{"id":24575,"date":"2022-10-10T09:31:57","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T04:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24575"},"modified":"2022-10-10T09:31:57","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T04:31:57","slug":"sharq-va-g%ca%bbarb-sivilizatsiyalarini-tutashtirgan-mutafakkirlar2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24575&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SHARQ VA G\u02bbARB SIVILIZATSIYALARINI TUTASHTIRGAN MUTAFAKKIRLAR(2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu maqolada Sharqni, xususan, O\u02bbrta Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishda ilmiy, madaniy, ma\u02bcrifiy va ma\u02bcnaviy sohada o\u02bbzining ilmiy kashfiyotlari bilan katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan barcha allomalar haqida emas, balki faqat Muhammad al-Xorazmiy, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Ibn Sino, Abu Nasr Forobiy haqida fikr yuritdik. XI-XII asrlarda O\u02bbrta Osiyoda fanning turli sohalarida samarali faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatib bu zaminda sivilizatsiyani yuzaga kelishiga o\u02bbzining hissasini qo\u02bbshgan olimlarning soni, ayrim ma\u02bclumotlarda keltirilishicha 300 dan ortiq bo\u02bblgan. Ularning barchasini o\u02bbz yo\u02bbnalishida fundamental tarzda o\u02bbrganish talab etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xorazm Ma\u02bcmun akademiyasida faoliyat olib borgan va uni Mahmud G\u02bbaznaviy tarqatib yuborganidan keyin boshqa mamlakatlarga tarqalib ketgan xorazmlik mutafakkirlarning ilmiy merosini G\u02bbarblik va Rossiyalik olimlar fundamental tarzda o\u02bbrgangan. Ular ham tarqoq holda, u yoki bu hududda, bir markaz doirasida tadqiqot olib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayni paytda nomlari u yoki bu manbalarda keltirilgan, ammo ularning ilmiy, madaniy, ma\u02bcrifiy va ma\u02bcnaviy sohada qo\u02bblga kiritgan ilmiy yutuqlari umuman o\u02bbrganilmay qolayotgan allomalarimiz ham ko\u02bbpchilikni tashkil qiladi. Ayniqsa, O\u02bbzbekistonda ana shu allomalarning merosini o\u02bbrganish talab darajasida emas desak adolatli bo\u02bbladi. O\u02bbrta Osiyoda shakllangan birinchi Renessans va uning yuzaga kelishi, unda amalga oshirilgan kashfiyotlarni fundamental tarzda o\u02bbrganish hamon o\u02bblda-jo\u02bblda qolayotgani achinarlidir. Bugun biz ularni faqat tilga olish va faxrlanish bilan chegaralanib qolayapmiz. Bu yo\u02bbnalishda amalga oshirilayotgan ishlar esa, okeandan tomchi xolos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zamon shiddat bilan o\u02bbzgarmoqda, insoniyatning ehtiyojini qondiradigan texnika va texnologiyalar yuksak darajada rivojlandi, shunday sharoitda meroslarni o\u02bbrganishga vaqt va mablag\u02bb sarflash kerakmi? degan fikrdagi insonlar ham uchrab turadi. Shuni esdan chiqarmasligimiz kerakki, bugun ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat sohasida qo\u02bblga kiritilgan va kiritilayotgan barcha yutug\u02bbimizning zaminida ajdodlarimizning bizga qoldirgan merosi bor. Biz bugungi kunda ham o\u02bbz ahamiyatini saqlab qolayotgan ko\u02bbpgina manbalardan bexabar qolmoqdamiz. Ularni o\u02bbrganish, tahlil qilish, tegishli ilmiy xulosalar ishlab chiqish va ommalashtirish ilm-fanimiz, madaniyatimiz, ma\u02bcrifatimiz, ma\u02bcnaviyatimizning buguni va istiqboli uchun nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta Osiyoda yuzaga kelgan Ikkinchi Renessans bo\u02bbsh joyda emas, balki Birinchi Renessansning ta\u02bcsiri katta bo\u02bblgan hududda yuzaga keldi. Birinchi Renessans IX-XII asrlar oralig\u02bbida sodir bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, undan 2-2,5 asrdan keyin, ya\u02bcni XIV-XVI asrlarda Ikkinchi Renessans yuzaga keldi. Lekin oradagi vaqtga qaramasdan ularning o\u02bbrtasida o\u02bbzaro bog\u02bbliqlik borligini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Birinchi Renessans davrida matematika, astronomiya, meditsina, davlat boshqaruvi va boshqa sohalarda qo\u02bblga kiritilgan kashfiyotlar Ikkinchi Renessansning yuzaga