{"id":24783,"date":"2022-10-19T10:22:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-19T05:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24783"},"modified":"2022-10-19T10:22:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-19T05:22:56","slug":"ilmiy-ijodda-intuitsiyaga-bo%ca%bblgan-munosabat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24783&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Intuitsiya ratsional va irratsional tafakkur, ijod, xususan, \u201cbadiiy va ilmiy ijod\u201d, \u201caql\u201d, \u201cxotira\u201d, \u201ctasavvur\u201d, \u201cdiqqat\u201d, \u201cfahm-farosat\u201d, \u201conglilik\u201d, \u201congsizlik\u201d, \u201cong osti sohasi\u201d va \u201cinstinkt\u201d kabilar bilan dialektik bog\u02bbliqlikdagi muhim tushunchadir. Intuitsiya, intuitiv bilish va tafakkur insonning nafaqat hissiy va aqliy bilish qobiliyati, balki ruhiyati bilan ham bevosita bog\u02bbliq murakkab, serqirra va yaxlit bilish jarayoni hisoblanadi. U lotincha \u201cintueri\u201d so\u02bbzidan olingan bo\u02bblib, diqqat bilan qarash (fahm-farosat), degan ma\u02bcnoni bildiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intellektual intuitsiya aqlning hodisalarning mohiyatini bevosita anglab yetishidir. Intuitsiya insayt, mushohada, mashaqqatli ilmiy izlanish, yangi dalillarni topish va ularni ilmiy gipotezalar, tizimlar, nazariyalar va qonunlarda ratsional, mantiqiy diskursiv anglab yetishdir. Intuitiv bilish bu kishining biror bir narsa yoki hodisa haqida muayyan tasavvurlarga, bilimlarga ega bo\u02bblishi va fikrini ma\u02bclum muammo yoki masalani yechishga yo\u02bbnaltirgan va shu asosda o\u02bbz fikrini rivojlantirayotgan paytda ro\u02bby beradigan jarayon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimlarning qayd etishicha, intuitiv bilish bu hissiy va mantiqiy bilishdan farq qilib, o\u02bbz tabiatiga ko\u02bbra hech bir vositasiz, hissiy idroksiz va mantiqiy muhokamasiz biror tasavvur yoki fikrning birdaniga, kutilmaganda tug\u02bbilishidir. Intuitsiyani o\u02bbrganish ilmiy bilishda hozirgi zamon konsepsiyasining yangi qirralarini ochish imkonini beruvchi bilimlarni hosil qilishda muhimdir. Falsafa tarixida intuitsiya Rene Dekartning intellektual intuitsiya g\u02bboyasi, Benidekt Spinozaning universal zaruratni anglash va bilishning asosi, I.Fixtening ichki harakat mahsuli irratsional bilish tarzi sifatida ifodalangani ko\u02bbrsatilgan. A.Shopengauer intuitsiyani \u201cfarosat\u201d tushunchasi bilan bog\u02bblagan. Foma Akvinskiy uni aql va e\u02bctiqod, fan va dinning uyg\u02bbunligi, Zigmund Freyd esa ongsizlikning ijoddagi ifodasi sifatida tushungan. F.Nisshe \u201cirratsionallik\u201d tushunchasini \u201caxloq\u201d tushunchasi bilan bog\u02bblab quyidagicha tushuntirgan: \u201cAxloq insondan ajralmagan, u yer yuzidan 20 ming metr balandlikda parvoz etuvchi ruh. Yangi hikmatlar aynan qalbda bo\u02bbladi\u201d [1:34-35]. G.Zimmel intuitsiyani tariflashda \u201chayotdan afzal\u201d, \u201chayotdan muhim\u201d tushunchalaridan foydalanadi. Hayotning birinchi darajasi \u2013 tabiat, oila, jamiyat ko\u02bbrinishida, ikkinchisi (oliy ruh) esa madaniyatning turlari sifatida namoyon bo\u02bbladi [2:34].<\/span><\/p>\n

Fransuz faylasufi A.Bergson o\u02bbzining \u201cOngning bevosita ma\u02bclumotlari\u201d nomli asarida mantiqiylik va intuitivlik bilishning bir-birini to\u02bbldiruvchi maxsus vositalari ekanini, ularni umumiy ijodiy jarayonning o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bbliq tomonlari sifatida tushunish va talqin etish lozimligini ta\u02bckidlaydi [3:210] va intuitsiyani o\u02bbrganishni falsafaning vazifasi deb hisoblaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

