{"id":24861,"date":"2022-10-20T16:43:24","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T11:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24861"},"modified":"2022-10-20T16:43:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-20T11:43:24","slug":"abu-lays-samarqandiyning-moturidiylikdagi-o%ca%bbrni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24861&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Movarounnahrda ijod qilgan mashhur hanafiy ulamolaridan biri alloma Abu Lays Samarqandiy hayoti va ilmiy faoliyati yurtimiz va chet el tadqiqotchilari tomonidan keng tadqiq etilgan. Mazkur tadqiqotlarning katta qismida olimni mashhur faqih va mufassir sifatida berilgan. Ushbu maqolada Abu Lays Samarqandiyning kalom ilmiga ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganishga alohida ahamiyat berilgan. Samarqandiyni hanafiy-moturidiy olimlaridan biri sifatida moturidiya ta\u02bclimoti rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi ochib berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Lays Nasr ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrohim Xattob Samarqandiy Tavziy Hanafiy movarounnahrlik yetuk faqih va tafsir ulamolaridan biri bo\u02bblgan. Hanafiy fiqhi borasidagi xizmatlari uchun \u201cFaqih\u201d va hanafiy-moturidiya ta\u02bclimoti rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi uchun \u201cImom al-huda\u201d (\u201cTo\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga chorlovchi imom\u201d) unvonlari bilan tanilgan. Olimning tug\u02bbilgan yili borasida turli xil qarashlar mavjud. Ularda 301\/914-310\/922 yillar orasida Samarqandda tug\u02bbilgan, degan fikr ustunroq sanaladi[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Lays Samarqandiy Movarounnahrda islom ilmlarining kalom, fiqh, hadis, tafsir, lug\u02bbat va tarix kabi ilm sohalari rivojlangan davrda yashadi. U Samarqandda tug\u02bbilib, shu yerda ulg\u02bbaydi. Samarqand fiqh va kalom maktabi vakillaridan ilm o\u02bbrganib, yetuk olim bo\u02bblib tanildi. U dastlab otasi Muhammad ibn Ibrohim Tavziydan ta\u02bclim oladi[2]<\/a>. Undan so\u02bbng esa zamonasining faqihlari Abu Ja\u02bcfar Hinduvoniy, Xalil ibn Ahmad Qozi Sajniy, Muhammad ibn Fazl va boshqa ustozlardan hadis, kalom va tafsir ilmlaridan tahsil oladi. Shuningdek, Balx, Buxoro, Bag\u02bbdod kabi shaharlarga u yerdagi ulamolardan ilm olish uchun safarlar qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqandiy ustozi Abu Ja\u02bcfar Hinduvoniy orqali hanafiy faqihlari shajarasida, Abu Mansur Moturidiy orqali esa hanafiy-moturidiy vakillari shajarasida mustahkam o\u02bbrin egallaydi. Ushbu ikki shajara esa bilvosita mazhab asoschisi imom Abu Hanifaga yetib boradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbp yillik riyozat va ilm yo\u02bblidagi zahmatlar natijasi o\u02bblaroq Samarqandiy fiqh, kalom, va\u02bcz, zuhd va tafsir borasida mashhur olim bo\u02bblib tanildi. Shundan so\u02bbng Alloma ustoz-shogirdlik an\u02bcanasini davom ettirib, umrining oxiriga qadar ko\u02bbplab talabalarga ustozlik qildi. Ular orasida Luqmon ibn Hakim Farg\u02bboniy, Abu Molik Na\u02bcim Xatib, Muhammad ibn Abdurahmon Zubayriy, Abu Sahl Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Abu Abdulloh Tohir ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Nasr Haddodiy kabi yetuk olimlar yetishib chiqdi[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Lays arab tili bilan bir qatorda fors tilini ham mukammal bilgan. Ikki tilda ko\u02bbplab asarlar ta\u02bclif etgan. Shuningdek, olim o\u02bbzining \u201cBahr al-ulum\u201d tafsirida oyatlardagi so\u02bbzlarning lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnolari, jumlalarning falsafiy jihatlarini hamda ba\u02bczi oyatlarning tibbiy foydalarini ham keltirib o\u02bbtgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samarqandiyning tafsir, fiqh, usul ad-din (kalom), tasavvuf (zuhd va raqoiq) ilmlariga oid kitoblari ma\u02bclum va mashhur. Jumladan: Tafsir ilmiga oid \u201cBahr al-ulum\u201d (\u201cIlmlar dengizi\u201d) asari. Ushbu asar \u201cTafsiri Samarqandiy\u201d, \u201cTafsir Abi Lays Samarqandiy\u201d va \u201cTafsir al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d nomlari bilan mashhur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning \u201cXizona al-fiqh\u201d (\u201cFiqh xazinalari\u201d) asarida hanafiy fiqhiga oid masalalarning muxtasar ta\u02bcrifi berilgan. Jami asarning jahon fondlarida 62 ta qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi mavjud. Uning 1229\/1814 va 872\/1467 yillari ko\u02bbchirilgan ikki qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Sharqshunoslik institutida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUyun al-masoil\u201d (\u201cMasalalarning quduqlari\u201d) asari. Bu asarda Samarqandiy hanafiy fiqhiga oid nazariy masalalarni jamlangan. Asarda Abu Hanifa va u kishining shogirdlaridan boshlab to olim yashagan davrga qadar bo\u02bblgan vaqt oralig\u02bbida yashagan hanafiy ulamolari tomonidan keltirib o\u02bbtilgan masalalar zikr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMuqaddima Abu Lays\u201d (\u201cAbu Lays muqaddimasi\u201d) asari. Ushbu asar \u201cMuqaddima fi as-solat\u201d va \u201cMuqaddima fi al-fiqh\u201d kabi nomlar bilan ataladi. Ushbu asar namoz va unga tegishli masalalarni o\u02bbzida jamlagan. Ba\u02bczi aqidaviy masalalar ham bayon etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAn-Navozil\u201d (\u201cNozil bo\u02bblganlar\u201d) asari. Uning \u201cal-Fatovo\u201d, \u201can-Navozil min al-fatovo\u201d, \u201cFatovo an-navozil\u201d va \u201cMuhtarat an-navozil\u201d kabi nomlar bilan ham atalgani ma\u02bclum. Bu asar fatvolar haqidagi kitob bo\u02bblib, Movarounnahrda fatvo janrida yozilgan ilk manbalardan biri sanaladi. Keyingi asr olimlari ushbu asar asosida o\u02bbz fatvo to\u02bbplamlarini yozishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMuxtalif ar-rivoya\u201d (\u201cRivoyatlardagi qarama-qarshiliklar\u201d) asari. Mazkur asar mujtahidlar orasida mavjud farqli fiqhiy qonun-qoidalar va ixtilofli masalalarni o\u02bbzida jamlagan. Ushbu asar xilof ilmiga oid mo\u02bbtabar manba bo\u02bblib, Najmuddin Nasafiyning \u201cal-Manzuma\u201d asari mazkur asarning sharhi sanaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bundan tashqari \u201cTa\u02bcsis an-nazoir al-fiqhiyya\u201d, \u201cAl-Mabsut\u201d, \u201cAn-Navodir al-muqayyada\u201d, \u201cSharh al-jome\u02bc al-kabir\u201d, \u201cSharh al-jome\u02bc as-sag\u02bbir\u201d, \u201cMuqaddima fi bayon al-kaboir vas-sag\u02bboir\u201d va \u201cFatovo Abi Lays\u201d kabi asarlari fiqh fanida muhim rol o\u02bbynaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning tasavvuf ilmiga oid asarlari islom ulamolari orasida juda mashhur. \u201cTanbeh al-g\u02bbofilin\u201d asari hozirgacha ko\u02bbplab ta\u02bclim muassasalarida o\u02bbqib, o\u02bbrganib kelinadi. Mazkur asar 94 bobdan iborat bo\u02bblib, unda Payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning so\u02bbzlari hamda salafi solihlarning va\u02bcz-nasihatlari jamlangan. Kitobda aqida, ibodat, odob-axloq, Qur\u02bcon va ramazon oyining fazilati, ota-onaning o\u02bbz bolalari oldidagi huquq va majburiyatlari, bolaning o\u02bbz ota-onasi oldidagi majburiyatlari, sharob ichishdan, yolg\u02bbon so\u02bbzlashdan, hasad qilishdan qaytarish, yetimlarga xayru saxovat, rahm-shafqatli bo\u02bblish, kasbning fazilatlari, halol mehnat qilish kabi boblar yoritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi mashhur asar \u201cBo\u02bbston al-orifin\u201d kitobi hisoblanadi. Bu kitob axloq va tarbiyaga oid muhim manba bo\u02bblib, unda ta\u02bclim-tarbiyaga oid ko\u02bbp rivoyatlar, tarixiy voqealar, hikoyalar va hadislar keltirilgan. Asar 159 bobdan iborat bo\u02bblib, unda ilm o\u02bbrganish, salom berish, ovqatlanish odobi, ichimliklar, tabobat, ilm va adab fazilatlari kabi boblar mavjud. Mazkur kitob ham bir necha marta arab tilida nashr etilgan. Yurtimizda ham asarning o\u02bbzbek tilidagi nashri amalga oshirilib, keng jamoatchilikka yetib borgan[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida aytilganidek olim usul ad-din (kalom) ilmi bo\u02bbyicha ulkan ilmiy merosga ega. U asarlarda hanafiy-moturidiylik ta\u02bclimoti bir necha mavzular orqali tadqiq etilgan. Kalom ilmi bo\u02bbyicha asarlar quyidagilarni o\u02bbz ichiga oladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBayon aqida al-usul\u201d (\u201cAsosiy aqida bayoni\u201d) asari. Samarqandiyning ushbu asari kalom ilmiga oid bo\u02bblib, u yana \u201cUsul ad-din\u201d (\u201cDinning asosi\u201d) nomi bilan ham mashhur. Bunga kalom ilmi mazkur davrda \u201cusul ad-din\u201d nomi bilan nomlangani ham sabab bo\u02bblgan. Mazkur asar Indoneziya, Malayziya va Afrika mintaqasida ahli sunna val jamoa aqidasini jamlagan manba sifatida keng yoyilgan. Asar haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni A.V.Juynboll 1881 yilda Leydenda chop etgan risolasida aytib o\u02bbtadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAsror al-vahiy\u201d (\u201cVahiyning sir-asrorlari\u201d) asari.