kelishiga asos bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, ularni Ikkinchi Renessansni yuzaga keltirgan mutafakkirlar ijodiy rivojlantirdi. Unda ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat sohasida juda katta yutuqlar qo\u02bblga kiritildi. Ularning barchasi uchun Muhammad Tarag\u02bbay Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek (1394-1449 yy.) tashkil etgan akademiya ilmiy markaz bo\u02bblgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchi Renessans davrida qo\u02bblga kiritilgan yutuqlar O\u02bbrta Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishda muhim omil bo\u02bblgan edi. Xususan, Ikkinchi Renessans Amir Temur va Temuriylar nomi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Amir Temur (1336-1405)ning xizmatlari faqat O\u02bbrta Osiyoda Markazlashgan davlat barpo etishi, kuchli sarkardaligi, yirik davlatni barpo etishi va uni yuksak mahorat bilan boshqarishigina emas, shular bilan bir qatorda ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyatni rivojlantirishida, Samarqandni o\u02bbz davlatining markaziga aylantirib, uni dunyo sivilizatsiyasi markazlaridan biri sifatida rivojlantirganida ham namoyon bo\u02bblgan edi. U asos solgan saltanatda ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyatni rivojlantirish ustuvor maqsadlardan biri bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temurning O\u02bbrta Osiyoni g\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishdagi xizmatlarini taxminan uch sohaga ajratib o\u02bbrganish mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinchisi<\/u>, uning kuchli markazlashgan davlatni tashkil qilishi va uni mahorat bilan boshqarishi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbillar bosqinida ezilgan xalqning dardiga darmon bo\u02bblib, uning qaddini ko\u02bbtarib, ruh bag\u02bbishlashi. Davlatni boshqarishda adolatni o\u02bbrnatishi. O\u02bbz mamlakati va xalqining manfaati yo\u02bblida to\u02bbsiq bo\u02bblgan dushmanlarga qarshi olib borgan janglarda ko\u02bbrsatgan qahramonlik va mahorati. G\u02bbarbda uning bunday faoliyatini tajriba maktabi sifatida e\u02bctirof etilgani.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchisi<\/u>, Samarqandni ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat gullab yashnagan shahar darajasida rivojlantirishi. G\u02bbarb mamlakatlari jumladan, Ispaniya, Fransiya, Angliya va boshqa mamlakatlar bilan turli sohada aloqa o\u02bbrnatib, o\u02bbz mamlakatini G\u02bbarb mamlakatlari bilan hamkorlikda rivojlanishidagi ulkan xizmatlari.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchisi<\/u>, Sharqning madaniyat va ma\u02bcrifat sohasida ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan allomalarini Samarqandga to\u02bbplashi. O\u02bbrta Osiyolik olimlarga o\u02bbz faoliyatini olib borishida va bu zaminda dunyo sivilizatsiyasiga katta xizmat qiladigan allomalarning yetishib chiqishiga xomiylik qilgani. Dunyo ilm-fani, madaniyati, ma\u02bcrifati va ma\u02bcnaviyati sohasida Temuriylar nomini olgan sivilizatsiyaning shakllanishida qilgan xizmatlari.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temurning ishtiroki va ko\u02bbrsatmasi asosida dunyo madaniyatining durdonasiga aylangan Samarqand 600 yildan ortiq vaqt o\u02bbtgan bo\u02bblsa ham xalqimizning, qolaversa butun dunyo xalqlarining ma\u02bcnan boyishiga xizmat qilib kelmoqda. 1996 yilda Amir Temur tavalludining 600 yilligi munosabati bilan Toshkentning \u201cTurkiston\u201d saroyida uning faoliyati va xizmatlariga bag\u02bbishlab o\u02bbtkazilgan xalqaro ilmiy konferensiyada (bu konferensiyada kamina ham ishtirok etgan edi) Erondan kelgan professorning Amir Temurga bag\u02bbishlab G\u02bbarbda 1,5 mingta, Sharqda mingdan ortiq turli yo\u02bbnalishdagi asarlar yaratilgani haqida bergan ma\u02bclumotining o\u02bbzi uning qanchalik buyukligidan dalolat beradi. Afsuski, O\u02bbzbekistonda buyuk bobomiz haqida to\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumot haligacha to\u02bbplanmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur o\u02bbz davrida yaratgan va bizga