{"id":23956,"date":"2022-09-09T08:37:27","date_gmt":"2022-09-09T03:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23956"},"modified":"2022-09-08T17:39:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T12:39:31","slug":"islom-dini-manbalari-orqali-yoshlar-est%d0%b5tik-madaniyatini-rivojlantirish-masalalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23956&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ISLOM DINI MANBALARI ORQALI YoSHLAR EST\u0415TIK MADANIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yurtimizda islom dini xalqimizning ko\u02bbp asrlik tarixiy taraqqiyotida shaxs ma\u02bcnaviyati, ayniqsa o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlod shakllanishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Shu asosda islom dini jamiyatdagi mafkuraviy qarashlar va g\u02bboyalarda muhim o\u02bbrin tutgan, insonlarni axloqiy poklikka va ma\u02bcnaviy go\u02bbzallikka da\u02bcvat etgan insonparvarlik dinidir. Bu din xalqimizning, xususan musulmon shaxsining moddiy, ma\u02bcnaviy, axloqiy va estetik madaniyati shakllanishi va yuksalishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan diniy ta\u02bclimotdir. Shaxsning ulug\u02bbligi, uning oliy jonzot sifatida estetik madaniyatni namoyon etuvchi ekanligini Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cInson\u201d surasi 21-oyatida kiyinish madaniyati bilan bog\u02bblab tushuntirilarkan, \u201cUlarning ustlarida yashil ipak va shoyi liboslar bo\u02bblib, ular kumush bilakuzuklar bilan bezanganlar va Parvardigorlari ularni nihoyatda pokiza sharobla sug\u02bborganlar\u201d[1: 477], deyiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yurtimizda barpo etilgan va etilayotgan estetik madaniyat yodgorliklari, me\u02bcmoriy inshootlarning yaratilishida islomiy an\u02bcanalarga amal qilingan bo\u02bblsa, badiiy adabiyot, she\u02bcriyat, xattotlik va san\u02bcatning boshqa turlarida Qur\u02bconi karim va hadislarda ilgari surilgan asosiy g\u02bboyalar targ\u02bbib qilindi va shu asosda yoshlarni ma\u02bcnaviy go\u02bbzal, axloqiy pok hamda barkamol qilib tarbiyalashning butun bir tizimi ishlab chiqildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dini yoshlarning estetik madaniyati va ideallarini axloqiy g\u02bboyalar bilan bog\u02bbliq holda rivojlantirdi. Islom dini fan, adabiyot, madaniyat va nafosat sohalarini bir-biriga uzviy aloqadorligini o\u02bbzida mujassamlashtirdi. Unda shaxsning turmush tarzi, urf-odat va marosimlari diniy go\u02bbzallik tuyg\u02bbulari bilan yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilib, yoshlarga bilim berish uchun diniy maktablar yaratildi. Islom shaxsni ma\u02bcrifatli, ma\u02bcnaviy-axloqiy va estetik didli bo\u02bblishga chorladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dinining muqaddas kitobi Qur\u02bconi karimda insonning estetik madaniyati sermazmun va nafis so\u02bbzlar orqali ifodalandi. Islomdagi yoshlar estetik madaniyati bu Qur\u02bconi karimning oyatlari va suralarida, hadis kitoblarida sirli-sinoatli she\u02bcriyatli, bejirim ko\u02bbzni qamashtiruvchi naqshlar tarzida bayon etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cBaqara\u201d surasi 195-oyatida \u201cYaxshilik qiling! Albatta Alloh yaxshilik qilguvchilarni sevadi\u201d[1: 23], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dinida go\u02bbzallik tushunchasi diniy asosda talqin qilinib, moddiy dunyo go\u02bbzalligidan ruhiy dunyo go\u02bbzalligi ustun qo\u02bbyiladi. Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cOli imron\u201d surasi 14-oyatida \u201cOdamlarga ayollar, bolalar, tuganmas oltin-kumush boyliklar, (qimmat) baholi otlar, chorva va ekin-tekinlar kabi istak-xohishlarga ko\u02bbngil qo\u02bbyish chiroyli qilindi. Holbuki, bu narsalar hayoti dunyoning (o\u02bbtkinchi) narsalaridir. Allohning huzurida esa eng go\u02bbzal qaytadigan joy \u2013 jannat bordir. (Ya\u02bcni o\u02bbtkinchi narsalarga ko\u02bbngil bermay, haqiqiy go\u02bbzallikni sevmoq lozim)\u201d [1: 37], deb ta\u02bclim beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Shaxsning estetik madaniyatga erishuvi masalalari insonparvarlik g\u02bboyalari va go\u02bbzallik dunyosi bilan bog\u02bbliq ravishda Alloh nomi bilan uzviylashgan tarzda talqin qilinadi. Bu borada yuqoridagi suraning 148-oyatida \u201cAlloh chiroyli amal qilguvchilarni sevadi\u201d[1: 48], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bconi karim jamiyatda yoshlarning ma\u02bcnaviy olami va hayotiga chuqur o\u02bbrnashib qolgan yuksak estetik madaniyat va diniy marosimlarga ega. Bu borada \u201cBaqara\u201d surasining 83-oyatida \u201cFaqat Allohgagina ibodat qilasizlar, ota-ona, qarindosh-urug\u02bb, yetim va miskinlarga yaxshilik qilasizlar. Kishilarga chiroyli so\u02bbzlar so\u02bbzlasangiz va namozni to\u02bbkis ado qiling, zakotni bering\u201d[1: 12], \u2013 degan so\u02bbzlar bayon qilingan. Islom dinida so\u02bbz vositasi asosida yoshlarning go\u02bbzallikka bo\u02bblgan intilishi, voqelikni idrok etib borishi, yaxshilik sari talpinishi falsafiy mushohada etib boriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu bois islom estetik madaniyatida har bir shaxs so\u02bbz vositasida o\u02bbzini Allohga baxshida etadi, ya\u02bcni yurakdan aytayotgan so\u02bbzi tufayli inson o\u02bbzini Allohga topshiradi. So\u02bbzning qudratli kuchi tufayli yoshlar olamdagi go\u02bbzalliklarni va azobu uqubatlarni bir-biridan farqlaydi. Shu tarzda yoshlar dunyoviy va diniy bilimlarni egallab, komil inson darajasiga ko\u02bbtariladi. Bu haqda Zumar surasining 23-oyatida \u201cAlloh eng go\u02bbzal so\u02bbzni (oyatlari fasohat va balog\u02bbatda) bir-biriga o\u02bbxshagan, (ichidagi hukmlari) takror-takror kelguvchi bir kitob \u2013 Qur\u02bcon qilib nozil qilibdiki\u201d [1: 340], deb bu kitobdagi so\u02bbzlarning estetik mohiyatiga e\u02bctibor qaratiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom estetik madaniyatida so\u02bbzning rolini e\u02bctirof etgan holda Navoiy \u201cso\u02bbz san\u02bcatining estetik hissiy-ruhiy quvvatini alohida ta\u02bckidlar ekan, shoir-san\u02bcatkor xulq-atvoriga va estetik madaniyatiga alohida o\u02bbrin ajratadi. Chunki odob-axloq islom estetikasining tarkibiy qismi bo\u02bblib, musulmon kishi hayoti va faoliyati odob qoidalari mezoni bo\u02bblib baholanadi\u201d[2: 25], deydi. Islom madaniyatida so\u02bbz shaxsni, qolaversa, yoshlarni gunohlardan forig\u02bb qilib, uni yaxshilik va go\u02bbzallikka intilishga chorlaydi. Buning mohiyati Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cSajda\u201d surasida Allohning sifati bilan uyg\u02bbunlashgan tarzda e\u02bctirof etilib, yuksak estetik madaniyatning namunasi sifatida 7-oyatda \u201cU barcha narsani chiroyli qilib yaratgan zotdir\u201d[1: 229] va hadislardagi \u201cTangri go\u02bbzaldir, go\u02bbzallikni yaxshi ko\u02bbradi\u201d[3: 40], deyilgan fikrlarda islom dinining estetik mohiyati o\u02bbzini mujassam etadi. Shu sababdan Alloh hamisha go\u02bbzallikka oshiqdir. U 18 ming olamni yaratgan ekan, unda yashaydigan barcha mavjudotlarni go\u02bbzal bo\u02bblishini istaydi. Bu haqda, ya\u02bcni olamning va insonning yaratilishi haqida Qur\u02bconi karimda fikrlar bayon qilinib, uni yaratgan Allohga hamdu sanolar aytiladi. \u201cMo\u02bbminlar\u201d surasining 14-oyatida \u201cBas eng go\u02bbzal yaratguvchi (ya\u02bcni yo\u02bbqdan bor qilguvchi bo\u02bblmish) Alloh barakotli-buyukdir\u201d[1: 245], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cSho\u02bbro\u201d