{"id":24970,"date":"2022-10-25T12:25:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T07:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24970"},"modified":"2022-10-25T12:25:55","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T07:25:55","slug":"hijratning-ii-asrida-sunnatning-holati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24970&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"HIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hijriy II asr ikki avlod davrini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. Birinchisi 140\/757 yildan keyin yashagan kichik tobeinlardir. Bilamizki, tobeinlar sahobalardan keyingi eng yaxshi avlod bo\u02bblgan. Odamlarga shariatni to\u02bbliq yetkazishga nihoyatda qattiq e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Sunnatni ishonchli va adolatli rivoyatlardan olishni, sunnati nabaviyaning pok, sof ekanini isbotlashni o\u02bbz oldiga vazifa qilib qo\u02bbygan. Bu avlod odamlarni sunnatga amal qilishga, yodlashga, yozib olishga, rivoyati va tinglanishida bardavom bo\u02bblishga undagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchisi esa, ummatga sunnatni rivoyat va dinni naql qilgan uchinchi halqa tabaa tobeinlardir. Mana shu avlod bid\u02bcat va havoi nafs yo\u02bblida o\u02bbzini olim hisoblaganlarni fosh etib, islom sivilizatsiyasining rivojlanish jarayoniga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Shu asr o\u02bbrtalarida sunnat va roviylarga qarshi chiqqan bid\u02bcatchi zindiqlar eng yuqori cho\u02bbqqiga chiqqandi. Bu avlod o\u02bbshalarning yolg\u02bbon to\u02bbqimalarini ajratib, dinni himoya qilgan. Hatto xalifa Mahdiy o\u02bbz odamlaridan birini ularning xabarlarini kuzatish uchun xufya tarzda zindiqlar orasiga kiritgan. Lekin ular shunchalik ko\u02bbpaygan ediki, hatto kuzatishga tayinlangan odam ham pirovardida bid\u02bcatchi zindiq bo\u02bblib chiqardi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mana shunday tubanlik davrida bu avlodning imomu ulamolari bulg\u02bbangan har bir narsadan sunnatni himoya qilishda faollik ko\u02bbrsatgan. Shuningdek, sunnatni keng qamrovli tartiblash va bo\u02bblimlarga ajratishni boshlagan. Hadislarni tekshiruvlardan o\u02bbtkazib, qog\u02bbozlarga bitib jamlagan. Garchi sanadni surishtirish sahobalar asrining oxiri va katta tobeinlar davrida boshlangan bo\u02bblsa-da, \u201cilmi rijol\u201d (roviylarni bilish ilmi) ayni shu paytda paydo bo\u02bblgan va rivojlangan. Bu avlod hadislarni bob va fasllarga ajratib tartibga solishda kashshof bo\u02bblgani kabi ilmi rijolni tasnif etishda ham peshqadam bo\u02bblgan. Roviylar tarixi haqida yoza boshlagan. Shu bitiklarni birinchilardan bo\u02bblib Lays ibn Sa\u02bcd (vaf. 174\/790 y.), Abdulloh ibn Muborak (vaf. 181\/797 y.), Zamra ibn Robia (vaf. 202\/817 y.), Fazl ibn Dukayn (vaf. 218\/833 y.) kabi allomalar tasnif etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu avlod vakillari roviylarning buyuk bilimdonlari bo\u02bblib, pok sunnat ilmlarining asoschilari hisoblanadi. Molik (vaf. 179\/797 y.), Shofeiy (vaf. 204\/820 y.), Savriy (vaf. 161\/778 y.), Avzoiy (vaf. 157\/774 y.), Shu\u02bcba (vaf. 160\/777 y.), Ibn Muborak, Ibrohim Fazoriy (vaf. 188\/804 y.), Ibn Uyayna (vaf. 198\/814 y.), Ibn Mahdiy (vaf. 198\/814 y.), Vaki\u02bc (vaf. 196\/812 y.) kabi allomalar shular jumlasiga kiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu asrdagi hadislarning yozilishini uch shaklga bo\u02bblib o\u02bbrganish mumkin. Birinchisida yozishning rivojlanishi bo\u02bblib, bunda hadislarning tasnifida tartiblash va boblarga ajratish ustuvor bo\u02bblgan. Shuningdek, bu davrda yozilgan kitoblarda Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning hadislari bilan bir qatorda, sahobalarning so\u02bbzlari va tobeinlarning fatvolari ham jamlangan. Bundan avvalgi sahifalarda faqat nabaviy hadislar bo\u02bblgan, xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu asrdagi yozish usuli shundan iborat bo\u02bblganki, bir-biriga mutanosib hadislar bitta umumiy bobga jamlangan, so\u02bbng kitobga tartib bilan joylangan. Asarlarning asosi sahoba va tobeinlar davridagi sahifalarga yozilgan hadislardan, shuningdek, sahobalarning og\u02bbizdan-og\u02bbizga yetib kelgan so\u02bbzlari, tobeinlarning fatvolaridan tashkil topgan. Bu bitiklar \u201cmuvatto\u201d, \u201cmusannaf\u201d, \u201cjomi\u02bc\u201d, \u201csunan\u201d kabi kategoriyalarga bo\u02bblingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi o\u02bbrganiladigan jihati hadis asarlarini tasnif etgan mashhur allomalar bo\u02bblib, ayrimlarining nomlari yuqorida keltirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchisi shu davrda tasnif etilgan har xil asarni qisqacha o\u02bbrganishdan iborat. Namuna sifatida Imom Molikning \u201cMuvatto\u201dsini olsak. O\u02bbz zamonasining imomi bo\u02bblgan Abu Abdulloh Molik ibn Anas Asbahiyni tarixchi Imom Zahabiy hofiz, imom, ummat faqihi va shayxulislom kabi sifatlar bilan ulug\u02bblagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning \u201cMuvatto\u201d deb nomlanishiga ikkita sabab ko\u02bbrsatish mumkin. \u201cVata\u02bca\u201d so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda bosish, tepsash, tekislash, tayyorlash, kelishib olish kabi ma\u02bcnolarni bildiradi. Birinchidan hadislarni oddiy odamlar tushunadigan qilib ommalashtirgani uchun, ikkinchidan Madina ulamolari Imom Molik bilan o\u02bbzaro kelishgan, ya\u02bcni fikri bir joydan chiqqani bois shunday nom berilgan. Bu haqda Imom Molikning o\u02bbzi kitobini madinalik yetmishta faqihga ko\u02bbrsatgani, barchasi uni ma\u02bcqullagani va \u201cosonlashtirilgan\u201d ma\u02bcnosida \u201cMuvatto\u201d deb nom berganini aytgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asardan Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning hadislari, sahobalarning so\u02bbzlari va tobeinlarning fatvolari o\u02bbrin olgan. Muallif ularni yuz ming rivoyat orasidan tanlab olgan. Yahyo ibn Yahyo Andalusiyning rivoyatiga ko\u02bbra, asarda jami 853ta hadis keltirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Bakr Abhariyning bildirishicha, Imom Molikning \u201cMuvatto\u201dsida 1720ta hadis bo\u02bblib, shundan 600tasi musnad \u2013 sanadi Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallamga ko\u02bbtarib yetkazilgan xabar, 222tasi mursal \u2013 sanadining oxirida tobeindan keyin biror roviy tushib qolgan hadis, 613tasi mavquf \u2013 sahobiyga izofa berilgan so\u02bbz, yo fe\u02bcl, yo taqrir va 285tasi tobeinlarning so\u02bbzlaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, turli manbalarda \u201cMuvatto\u201ddagi hadislar soni keskin farqlanadi. Buning sababi Imom Molik asarni qirq yil davomida saralab, takomillashtirib borganidir. Kitobni kimdir oldingi nusxasini, kimdir keyingi nusxasini o\u02bbqigan bo\u02bblishi mumkin. O\u02bbsha kezlari kitobning hajmi hozirgi davrdagisiga qaraganda ancha katta bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Shofeiy: \u201cMuvatto\u201d Allohning Kitobidan keyingi eng sahih asar\u201d, degan. Allohning Kitobidan keyingi eng sahih kitoblar Imom Buxoriy va Imom Muslimning \u201cSahih\u201dlari ekani haqidagi keyingi ulamolarning so\u02bbzlari bilan bu gap o\u02bbrtasida hech qanday ziddiyat yo\u02bbq, albatta. Chunki Imom Shofeiyning so\u02bbzi \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d va \u201cSahihi Muslim\u201d vujudga kelishidan oldin aytilgan. Yuqorida ko\u02bbrsatilganidek, Imom Shofeiy 204\/820 yilda vafot etgan. Bu vaqtda Imom Buxoriy hali o\u02bbn yoshga ham to\u02bblmagan bo\u02bblgan. Imom Muslim esa 204\/820 yili tavallud topgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u02bczi allomalar \u201cMuvatto\u201dni \u201cSihohi sitta\u201d (\u201cOlti sahih kitob\u201d)ning oltinchisiga munosib ko\u02bbrgan. Jumladan, buni Razin ibn Muoviya Saraqustiy (vaf. 353\/964 y.) \u201cAl-Jam\u02bcu baynal kutubis sitta\u201d va Majd ibn Asir (vaf. 606\/1209 y.) \u201cJomi\u02bcul usul\u201d asarlarida ta\u02bckidlab o\u02bbtgan. Ammo keyingi ulamolar asarni \u201cKutubi tis\u02bca\u201d (\u201cTo\u02bbqqiz kitob\u201d) deb ataluvchi eng ishonchli hadis to\u02bbplamlari qatoriga kiritgan. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday qilib, hijratning ikkinchi asrida hadis kitoblari yozilib, hadis to\u02bbplamlari tuzilgan. Shuningdek, hadis ilmlari shariatning qimmatli manbasiga aylangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hijriy II asr ikki avlod davrini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. Birinchisi 140\/757 yildan keyin yashagan kichik tobeinlardir. Bilamizki, tobeinlar sahobalardan keyingi eng yaxshi avlod bo\u02bblgan. Odamlarga shariatni to\u02bbliq yetkazishga nihoyatda qattiq e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Sunnatni ishonchli va adolatli rivoyatlardan olishni, sunnati nabaviyaning pok, sof ekanini isbotlashni o\u02bbz oldiga vazifa qilib qo\u02bbygan. Bu avlod odamlarni sunnatga amal qilishga, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24970&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"HIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24970&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-25T07:25:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_156.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24970&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24970&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"HIJRATNING II ASRIDA SUNNATNING HOLATI - 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