A.Bergson o\u02bbzining materiya va xotira asarida yuqori darajadagi intuitsiya shaklini spontan obrazli fikr yuritish qobiliyati deb ataydi. U spontan obrazli fikr yuritish qobiliyatini tafakkurdan ajratadi va kosmik darajadagi ruhiy energiya shakli deb hisoblaydi. Yuqorida aytganimizdek, bu his-tuyg\u02bbuga ruhiy muhabbat xosdir. Bu tuyg\u02bbu orqali inson tabiatdagi barcha mavjudotlarni his qilishi va ulardagi hayotiy kuch-quvvatga sherik bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Bergsonning ta\u02bckidlashicha, insonning tabiatdan begonalashuvi uning intuitiv his tuyg\u02bbusini so\u02bbndirib bormoqda. Faqatgina insonning hayoti katta xavf ostida qolgandagina unda intuitiv his-tuyg\u02bbu kuchayib boradi va u og\u02bbir vaziyatlardan chiqib ketish yo\u02bbllarini odamzodga ko\u02bbrsatadi. Bergson inson tafakkurini zulmatda yonib turgan shamga o\u02bbxshatsa, intuitsiyani butun borliqni yoritib turuvchi va unga hayotiy kuch beruvchi quyoshga o\u02bbxshatadi. Tafakkur qonun-qoidalari bilan chegaralangan insonning ongi bu quyosh nurini ilg\u02bbab olishga qodir emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bergson ruhning hayoti haqida yozar ekan, tafakkurni ham ruhiy energiya oqimining bir shakli deb hisoblaydi. Lekin aynan bu shakl qolipga tushib qolgan bir mexanizmga o\u02bbxshaydi. Unda ijodkorlik qobiliyati so\u02bbngan. Bergson insonda ijodiy qobiliyatni kuchaytirish uchun tafakkur va intuitsiyani birlashtirish kerak deb hisoblaydi. Uning aynan shu fikri yuqorida keltirilgan J.Rumiy va Sh.A.Gxoshning fikriga o\u02bbxshaydi. Bergson spontan obrazli ko\u02bbrish haqida yozar ekan, uni ong ostidagi timsollarga asoslangan deb hisoblaydi. Uning ong ostidagi spontan timsollari K.Yungning ong ostidagi timsollariga o\u02bbxshab ketadi. Hind yoga ta\u02bclimotida A.Gxosh intuitiv ko\u02bbrish haqida gapirar ekan, unga ong ostidagi spontan timsollar xos deb yozadi. U bu qobiliyatni ichki ko\u02bbrish deb ataydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Borliqdagi jamiki narsa va hodisalar o\u02bbzining muayyan shakliga, xususiyatiga, belgi-alomatlari va miqdoriga ega bo\u02bblib, shular orqali ularning sifati aniqlanadi. Bu holat miqdor o\u02bbzgarishlarining sifat o\u02bbzgarishlariga o\u02bbtishi qonunida aks etgan. Ayni paytda miqdor va sifat narsa va hodisalarning o\u02bbzaro munosabatlari haqida yaxlit bilim beruvchi falsafiy kategoriyalardir. Bilish jarayonida intuitsiya yo\u02bbq joydan paydo bo\u02bblmaydi, uning yuzaga kelishi uchun ijodkor izlanayotgan sohasi bo\u02bbyicha chuqur bilimga, ko\u02bbnikmaga, yetarli tajribaga ega bo\u02bblishi kerak va bundan tashqari obyektiv va subyektiv omillar mavjud bo\u02bblishi zarur. \u201cIntuitsiya \u2013 to\u02bbg\u02bbridan to\u02bbg\u02bbri, dalillar bilan asoslanmasdan turib haqiqatga yetishish qobiliyatini ifodalaydi. Ba\u02bczida inson fikri mavjud bo\u02bblgan bilish usullari doirasidan tashqariga chiqib, muammoga yangicha yondashish usulini ilg\u02bbab oladi va muammoga yechim topadi\u201d [4:102]. Mantiqiylik \u201cong osti\u201d darajasida ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblib, intuitiv bilishning tarkibiy qismidir. \u201cOng \u2013 inson miyasining faoliyati, mahsuli. Ong \u2013 insonning ruhiy holati\u201d [5:106]. Ilmiy bilishda mantiqiylik va intuitivlikni bir-birini to\u02bbldiruvchi vositalar, umumiy ijodiy jarayonning o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bbliq tomonlari sifatida tushunish va talqin etish lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, fan sohasidagi izlanishlar olimning ma\u02bcnaviy faoliyati hisoblanadi. Olim muayyan muammoning yechimi ustida ishlayotganda shu muammoga daxldor tadqiqot obyektini ilmiy o\u02bbrganish orqali uning mohiyati, aloqa va munosabatlari majmuini aniqlashni o\u02bbz oldiga maqsad qilib qo\u02bbyadi. Bunda u ilmiy bilishning mantiqiy metodologik asosi hisoblangan dialektikaga tayanadi. Dialektika esa olamdagi barcha jarayonlar obyektiv qonunlarning ro\u02bbyobga chiqishi degan g\u02bboyaga asoslanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Albatta, ilmiy kashfiyotlarda intuitsiyaning rolini inkor qilib bo\u02bblmaydi. Shuning uchun ham fransuz olimi M.Zaar o\u02bbzining \u201cIjod yo\u02bbllari\u201d nomli kitobida intuitsiya his-tuyg\u02bbular ham qodir bo\u02bblmagan narsaga qodirligini asoslash maqsadida: \u201cU narsalar borlig\u02bbini va ularni yashirin qiymatini (qadrini) qamraydi, zabt etadi\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlaydi. Intuitsiya ilmiy gipotezaga yo\u02bbl ochadi. Ilmiy ijodda ijodkor tasavvur va fantaziya orqali borliqdagi mavhumlikni darrov payqash