surasi 23-oyatida shaxsning go\u02bbzal fazilatlari va estetik madaniyatining nozik qirralari haqida so\u02bbz yuritilib, \u201cKim biron chiroyli amal qilsa, Biz uning uchun o\u02bbsha (chiroyli amali)da yana husnni ziyoda qilurmiz (ya\u02bcni ziyoda savob ato eturmiz)\u201d[1: 359], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi. Shunday ekan, yorug\u02bb olamga hukmron qilib yaratilgan inson va u uchun zarur bo\u02bblgan barcha narsalar hamisha go\u02bbzal bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, islom dinining inson qo\u02bbli bilan yaratilgan nafosat olami, ya\u02bcni me\u02bcmoriy obidlari ham chiroyli ekanligi aytib o\u02bbtiladi. Islomning me\u02bcmoriy obidalari bo\u02bblgan masjid, madrasa, maqbara va boshqa diniy obidalar nafosat olamini o\u02bbzida ko\u02bbz-ko\u02bbz qilib turadi. Shu boisdan islom estetikasining mohiyati \u201cKahf\u201d surasining 7-oyatida yoshlarning axloqiy go\u02bbzalligi masalasi bilan bog\u02bbliq me\u02bcmoriy obidalarni o\u02bbzida ifodalagan holda \u201cAlbatta, Biz (bandalarimizdan) qaysilari chiroyliroq amallarni qilishlarini sinamoq uchun Yer ustidagi bor narsani unga ziynat-bezak qilib qo\u02bbydik (ya\u02bcni o\u02bbsha bezaklarga aldanib, mag\u02bbrurlanib qolmagan kishilar Bizning sinovimizdan o\u02bbturlar)\u201d[1: 205] deyilgan. Bu sinaladigan go\u02bbzalliklarning ma\u02bcno-mazmunini biz ko\u02bbproq islomiy obidalardan izlashimiz lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom me\u02bcmoriy obidalaridagi eshiklarni o\u02bbymakorlik va naqqoshlik san\u02bcati bilan bezash, devorlariga ganchlardan turli shakllar yasash, ustunlarini arab yozuvi asosida naqshlar bilan bezatish bugungi kunda keng tus olgan bo\u02bblib, bu san\u02bcat namunalari yoshlarda estetik madaniyatni rivojlantirish uchun xizmat qiladi. Bu haqda Hoji Ismatulloh Abdulloh shunday deydi: \u201cArab yozuvining go\u02bbzalligiga alohida e\u02bctibor berilgani va uning turli-tuman shakllarda did va nafosat bilan ishlatilishi sababli, arab xati faqat ma\u02bcno tashish vositasi emas, balki kishilarga yuksak estetik zavq beruvchi san\u02bcat namunasi sifatida mashhurdir\u201d[4: 267].<\/span><\/p>\n

Darhaqiqat, Payg\u02bbambarimiz doim yoshlarni axloqiy jihatdan mukammal va go\u02bbzal tuyg\u02bbular bilan turmush kechirishini o\u02bbzining sahobalariga bildirgan fikrlarida bayon etgan. Bu haqda Qur\u02bconi karimning \u201cYunus\u201d surasi 26 oyatida \u201cChiroyli amal qilgan zotlar uchun go\u02bbzal oqibat va ziyoda ne\u02bcmatlar bordir\u201d[1: 139], deyiladi.\u00a0 Bugungi kunda islom madaniyati va estetikasini yoshlarga chuqur o\u02bbrgatish va xalqning ongiga yetkazib berish borasida mana shunday ulug\u02bb zotlar uchun go\u02bbzal oqibatlarning mahsuli sifatida respublikamizda ko\u02bbpgina ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Xususan, 1998 yil oktyabrida Samarqandda I.A. Karimovning shaxsiy tashabbusi bilan va uning loyihasi asosida buyuk zotning nomlarini e\u02bczozlash va qadrlash maqsadida hazrat Imom Buxoriy yodgorlik majmuasi ochildi. \u201cImom al-Buxoriy to\u02bbplagan hadislarda \u2013 deb yozadi Hoji Ismatulloh Abdulloh, \u2013 faqat Islom dini ta\u02bclimotiga oid qoidalar aks ettirilibgina qolmay, ular mehr-muhabbat, halollik-poklik, saxiylik, ota-ona, kattalarga hurmat, yetim-yesir, beva-bechoralarga muruvvat, mehnatsevarlik, vatanga muhabbat kabi oliyjanob insoniy fazilatlar majmuidir\u201d[4: 49].