{"id":23700,"date":"2022-08-24T12:20:16","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T07:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23700"},"modified":"2022-08-24T12:20:16","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T07:20:16","slug":"buyuk-muhaddis-imom-buxoriyning-ulug%ca%bbligi-sabablari-dunyo-olimlari-nima-deydi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23700&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"BUYUK MUHADDIS Imom Buxoriyning ulug\u02bbligi sabablari: dunyo olimlari nima deydi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

2022 yil 15 avgustda O\u02bbzbekiston Prezidenti tomonidan \u201cImom Buxoriy\u201d ordenini ta\u02bcsis etish to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi qonun imzolandi. Qonunga muvofiq, orden ikki darajadan iborat bo\u02bblib, \u201cOliy darajali Imom Buxoriy\u201d ordeni hamda \u201cImom Buxoriy\u201d ordeni ko\u02bbrinishida bo\u02bbladi. Mazkur orden bilan ilm-fan va madaniyat, jumladan, islom ma\u02bcrifati rivojiga hissa qo\u02bbshgan buyuk alloma va mutafakkirlarning hayoti va ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganish hamda targ\u02bbib qilishda katta yutuqlarga erishgan vatandoshlar va xorijlik fuqarolar mukofotlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezidentimiz farmoni bilan O\u02bbzbekiston va Saudiya Arabistoni o\u02bbrtasidagi har tomonlama hamkorlikni izchil rivojlantirish, savdo-iqtisodiy, investitsiyaviy, madaniy-gumanitar sohalarda o\u02bbzaro manfaatli qo\u02bbshma dastur va loyihalarni muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirishdagi ulkan hissasi uchun Saudiya Arabistoni Podshohi, Ikki muqaddas masjid xodimi Salmon bin Abdulaziz Ol Saud \u201cOliy darajali Imom Buxoriy\u201d ordenining ilk sohibiga aylandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuksak mukofot O\u02bbzbekiston Prezidentining Saudiya Arabistoniga davlat tashrifi chog\u02bbida topshirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Payg\u02bbambarimiz (s.a.v.)ning muborak ruhi-poklari orom topgan Madinai munavvara shahrida Imom Buxoriy masjidi qad rostlab turibdi. Saudlar yurtida Imom Buxoriy vatandoshlariga hurmat-e\u02bctibor benihoya yuqori.<\/span><\/p>\n

Darhaqiqat, buyuk vatandoshimiz Imom Buxoriy nomi bilan ataladigan masjidlar, qiroatxonalar, oliy ta\u02bclim muassasalari, nashriyotlar, qadamjolarni kurrai zaminning turli burchaklarida uchratish mumkin. Dunyoning eng mashhur oliygohlaridan biri bo\u02bblmish Oksford universiteti Islom tadqiqotlari markazining kirish qismidagi birinchi darsxona (auditoriya) Imom Buxoriy nomi bilan yuritiladi. Bu yerda dunyoning atoqli olimlari talabalar uchun ma\u02bcruzalar o\u02bbqiydi, islom ilmining eng oxirgi yutuqlari jahon ahliga taqdim etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriy buyuk muhaddis sifatida barcha musulmonlar tomonidan birdek ulug\u02bblanadi. Shunday ekan, \u201cBuxoriyning buyukligi sabablari nimada\u201d, U haqida dunyo olimlari qanday fikrda, umuman, dunyo olimlari Buxoriy haqida nimalar biladi va uning merosini qanday baholaydi\u201d kabi savollar tug\u02bbilishi tabiiy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu savollarga javob topish uchun xorijiy tillarda bitilgan asarlarga nazar tashlamoq joiz. Qolaversa, Imom Buxoriyning muhaddislik faoliyatiga oid xorijiy manbalarni bilish va ommalashtirish mamlakatimizda uning merosini o\u02bbrganish ishlariga ko\u02bbmak beradi. Tan olishimiz kerakki, biz buyuk allomalarimiz haqida juda kam bilamiz. Shu bois, Imom Buxoriy haqida dunyo olimlari asarlari bilan tanishish foydadan xoli bo\u02bblmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadislar islomda Qur\u02bconi karimdan keyingi o\u02bbrinda keluvchi muhim manba sanaladi. Ular ijtimoiy hayotning muqaddas kitobda ko\u02bbzda tutilmagan masalalariga yechimlar taqdim etadi. Hadislar o\u02bbzida sunnani mujassamlashtiradi. Ya\u02bcni sunna hadislarda o\u02bbz aksini topgan va ular orqali keyingi avlodlarga yetkazilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xalifalar davridan keyin hadis ilmi taraqqiy eta boshladi. Hadis ilmi nafaqat hadislarni yig\u02bbish, balki ularning sahihlarini soxta va to\u02bbqimalaridan ajratish, tizimlashtirish, tasniflash va sharhlashga qaratilgan sa\u02bcy-harakatlarni o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. VIII asrdayoq hadislar soni haddan ziyod ko\u02bbpayib ketib, sahihlarini alohida ajratib olish va tizimlashtirish zarurati yuzaga keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