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRisola fi al-ma\u02bcrifa va iymon\u201d (\u201cIymon va ma\u02bcrifat (Allohni tanish) haqida risola\u201d) asari.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRisola fi al-hikam\u201d (\u201cHikmatlar haqida risola\u201d) asari.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQuvvat an-nafs fi ma\u02bcrifa al-arkon al-xoms\u201d (\u201cBesh arkonni bilishda nafsning quvvati\u201d) asari[5]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSharh al-fiqh al-akbar\u201d (\u201cKatta fiqhning sharhi\u201d) asari. Mazkur asar Abu Hanifaning \u201cal-Fiqh al-akbar\u201d asariga yozilgan sharh xisoblanadi. Ba\u02bczi manbalarda \u201cSharh al-fiqh al-absat\u201d nomi bilan ham zikr etilgan. Bunga Abu Hanifaning shogirdi Abu Muti\u02bc Balxiy ustozining kitobini shu nomda zikr etgani sabab bo\u02bblgan. \u201cSharh al-fiqh al-akbar\u201dda moturidiy maktabi vakillariga oid jumlalar uchrasa-da, tadqiqotchi Hans Daiber uni Abu Lays Samarqandiy qalamiga mansub ekanligini ta\u02bckidlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUqubat ahl al-kaboir\u201d (\u201cGunohi kabira ahlining oqibatlari\u201d) asari. Abu Lays Samarqandiyga nisbat berilgan mazkur asar Mustafo Abdulkarim Ato tomonidan 1983 yil Bayrutda va 1989 yil Bag\u02bbdodda nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida zikr etilgan asarlar soni va mavzularidan kelib chiqib aytish mumkinki, Abu Lays Samarqandiy o\u02bbz davrining islom ilmlarida yetuk olimlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan. Olim qaysi sohada faoliyat olib bormasin, uning qarashlari va sohaga oid kitoblari mazkur soha rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Lays Samarqandiyning kalom ilmidagi qarashlari Abu Hanifa va uning shogirdlarining hanafiy aqidasi borasidagi ta\u02bclimotlarini davom ettirgan hamda moturidiylik ta\u02bclimoti vakillarining fikrlari bilan hamohang bo\u02bblgan. Olimning kalom ilmiga oid merosi va ularda bayon etilgan masalalar mohiyati bunga yaqqol misol bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Abdulhay Laknaviy. Al-Favoid al-bahiyya fi tarojim al-hanafiyya. \u2013 Qohira: Dor al-kutub al-islomiyya, 1896. \u2013 J 1. B.: 220.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Abu Lays Nasr ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrohim Samarqandiy. U\u02bcyun al-masoil fi furu\u02bc al-hanafiyya. (Muhammad Nohiy tahqiqi ostida). \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kutub al-ilmiyya, 1998. B.:76.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Abulfido\u00a0 Zaynuddin\u00a0 Qosim\u00a0 ibn\u00a0 Qutlubug\u02bbo Suduniy. Toj at-tarojim. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-qalam, 1992. B.: 79.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Muhyiddin\u00a0 Ibn\u00a0 Muhammad\u00a0 Abdulqodir Hanafiy. Javohir al-muziyya fi tabaqot al-hanafiyya. \u2013 Ar-Riyoz: Dor al-ulum, 1993. \u2013 J 3. B.:544-545.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Hoji Xalifa Mustafo bin Abdulloh. Kashf az-zunun an asomiya al-kutub val funun. \u2013 Bayrut, Livan: Dor ihyo at-turos al-arabiy, 2008. \u2013 J 2. B.: 563,568.<\/span><\/div>\n
Abdullo ABDUVOXIDOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi II bosqich doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Movarounnahrda ijod qilgan mashhur hanafiy ulamolaridan biri alloma Abu Lays Samarqandiy hayoti va ilmiy faoliyati yurtimiz va chet el tadqiqotchilari tomonidan keng tadqiq etilgan. Mazkur tadqiqotlarning katta qismida olimni mashhur faqih va mufassir sifatida berilgan. Ushbu maqolada Abu Lays Samarqandiyning kalom ilmiga ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganishga alohida ahamiyat berilgan. Samarqandiyni hanafiy-moturidiy olimlaridan biri sifatida moturidiya ta\u02bclimoti …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24861&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24861&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-20T11:43:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_153.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24861&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24861&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ABU LAYS SAMARQANDIYNING MOTURIDIYLIKDAGI O\u02bbRNI - 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