;\u00a0Yoqut al<\/em>\u2013<\/em>Hamaviy.<\/em>\u00a0Mu\u02bcjam ul-Buldon. 8 jild. Qohira, 1906;\u00a0Abu Ishak al-Farisi al-Istakhri<\/em>\u00a0regnorum\/Ed. M.J.de Goeje, Lugduni Batavorum apud E.J. Brill, 1967. Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum. I. 348p<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>Qarang;\u00a0Shamsaddin Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Moqaddasi.<\/em>\u00a0Descripto imperii Moslemici \/ Ed. M.J. de Goeje, Lugduni Batavorum apud E.J. Brill, 1967. Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum. III. 498p<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang:\u00a0Kamaliddinov Sh.<\/em>\u00a0\u201cKitob al-ansab\u201d Abu Ca\u02bbda Abdalkarima ibn Muxammada as-Sam\u02bcani kak istochnik po istorii i istorii kultur\u044b Sredney Azii.-T., 1993.-350 b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Sa\u02bcd\u00a0<\/em>Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad as-Sam\u02bconiy.<\/em>\u00a0Kitab al-Ansab. 5 jild. Haydarobod, 1963\u00a0 (arab tilida).<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Yoqut al-Hamaviy.<\/em>\u00a0Mu\u02bcjam al-buldon. 8 jild, Qohira, 1906 (arab tilida).<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Ishak al-Farisi al-Istakhri<\/em>. Viae regnorum\/ Ed.M.J de Goeje, Lugduni Batavorum apud E.J.Brill, 1967. Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum. I. 348 p.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>Shamsaddin Abu Abdulah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Moqaddasi.<\/em>\u00a0Descripto imperii Moslemici \/ Ed. M.J.de Goeje, Lugduni Batavorum apud E.J.Brill, 1967. Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum.III.498 p.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0Axrarov I.A.<\/em>\u00a0Arxeologicheskiye issledovaniya gorodi\u0449a Axsikent v 1960 g. \/\/Ob\u0449yestvenn\u044bye nauki v Uzbekistane. 1960, \u21168, S.53-58;\u00a0Anarbayev A.<\/em>\u00a0Rabot\u044b na gorodi\u0449ye Axsikent\/\/ Arxeologicheskiye otkr\u044btiya 1981 goda. M., 1983 -S.450;\u00a0Anorboyev A., Islomov U., Matboboyev B..<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0O\u02bbzbekiston tarixida Qadimgi Farg\u02bbona.\u00a0 T., 2001. 15b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Anorboyev A., Islomov U., Matboboyev B..<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0O\u02bbzbekiston tarixida Qadimgi Farg\u02bbona.\u00a0 T., 2001. 15b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Sa\u02bcd\u00a0<\/em>Abdulkarim ibn Muhammad as-Sam\u02bconiy.<\/em>\u00a0O\u02bbsha asar. 128-b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Ishak al-Farisi al-Istakhri.<\/em>\u00a0Viae regnorum\/ Ed.M.J deGoeje, LugduniBatavorum apud E.J.Brill, 1967. Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum. I. 333 p.<\/span><\/div>\n
[12]<\/a>\u00a0Hudud al-Alam. (The gions of the world) a persian geography \/ Translated and explained by V. Minorsky, second edition. London. 1970. 116 p.<\/span><\/div>\n
[13]<\/a>Negmatov N.N.<\/em>\u00a0Ob issledovaniyax Sogdiysko-tadjikskoy arxeologicheskoy komleksnoy ekspeditsii v 1975\u00a0 g. \/\/ Arxeologicheskiye rabot\u044b v Tadjikistane. V\u044bp.15. Dushanbe, 1980. S. 265-280.<\/span><\/div>\n
[14]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abu-l-Qosim ibn Abu Rajo al-Qoidiy al-Xo\u02bbjandiy. Fatovoi Qoidiya. O\u02bbzR FA SHI qo\u02bblyomalar xazinasi. Inv.\u2116 2392. 1b varaq.<\/span><\/div>\n
[15]<\/a>\u00a0SVR\u2026. str.450.<\/span><\/div>\n
Odiljon QORIYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzFA SHI katta ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Tarix fanlari nomzodi, dotsent<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mamlakatimiz hududida ilk o\u02bbrta asrlarda ilm fanning turli yo\u02bbnalishlari jadal suratlarda rivojlandi. Ilmiy adabiyotda \u201cilk uyg\u02bbonish davri\u201d deb ataladigan bu vaqtda mintaqamizda yetishib chiqqan allomalar mazkur ilmiy taraqqiyotga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshdilar. Bu davrning alohida xususiyatlaridan biri Movarounnahrning turli hududlarida o\u02bbziga xos alohida ilmiy maktablar shakllandi va mazkur maktablar Movarounnahr o\u02bblkasining umumiy ilmiy rivojiga o\u02bbz hissalarini …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFARG\u02bbONA FIQH MAKTABI OLIMLARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDAN YANGI NAMUNA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"FARG\u02bbONA FIQH MAKTABI OLIMLARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDAN YANGI NAMUNA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24991&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FARG\u02bbONA FIQH MAKTABI OLIMLARI ILMIY M\u0415ROSIDAN YANGI NAMUNA - 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