{"id":24439,"date":"2022-10-04T09:43:33","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T04:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=24439"},"modified":"2022-10-04T09:43:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T04:43:33","slug":"islomshunoslikda-ma%ca%bcruza-muhodara-ilmining-shakllanishi-va-rivojlanishi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ko\u02bbpgina islomshunos va tarixchi olimlar islom tamadduniga hissa qo\u02bbshgan asarlarning yaratilishini ikkinchi hijriy asrga, ya\u02bcni Qur\u02bconi karim, Hadisi sharif va ular bilan bog\u02bbliq ilmlarga bag\u02bbishlangan asarlarni yaratish, shuningdek, chet tilida yozilgan ilmiy asarlarni tarjima qilish bilan bog\u02bblaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haqiqat shuki, (ilmiy asarlarni) yozish va yaratish arab yoki forslarning ustunligi bilan emas, balki barchani ilm olishga da\u02bcvat qilgan va bilimni ilgari surgan yangi aqida tufayli sodir bo\u02bbldi. Ilmiy asarlarni yozish va yaratish shu bilimning samarasi edi [1]. Ilmiy kitob va asarlarning ilk ko\u02bbrinishi risolalar shaklida yaratilgan. Mashhur yozuvchilar yaratgan turli ilmiy yo\u02bbnalishdagi ilk risolalarning sarasiga quyidagilar kiritilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

Rasailu-l-Jaxiz (Joxiz risolalari), Rasailu ibnu-l-A\u02bcmid (Ibn Amid risolalari) (v. 970), Rasailu-s-Sohib ibn A\u02bcbbad (Sohib bin Abbad risolalari) (v. 995), Rasail Abi Bakr al-Xarazmiy (Abu Bakr Xorazmiy risolalari) (v. 993), Rasail Abi Fadl Badi\u02bcu-z-Zaman al-Hamazaniy (Abu Fazl Badiuz Zamon Hamazoniy risolalari) (v. 1007), Rasail ixvani Safo (Safo birodarlari risolalari) va boshqalar. Bu risolalardan tashqari Johiliya davri arab she\u02bcriyatining namunalari, maqol va hikmatli so\u02bbzlarni o\u02bbzida jamlagan asarlar ham yaratildi. Bu asarlarning barchasi, \u201cMa\u02bcruza (muhodara) ilmi\u201dning shakllanishiga yordam bergan ilmiy manbalar hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201d nimaligini va uning ta\u02bcrifini ko\u02bbrib chiqsak. \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201d arab ilmlarining muhim yo\u02bbnalishi bo\u02bblib, bu yo\u02bbnalishda ko\u02bbplab olimlar ijod qilib, qimmatli asarlar yaratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asr arab adabiyoti dunyo xalqlarining adabiyotidan o\u02bbzining turli xilligi va serqirra janrlari bilan ajralib turadi. Unda Johiliya davrining qasida va \u201cmuallaqa\u201dlari va arab xalifaligi davrida, ya\u02bcni VIII-IX asrlarda rivojlangan yunon, fors va suryoniy tilidagi asarlarning tarjimalari bilan boyitilgan ma\u02bclumotlarni ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201d(\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a)ga kelsak, bu yo\u02bbnalish nasr va she\u02bcr janrida yozilgan adabiy kitoblar, shuningdek, arablar va musulmonlar egallagan barcha ilmlar bo\u02bbyicha yozilgan kitoblarni anglatadi. Hoji Xalifa bu ilmni shunday ta\u02bcriflaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/strong>\u00a0[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBu ilm orqali biror kishining gapini zarur vaziyatda o\u02bbziga xos uslubda yetkazish malakasiga ega bo\u02bblinadi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir ta\u02bcrifda al-Qanujiy shunday deydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0[3]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMa\u02bcruzalar (ilmi) \u2013 Gap davomida balog\u02bbat ilmi olimlarining gapini vaziyatga munosib ravishda hikoya usulida qo\u02bbllash\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ilm ma\u02bconiy ilmiga juda yaqin, ularning orasidagi farq shundaki, \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201dda vaziyat taqozosiga qarab, olim va fozil kishilarning fikrlarini tinglovchiga yetkazish bo\u02bblsa, Ma\u02bconiy ilmida esa so\u02bbzlovchi tinglovchiga uning holati va vaziyatidan kelib chiqib gapirishidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ilm arab ilmlarining ichida muhim va juda manfaatlidir. Unda Qur\u02bconi karim, hadis, she\u02bcr, maqol, frazeologik