qoldirgan madaniy va ma\u02bcrifiy meros bugun ham O\u02bbzbekistonning dunyodagi nufuzini mustahkamlanishiga G\u02bbarb va Sharq xalqlarining o\u02bbzaro hamkorligining rivojlanishiga va ma\u02bcnan boyishiga xizmat qilib kelmoqda. Amir Temurning nevarasi astronom, matematik va davlat arbobi Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek va uning safdoshi, ulug\u02bb shoir Alisher Navoiy (1441-1501), Sharq miniatyura maktabining ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan vakili Kamoliddin Behzod (1455-1535) va boshqa allomalar Markaziy Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Xususan, Ulug\u02bbbek yaratgan astronomik jadval 1646 yildan boshlab Angliya, Fransiya, Belgiya va Yevropaning boshqa mamlakatlarida chop etildi. Bu jadval 1917 yilda AQSHda ham nashr etildi [3.413 b.]. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek G\u02bbarb va Sharq xalqlarining fan, madaniyat va ma\u02bcrifatini hamkorlikda rivojlanishiga o\u02bbzining beqiyos hissasini qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharqni, xususan, O\u02bbrta Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishda katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan allomalardan yana biri Alisher Navoiydir. U o\u02bbzining she\u02bcriyati va dostonlarida xalqlarning do\u02bbstligini kuylaydi va ezgulik, insoniylik va baxtli hayotga erishish orzularini tarannum etadi. \u201cUning dostonlarining qahramonlari turli mamlakat, turli xalqning vakillaridir: Shirin \u2013 arman qizi, Farhod \u2013 Chin o\u02bbg\u02bbloni, eronlik Shopur, hind Ma\u02bcsud, Layli va Majnun arab eliga mansub, Iskandar va uning maslahatchilari bo\u02bblmish Aristotel, Buqrot, Suqrot kabilar yunonlardir\u201d [3.19 b.]. Buyuk shoir va davlat arbobi Alisher Navoiy yashagan davr juda murakkab bo\u02bblib, taxt uchun kurashlar, davlatlararo munosabatlar chigallashgan, dunyoning turli hududlarida katta-kichik urushlar davom etayotgan davr edi. Alisher Navoiy ana shunday murakkab vaziyatni yumshatish, xalqlar va davlatlarning hamkorlikda rivojlanishi uchun o\u02bbz she\u02bcr va dostonlarida do\u02bbstlik, hamkorlik g\u02bboyalarini ilgari surdi. Ya\u02bcni u ilm-fan, madaniyat va ma\u02bcrifat orqali dunyo hududlarini o\u02bbzaro tutashtirishga salmoqli hissa qo\u02bbshgan alloma darajasida faoliyat olib bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharqni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan mutafakkirlardan yana biri Kamoliddin Behzod edi. U Alisher Navoiyning asarlaridan bahra olib, o\u02bbz asarlari bilan Sharq miniatyura maktabining asoschisi sifatida e\u02bctirof etildi. Kamoliddin Behzod Sharq xalqlarining ma\u02bcnaviy dunyosi ta\u02bcsirida ulug\u02bb rassom darajasiga ko\u02bbtarildi. U o\u02bbsha davrda dunyoda e\u02bctirof etilgan G\u02bbarbning ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan rassomlarining asarlarini ham sinchiklab o\u02bbrgandi va ulardan o\u02bbz ijodida foydalandi. U Sharq va G\u02bbarb san\u02bcatini uyg\u02bbunlikda o\u02bbzlashtirib, ularni o\u02bbz asarlarida aks ettirdi va dunyoda \u201cSharq Rafaeli\u201d degan e\u02bctirofga sazovor bo\u02bbldi. Ya\u02bcni u bu bilan dunyoning eng yirik rassomi deb e\u02bctirof etilgan Rafael darajasida G\u02bbarb va Sharqning tutashishiga o\u02bbzining beqiyos hissasini qo\u02bbshdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bblkamizda Sharqni, xususan, O\u02bbrta Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat arboblari ko\u02bbplab yetishib chiqqan. Ularning har birining xizmatlarini alohida o\u02bbrganib chiqish, fikr yuritish va ahamiyatini ko\u02bbrsatish uchun kompleks va fundamental tarzda o\u02bbrganish talab etiladi. Chunki ular dunyo xalqlarining o\u02bbzligidan va bir-biridan begonalashishi kuchayayotgan bugungi kunda amaliy ahamiyatga ega. Dunyo bepoyon va ayni paytda nihoyatda \u201ctor\u201d, ana shu ikki holatni aniq tasavvur etib mazmun-mohiyatiga tushunib yetsak bugun yuzaga kelgan global muammolarning yechimini topish, yagona kuch sifatida harakat qilish imkoniyati yuzaga keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta Osiyoda IX-XII va XIV-XVI asrlarda yuzaga kelgan ikki uyg\u02bbonish davrida fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat sohasida qo\u02bblga kiritilgan yutuqlarning o\u02bbsha davrdagi taraqqiyotdan orqada qolib kelayotgan G\u02bbarbga, uning uyg\u02bbonish davriga o\u02bbtkazgan ta\u02bcsiri fanda aniq ma\u02bclumotlar asosida o\u02bbzining isbotini topgan. Jumladan, XX asrning boshida yashab ijod qilgan rus sharqshunos faylasuf olimi Oldenburgning quyidagi fikri buning isbotidir: \u201cYevropaning ma\u02bcnaviyat sohasida shu kungacha qo\u02bblga kiritgan yutuqlari o\u02bbtmishda Sharq ma\u02bcnaviyatida ko\u02bbtarilgan kamolot cho\u02bbqqisiga nisbatan go\u02bbdak bolaning \u201cchug\u02bbur-chug\u02bburi\u201d darajasidadir\u201d [10.34 b.]. Mashhur ingliz olimasi Xilda Xukxem esa Amir Temurning va O\u02bbrta Osiyoning G\u02bbarbning uyg\u02bbonishiga ta\u02bcsirini quyidagicha ta\u02bcriflaydi: \u201cAmir Temurning beshigini tebratgan zaminda, X-XI asrlardayoq filosofiya, tibbiyot, matematika, astronomiya, geografiya, nazm va tarixnavislik borasida jahonshumul asarlar yaratilgan. Bu beqiyos ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy taraqqiyot Yevropa uyg\u02bbonish davriga turtki berdi va Yevropa ilm-fani kamol topishiga mustahkam asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qildi\u201d [10.34 b.]. Bunday e\u02bctiroflarni ko\u02bbplab keltirish mumkin. Gap ularda emas, balki ikkita uyg\u02bbonish davrini bosib o\u02bbtgan va bu davrda ilm-fan, madaniyat, ma\u02bcrifat va ma\u02bcnaviyat sohasida katta kashfiyotlar yarata olgan va ular bilan Yevropaning uyg\u02bbonishiga o\u02bbzining ta\u02bcsirini o\u02bbtkazgan O\u02bbrta Osiyoning Yevropadan orqada qolib ketishiga nimalar sabab bo\u02bblganida.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buning sababini tadqiqotchilar turlicha talqin qilmoqda. Ularning aksariyat ko\u02bbpchiligi Markaziy Osiyoning Yevropa taraqqiyot darajasidan orqada qolib ketishiga asosiy sabab qilib, Amir Temurning markazlashgan davlatining parchalanib ketishini ko\u02bbrsatmoqda. Bunday qarashlarga e\u02bctirozimiz yo\u02bbq. Ammo nega qoloqlikning bugungi kungacha davom etayotgani haqidagi ilmiy asoslangan fundamental g\u02bboyalar haligacha yo\u02bbq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuning uchun ham biz bugun ajdodlarimizning bizga qoldirgan ilmiy merosidan faqat faxrlanish va g\u02bbururlanish bilan cheklanib qolmoqdamiz. Shu ma\u02bcnoda o\u02bbtmishda O\u02bbrta Osiyo sivilizatsiyasidan bahra olgan va XXI asr sivilizatsiyasining markaziga aylangan Yevropa tajribasining qaysi birini amaliyotda qo\u02bbllashimiz mumkinligiga bag\u02bbishlangan umumlashgan fundamental g\u02bboyalarni ishlab chiqishga ehtiyoj kuchayib bormoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    S<\/strong>adulla\u00a0<\/strong>OTAMURATOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa fanlari doktori,\u00a0<\/strong>professor<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bu maqolada Sharqni, xususan, O\u02bbrta Osiyoni G\u02bbarb bilan tutashtirishda ilmiy, madaniy, ma\u02bcrifiy va ma\u02bcnaviy sohada o\u02bbzining ilmiy kashfiyotlari bilan katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan barcha allomalar haqida emas, balki faqat Muhammad al-Xorazmiy, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Ibn Sino, Abu Nasr Forobiy haqida fikr yuritdik. XI-XII asrlarda O\u02bbrta Osiyoda fanning turli sohalarida samarali faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatib bu zaminda sivilizatsiyani yuzaga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSHARQ VA G\u02bbARB SIVILIZATSIYALARINI TUTASHTIRGAN MUTAFAKKIRLAR(2-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SHARQ VA G\u02bbARB SIVILIZATSIYALARINI TUTASHTIRGAN MUTAFAKKIRLAR(2-qism)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24575&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SHARQ VA G\u02bbARB SIVILIZATSIYALARINI TUTASHTIRGAN MUTAFAKKIRLAR(2-qism) - 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