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis ilmining sultoni Imom Buxoriyning hadislarida shaxs estetik madaniyatining oliy ko\u02bbrinishi islom dini asosida yorqin ifodalab berildi. Bizga \u201cAl-Buxoriy bebaho meros qoldirdi. Eng ishonchli hadislar to\u02bbplami \u00abAl Jomi\u02bc as-Sahih\u201d shu merosning gultojidir\u00bb[5: 175]. Bu islom olamining yuksak estetik madaniyati orasidan sara gullarini terib, kelgusi avlodga yetkazib bergan bobokalonimiz uchun qancha xizmat qilsak, shunchalar kamdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarda yoshlarning estetik madaniyatiga oid xilma-xil fikrlar mavjud. Hadislarni o\u02bbqiganimizda shunday estetik fikrlar borligini bilamiz. Unda har bir shaxsning to\u02bbg\u02bbriso\u02bbzligi, xushmuomalaligi, o\u02bbzida estetik madaniyatni namoyon etishi masalalariga ham katta e\u02bctibor berilgan bo\u02bblib,\u00a0 \u201cKishining go\u02bbzalligi \u2013 uning tilidan bilinur\u201d[3: 80], \u201cKishining bema\u02bcni gaplardan tilini tiyishi \u2013 uning mo\u02bbminligi naqadar chiroyli ekanligidan darak beradi\u201d[3: 138], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoshlarning estetik madaniyatini yorqin ifodalab beruvchi hadislarda axloq va go\u02bbzallikning aloqadorligi masalasi ham chiroyli tarzda bayon etilgan. Xususan, \u201cSizlarning yaxshilaringiz \u2013 xushxulq, shirin suhbatlilaringizdir\u201d, \u201cSizlarning yaxshilaringiz o\u02bbz olgan qarzlarini chiroyli qaytaradiganlaringizdir\u201d kabi hadislarda shaxs ma\u02bcnaviyati va madaniyatining muhim jihatlariga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratiladi. Shunday ekan, har bir \u201cMo\u02bbmin kishiga berilgan narsalarning yaxshisi chiroyli xulqdir. Unga berilgan narsalarning yomoni esa, ko\u02bbrinishi chiroyli bo\u02bblsa-da, qalbida yomonligi boridir\u201d[3: 88], deyiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarda yoshlar estetik madaniyati, dunyoviy go\u02bbzallik va insoniy go\u02bbzallik uyg\u02bbunligiga ham alohida e\u02bctibor berilgan.\u00a0 Bu borada \u201cDunyo yam-yashil va go\u02bbzaldir. Kimki undan haqli ravishda halollik bilan olsa, undan baraka topadi. Kimki nafs xohishi bilan dunyoni mukkasidan ketib egallasa, qiyomat kuni do\u02bbzaxdan boshqa narsaga erishmaydi\u201d[3: 92] deyiladi. Bu hadisda tabiat, jamiyat va inson (yoshlar) go\u02bbzalligi borasida estetik madaniyatga oid fikrlar bayon etilgan. Bu hadislarda yoshlarning estetik madaniyati beg\u02bbubor va musaffo, ko\u02bbrkam didli, ma\u02bcnaviy qadriyatlari nafosat g\u02bboyalariga boy, pokiza qalbli bo\u02bblishlari tasvirlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarda yoshlar ma\u02bcnaviy go\u02bbzalligi uning baxtli hayoti bilan aloqadorligi masalasiga ham e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Bu haqda \u201cKimki qalbini imon uchun xolis va sog\u02bblom, tilini rostgo\u02bby, o\u02bbzini xotirjam, xulqini to\u02bbg\u02bbri, qulog\u02bbini tinglovchi, ko\u02bbzni ibrat nazari bilan boquvchi qilib olgan bo\u02bblsa, demak, u baxtlidir\u201d deyilgan hadisda yoshlarning sabr-toqati, matonati, irodasi va imoni go\u02bbzallik olami asosida talqin etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislarni o\u02bbqiganimizda har birimiz shaxs bo\u02bblib voyaga yetishishimiz uchun xizmat qilgan ota-onamizni ko\u02bbz oldimizga keltiramiz. Odob-axloqli farzandni tarbiyalash masalasi ham islom dinidagi muhim masalalardan biri bo\u02bblib, \u201cHech bir ota o\u02bbz farzandiga xulqu odobdan buyukroq meros berolmaydi\u201d[3: 136], deb ta\u02bckidlanadi hadislarda.