birikmalar, arab va ajam olimlarining muayyan mavzular bo\u02bbyicha fikrlari keltiriladi. Ibn Xatib bu ilmning ahamiyati haqida shunday fikrni bildiradi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. [4]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u201dMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201d muhovara (suhbat) turidagi foydali ilmdir, u arab ilmi ichidagi yuksak ilm, adabiyot san\u02bcati ichidagi nafis san\u02bcatdir. Unga barcha toifadagi odamlar muhtoj bo\u02bblib, buyuk olimlar ham murojaat qilgan\u201d. Ibn Xatibning yuqoridagi fikricha, bu ilm arab ilmi ichida yuqori o\u02bbrin egallagan. Ilmlar tasnifi yo\u02bbnalishida faoliyat olib borgan olimlar bu ilmni quyidagicha tasnif qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ular quyidagilar:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Lug\u02bbat ilmi (leksikologiya);<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Sarf ilmi (morfologiya);<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Nahv ilmi (grammatika);<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Ma\u02bconiy ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Bayon ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Badi\u02bc ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Aruz ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Qofiya ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Yozuv qoidalari ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. O\u02bbqish qoidalari ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Risola va xutbalar yozish ilmi;<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Ma\u02bcruzalar ilmi, u tarix ilmini ham qamrab oladi [5].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201c<\/strong>Ma\u02bcruzalar ilmi<\/strong>\u201dning<\/strong>\u00a0rivojlanishi.\u00a0<\/strong>Johiz \u201cal-Bayan va tabyin\u201d, \u201cal-Buxala\u201d va \u201cal-Hayvan\u00bb kabi asarlari bilan arab adabiyotida yetakchi olim hisoblansa-da, \u201cMa\u02bcruza ilmi\u201dga to\u02bbliq mos keluvchi \u201cU\u02bcyun al-axbar\u201d asarini ilk bor Ibn Qutayba (v. 889) yozgan. Bu asar mavzulari va turli sohalarni yoritgani bilan \u201cMa\u02bcruza ilmi\u201dning shakllangani va rivojlanganini o\u02bbzida aks etdi. Ibn Qutaybadan so\u02bbng bu yo\u02bbnalishda yaratilgan asarlarga talab va ehtiyoj yuqori bo\u02bbldi. Bu yo\u02bbnalishda yaratilgan mashhur asarlar quyidagilar:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u2013 Abu Amr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdu Rabbih (v. 940)ning \u201cal-I\u02bcqdu-l-farid\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 Abu Ali al-Muhassin bin Ali at-Tanuxiy (v. 994)ning \u201cNishvaru-l-muhodara va axbaru-l-muzakara\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 Abul Faraj al-Mua\u02bcfiy bin Zakariya an-Nahravaniy al-Jaririy (v. 1000)ning \u201cal-Jalis-u-solihu-l-kofiy va-l-anisu-n-nosihu-sh-shofi\u02bc\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 Abu Sa\u02bcd Mansur bin Xusayn al-Abi (v. 1030)ning \u201cNasru-d-dur\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 Abu Umar Yusuf bin Abdul-bir an-Hamriy al-Qurtubiy (v. 1071)ning \u201cBahjatu-l-majalis va anasu-l-majalis va shahzu-z-zihni va-l-hajis\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 ar-Rog\u02bbib al-Isfahoniy (v. 1109)ning \u201cMuhadarotu-l-udaba va muhavaratu-sh-shu\u02bcaro va-l-bulog\u02bba\u201d asari;<\/span><\/div>\n
    \u2013 Abu-l-Ma\u02bcaliy Bahauddin Muhammad bin Hasan bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Hamdun al-Bag\u02bbdodiy (v. 1167)ning \u201cat Tazkiratu-l-hamduniya\u201d asari.<\/span><\/div>\n