mumkin bo\u02bblgan tarzda tasvirlaydi. Ammo tasavvur va intuitsiya aqliy chegarada olimlarning ilmiy kashfiyotlar qilishida qo\u02bbllanuvchi yordamchi vosita bo\u02bblib qoladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir-biridan chegaralangan intuitiv ma\u02bclumotlar yangi va haqiqiy bilimning ochilishiga vosita bo\u02bblib xizmat qiladi. Intuitsiya yangi g\u02bboyani ochishda fanda metod vosita vazifasida ko\u02bbrinadi. Bu metodologik evristik bilish intuitsiyasi \u201ckutilmagan fikr\u201d tarzida \u201cyorishuvdek\u201d tasvirlanadi. Intuitiv bilish imkoniyatining muammosi (vositasiz) bilish fikrdan aynan fikrga olib boradi. Bunda bilishning mohiyati haqida savol turadi. Intuitsiyaning asosida esa bilishning mohiyati \u2013 haqiqat yotadi. Falsafa tarixida intuitiv bilish mutlaq haqiqatni, vositasiz yorishuvni va yorqin bilishni anglatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bilish jarayonida tasavvur, xotira, diqqat, fahm-farosat kabi tushunchalar intuitsiyaning asosi sifatida o\u02bbrganilgan. \u201cTasavvur \u2013 bu hissiylik, mantiqiylik va intuitivlikning o\u02bbziga xos uyg\u02bbunligi bo\u02bblib, bunda tafakkur hissiy obrazlarni umumlashtirib ularga mazmun bag\u02bbishlaydi\u201d [6:133]. Ijodiy tasavvurning kuchi hosil qilingan bilimning o\u02bbziga xosligida, muammoning o\u02bbzgacha yechimlarining topilishida namoyon bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xullas intuitiv bilish jarayonida inson intihoga emas, balki ibtidoga qarab intiladi. Intuitiv bilish muammo yechimini izlash jarayonida tarixiylik va mantiqiylikka asoslanib, obyektiv xulosa chiqarish imkonini yaratadi va bu jarayon muammo haqida yangi bir fikrning paydo bo\u02bblishiga olib keladi. Nazarimizda, intellektual intuitsiya bir vaqtning o\u02bbzida ratsional va irratsional tafakkur birligida aks etuvchi bilish jarayonidir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
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    A.P.Kuxtenkov. Georg Zimmel i Karl Yaspers o tragicheskom polojenii cheloveka v sovremennoy kulture \/\/ Filosofiya. Nauka. Kultura. V\u044bp. 6: Sb. st. slushateley, soiskateley kafedr\u044b filosofii IPPK MGU. \u2013M.: MGU, 2003.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    A.Bergson. Filosofskaya intuitsiya \/\/ Put v filosofiyu: Antologiya. \u2013M.: Nauka, 2001.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    M.N.Abdullayeva. Milliy g\u02bboyaning ilmiy-falsafiy asoslari. \u2013T.: Falsafa va huquq instituti, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    B.O.To\u02bbrayev. Borliq: mohiyati, shakllari, xususiyati. \u2013T.: Falsafa va huquq instituti, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    O.V.Stepanosova. Sovremenn\u044bye predstavleniya ob intuitsii \/\/ Vopros\u044b psixologii, 2003. \u2013 \u2116 4.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Zoyira NADIROVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari universiteti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Qarshi filiali tadqiqotchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Intuitsiya ratsional va irratsional tafakkur, ijod, xususan, \u201cbadiiy va ilmiy ijod\u201d, \u201caql\u201d, \u201cxotira\u201d, \u201ctasavvur\u201d, \u201cdiqqat\u201d, \u201cfahm-farosat\u201d, \u201conglilik\u201d, \u201congsizlik\u201d, \u201cong osti sohasi\u201d va \u201cinstinkt\u201d kabilar bilan dialektik bog\u02bbliqlikdagi muhim tushunchadir. Intuitsiya, intuitiv bilish va tafakkur insonning nafaqat hissiy va aqliy bilish qobiliyati, balki ruhiyati bilan ham bevosita bog\u02bbliq murakkab, serqirra va yaxlit bilish jarayoni hisoblanadi. U …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24783&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24783&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-19T05:22:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_152.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24783&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24783&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ILMIY IJODDA INTUITSIYAGA BO\u02bbLGAN MUNOSABAT - 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