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom estetik madaniyatini go\u02bbzal his-tuyg\u02bbularini, teran tomirlarini Ibn Sino o\u02bbzining asarlarida kelajakka xotira sifatida naqshlaydi. Bu borada \u201cFarb olimlarining fikricha, Ibn Sino insoniy muhabbat, jinslar muhabbatiga ijobiy baho berib, ruhning ilohiy sevgi darajasiga ko\u02bbtarilishi va ilohiyat bilan tavhidga kelishini qayd etgan\u201d[6: 9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomning estetik madaniyati g\u02bboyalarini ilgari surgan Ibn Sino nafaqat o\u02bbz yurti, qolaversa, butun musulmon dunyosini madaniyati va adabiyotini rivojlanishiga xizmat qilgan. Buyuk bobolarimiz singari bugungi kunda muqaddas dinimizning nozik va murakkab jihatlarini Birinchi Prezidentimiz I.A. Karimov shunday ta\u02bckidlaydi. \u201cAgar mendan, nega milliy qadriyatlarimiz shuncha zamonlar osha bezavol yashab kelyapti, deb so\u02bbrashsa, bu \u2013 avvalo muqaddas dinimiz hisobidan, deb javob bergan bo\u02bblur edim\u201d[7: 2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom estetik madaniyati doimo shaxsning, qolaversa yoshlarning ilohiy sevgisi, diniy ilm xazinasi, ma\u02bcnaviy madaniyatini yuksalishiga katta ta\u02bcsir etgan. Islom estetik madaniyatini ilm-fan, bilimlar, odob-axloq, huquqiy vositalar, nafosat olami asosida anglamas ekanmiz, uning mohiyatini hech qachon tushunolmaymiz! Shunday ekan, islom estetik madaniyati shaxsni har tomonlama rivojlanishiga, uni ham diniy, ham dunyoviy bilimlarga, ulug\u02bbvor tuyg\u02bbularga ega bo\u02bblishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatadi. Shuning uchun ham yoshlarda estetik madaniyatni shakllantirishda islom manbalaridan foydalanish axloqiy ahamiyat kasb etadi. Unda ajdodlarimizning buyuk merosi islom dini negizida vujudga kelganligi o\u02bbzining yorqin ifodasini topadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
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  2. E.Umarov, R.Karimov, M.Mirsaidova, G.Oyxo\u02bbjayeva. Estetika asoslari. Cho\u02bblpon nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi. \u2013T., 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Axloq-odobga oid hadis namunalari. \u2013 T., Fan, 1990.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Hoji Ismatulloh Abduloh. Markaziy Osiyoda Islom madaniyati. Sharq, \u2013 T.,<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. M.S. Gafarli, A.Ch. Kasayev. Rivojlanishning o\u02bbzbek modeli: tinchlik va barqarorlik \u2013 taraqqiyot asosi. O\u02bbzbekiston, \u2013 T., 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. H.Karomatov. Qur\u02bcon va o\u02bbzbek adabiyoti. \u2013T., Fan, 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Karimov I.A. Donishmand xalqimizning mustahkam irodasiga ishonaman. \u201cXalq so\u02bbzi\u201d gazetasi, 2000 yil 10 iyun.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Sojida YAXYAY\u0415VA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    SamDU mustaqil tadqiqotchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yurtimizda islom dini xalqimizning ko\u02bbp asrlik tarixiy taraqqiyotida shaxs ma\u02bcnaviyati, ayniqsa o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlod shakllanishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Shu asosda islom dini jamiyatdagi mafkuraviy qarashlar va g\u02bboyalarda muhim o\u02bbrin tutgan, insonlarni axloqiy poklikka va ma\u02bcnaviy go\u02bbzallikka da\u02bcvat etgan insonparvarlik dinidir. Bu din xalqimizning, xususan musulmon shaxsining moddiy, ma\u02bcnaviy, axloqiy va estetik madaniyati shakllanishi va …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nISLOM DINI MANBALARI ORQALI YoSHLAR EST\u0415TIK MADANIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ISLOM DINI MANBALARI ORQALI YoSHLAR EST\u0415TIK MADANIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23956&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ISLOM DINI MANBALARI ORQALI YoSHLAR EST\u0415TIK MADANIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH MASALALARI - 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