    \u201cMa\u02bcruza ilmi\u201dga oid asarlarning mualliflari o\u02bbz kitoblarini asar mazmunidan kelib chiqib kitob, bob, fasl va sayohat kabi bo\u02bblimlarga taqsimlagan. Ibn Qutayba o\u02bbzining asaridagi mavzularni \u201ckitob\u201dga ajratib, asar muqaddimasida shunday deydi: \u201cXabar va she\u02bcrlarni turkumlarga ajratganimda, ularni yo\u02bbnalishi jihatidan bir-biridan farq qilishi va boblari ko\u02bbpligini ko\u02bbrdim. Ularni \u00abkitob\u201dlarda jamladim\u2026 birinchi kitob: \u2026 Sulton kitobi\u2026 ikkinchi kitob: Urush kitobi\u2026va o\u02bbninchi kitob: Ayollar kitobi\u00bb [6]. Shu yo\u02bbnalishda yozilgan yana bir mashhur asarlardan biri andalusiyalik Abu Amr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdu Rabbihiga tegishli. U o\u02bbz asarini qo\u02bbyidagi tartibda shakllantirganini yozadi: \u201cMen bu kitobni turli xil so\u02bbz marvaridlari, to\u02bbg\u02bbri va tartibli quymalari mavjudligi uchun \u00abal-I\u02bcqd al-Farid\u201d (Tengsiz marjon) deb nomladim. Men uni yigirma beshta kitobga ajratdim. Har bir kitob ikki qismga bo\u02bblingan, jami ellik qismdan iborat yigirma beshta kitob. Ularning har biriga marjon javohirlari nomi berilgan, birinchisi: Sulton haqidagi marjon kitobi, keyingisi urushlar haqidagi dur kitob, keyin saxiylik va baxillik haqidagi qimmatli tosh\u00bb [7]. Ko\u02bbpgina mualliflar o\u02bbz kitoblarini boblarga taqsimlagan. Bulardan Ibn Abdu-l-bir o\u02bbzining \u201cBahjatu-l-majalis\u201d asarini boblarga taqsimlab, 132 bobga ajratgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mahmud Zamaxshariy ham arab ilmiga oid boshqa asarlari bilan bir qatorda arab ilmining yana bir muhim yo\u02bbnalishi bo\u02bblmish \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201d bo\u02bbyicha \u201cRabi\u02bcu-l-abror va nususu-l-axbor\u201d asarini yaratgan. Bu asar uning muqaddimasida keltirilgan ma\u02bclumotga ko\u02bbra mashhur \u201cal-Kashshof\u201d asaridan keyin, ya\u02bcni hijriy 528 yilda allomaning Makkadalik davrida yozilgan. Alloma bu xususida quyidagicha yozadi: \u201cBu kitobni, \u00abal-Kashshof\u201dning o\u02bbquvchilari zehniga dam berishi, bilim va qobiliyatlarini fikrlashga ishlatib, bundan toliqqan dillariga orom berishi, zerikkanlarida o\u02bbqib zavqlanishlari uchun yozdim\u2026 Undan Kasir bin Abdurahmonning Izzaga yozgan g\u02bbazallari va Jamil bin Abdullohning go\u02bbzal she\u02bcrlarini o\u02bbqiysan. Yaxshi suhbatdosh xohlasang, undan yaxshi suhbatdosh yo\u02bbq, yangi xabar kerak bo\u02bblsa, undan yaxshi xabarchi yo\u02bbq. Huznga moyil bo\u02bblsang ko\u02bbz yoshingni shashqator oqizar, shodon kulgi kerak bo\u02bblsa, undan ichak uzdi latifalar topasan\u00bb [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu asar tarkibiy jihatdan 98 bobdan, ba\u02bczi manbalarda yozilishicha 92 bobdan iborat (Kashfuz-zunun). Asar \u201cVaqt, dunyo va oxirat haqidagi\u201d bob bilan boshlanib, \u201cHashorotlar, yer yuzidagi boshqa hayvonlar va ular bilan bog\u02bbliq narsalar haqidagi\u201d bob bilan yakunlanadi. Asardagi mavzular tartibi alifbo tartibida tuzilgan. Asar din, axloq, geografiya, nabotot va boshqa ilmlarni qamrab olgan. Har bir bob Qur\u02bconning oyatlari va mavzuga oid hadislar, allomalarning fikrlari va shoirlarning she\u02bcrlari bilan yoritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qur\u02bconi karimning va hadislarning jamlanishi tafsir, fiqh, siyrat, mantiq, sarf, nahv, balog\u02bbat va boshqa islom ilmlarini rivojlanishiga turtki bo\u02bbldi. Bu esa o\u02bbz navbatida, yuqorida zikr qilingan ilmlar bilan birga yunon va fors madaniyati, johiliya davri she\u02bcriyati va adabiyotini jamlagan \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201dga asos bo\u02bbldi. \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201dda yaratilgan manbalarni o\u02bbrganish davomida ular turli diniy va dunyoviy ilmlarni qamrab olganini ko\u02bbramiz. Asarlarning bunday tuzilishi, turli sohadagi olim va tadqiqotchilarga, xususan, islomshunos olimlarga islom davri va undan oldingi davrdagi ma\u02bclumotlarni o\u02bbrganish imkonini beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cRabi\u02bcu-l-abror va nususu-l-axbor\u201d asari ham \u201cMa\u02bcruzalar ilmi\u201dda yozilgan eng mashhur asarlardan biri bo\u02bblib, islomshunoslikdagi muhim manba hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    1. Mahmud Zamaxshariy. Muqadimatu-l-adab \/Nashrga tayyorlovchi Z.Islomov-TIU. T.:2002.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. .\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0639\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0637 \u060c 6 \/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1991\u0645 \u060c \u0635 55.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. 2.\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1982 \u06452 \u0635. 1609<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. .\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1978\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u06451 \u0635 501.<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. \u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u063512<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. .\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0644. \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0635 24. \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1990<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 -\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. 1418<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      .41\/1 .\u0647\u0640<\/span><\/div>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1983. 1\u0645\u060c \u06357<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        .\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06451\u060c \u063527<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n

        Bahodir PIRMUHAM\u0415DOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
        O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
        \u201cArab tili va adabiyoti al-Azhar\u201d kafedrasi katta o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Ko\u02bbpgina islomshunos va tarixchi olimlar islom tamadduniga hissa qo\u02bbshgan asarlarning yaratilishini ikkinchi hijriy asrga, ya\u02bcni Qur\u02bconi karim, Hadisi sharif va ular bilan bog\u02bbliq ilmlarga bag\u02bbishlangan asarlarni yaratish, shuningdek, chet tilida yozilgan ilmiy asarlarni tarjima qilish bilan bog\u02bblaydi. Haqiqat shuki, (ilmiy asarlarni) yozish va yaratish arab yoki forslarning ustunligi bilan emas, balki barchani ilm olishga da\u02bcvat …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\"},\"description\":\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg\",\"width\":660,\"height\":330},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\",\"name\":\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"description\":\"bukhari.uz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\",\"name\":\"Markaz\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","og_description":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI","og_url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz","og_site_name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/","article_published_time":"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":660,"height":330,"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Markaz","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_site":"@www_bukhari_uz","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Markaz","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz","name":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg","datePublished":"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-04T04:43:33+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c"},"description":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_142.jpg","width":660,"height":330},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=24439&lang=oz#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ISLOMSHUNOSLIKDA \u201cMA\u02bcRUZA (MUHODARA) ILMI\u201dNING SHAKLLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISHI"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/","name":"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","description":"bukhari.uz","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c","name":"Markaz","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/"],"url":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24440,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24439\/revisions\/24440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}