IX asr (hijriy III asr) hadis ilmining gullab-yashnagan davri bo\u02bbldi. Sahih hadislarni soxta va to\u02bbqimalardan ajratib olishga to\u02bbliq muvaffaq bo\u02bblindi. Oltita eng sahih hadislar to\u02bbplami \u2014 \u201cSihohi sitta\u201d (\u201cSihah Sittah\u201d) yaratildi. Muhammad ibn Ismoil al-Buxoriy (vafoti milodiy 870\/hijriy 256 y.), Muslim ibn al-Hajjoj (vafoti milodiy 875\/hijriy 261 y.), Muhammad ibn Iso at-Termiziy (vafoti milodiy 892\/hijriy 279 y.)ning \u201cJome\u02bc as-sahih\u201dlari va Abu Dovud Sulaymon (vafoti milodiy 889\/hijriy 275 y.), Ahmad ibn Shuayb an-Nasoiy (vafoti milodiy 915\/hijriy 303 y.), Ibn Moja al-Qazviniy (vafoti milodiy 886\/hijriy 273 y.) ning \u201cSunan\u201dlari mana shu davrda dunyoga keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bular orasida dunyo bo\u02bbylab eng ko\u02bbp tarqalgani Imom Buxoriyning sahih hadislar to\u02bbplamidir. Aksariyat manbalarda Imom Buxoriy 600 mingta hadisdan 200 mingtasini yod bilgani, shundan 7275 tasini sahih sifatida taqdim qilgani qayd etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriyning sahih hadislar to\u02bbplami asli arab tilida bitilgan, keyinchalik ko\u02bbplab xorijiy tillarga tarjima qilingan hamda qayta va qayta nashr etilgan. Ularning eng ko\u02bbp tarqalgan tarjimalari ingliz tilida bo\u02bblib, aksariyati Buyuk Britaniya kutubxonalarida saqlanadi. Imom Buxoriyning o\u02bbzi haqidagi asarlar ham turli tillarda bitilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, ularning eng ommalashganlari ingliz tilidadir. Islom dini keng yoyilgan Indoneziya, Malayziya, Bangladesh, Pokiston, Nigeriya, ba\u02bczi arab davlatlari va qisman Hindistonda ingliz tilining rasmiy va ilm-fan tili sifatidagi maqomi buning sabablaridan biri bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Shu bois, Imom Buxoriy haqida ma\u02bclumot beruvchi manbalar ichida ingliz tilida yozilgan yoki mahalliy tillardan ingliz tiliga tarjima qilinganlari salmoqli o\u02bbrin egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriyning hayoti va faoliyatiga bevosita bag\u02bbishlangan monografik asarlar nisbatan kam uchraydi. Chunki buyuk alloma haqida asar yozishga jur\u02bcat etadigan qalam sohiblari barcha zamonlarda sanoqli bo\u02bblgan. Ammo islomshunoslikning turli mavzulari doirasida Imom Buxoriy va uning faoliyati haqida so\u02bbz yuritilgan bilvosita asarlar talaygina. Bunday asarlarda alloma haqida to\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumotlar berilmasa-da, ulug\u02bb muhaddis shaxsining u yoki bu qirralari turli mavzular ohangida bayon etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yevropa tillarida islomshunoslik, ayniqsa, islom tarixi va manbashunosligi sohasida yozilgan asarlarning deyarli barchasida Imom Buxoriy nomi va uning \u201cSahih\u201di qayd etiladi. Yevropalik mumtoz islomshunoslar Jozef Shaxt, Ignas Goldsiyer, Xarald Moski va boshqalarning asarlarida ham hadis bobida Imom Buxoriyga murojaat qilinadi. Yevropa va Sharq islomshunoslari Buxoriyning \u201cAl-Jomi\u02bc as-sahih\u201d asarini eng ishonchli manba sifatida qayd etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oxirgi 15 yillik davrni olsak, Imom Buxoriy haqida ingliz tilida yozilgan monografik asarlar sirasiga asli pokistonlik bo\u02bblgan doktor Hasan Abdul Jabborning 2007 yilda Oksfordda nashr qilingan \u201cBuxoriy\u201d asarini kiritish mumkin. Unda Imom Buxoriyning hayoti va faoliyatiga oid mumtoz manbalarga havolalar qilinadi. Asarda Imom Buxoriyning hayoti, talabalik davrlari, sayohatlari va hadis ilmidagi bemisl o\u02bbrni xususida qiziqarli ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi. Doktor Abdul Jabbor Imom Buxoriyning tug\u02bbma xotira sohibi bo\u02bblganini bir necha marta ta\u02bckidlaydi va manbalarga tayangan holda aniq misollar bilan batafsil ta\u02bcriflaydi. Uning yozishicha, Imom Buxoriy faqat tug\u02bbma xotira bilan cheklanib qolmagan, balki o\u02bbz quvvai hofizasini muttasil kuchaytirib borgan. Muallifga ko\u02bbra, Buxoriy bir shaharda eshitgan hadisini o\u02bbsha joyning o\u02bbzidayoq yozib olmagan, balki uni muayyan muddat xotirasida saqlab yurgan va keyingi shaharga yetib borgandagina o\u02bbzi uchun qayd qilib yozib qo\u02bbygan. Imom Buxoriy 16 yillik mehnatdan so\u02bbng, 39 yoshida \u201cSahih\u201dni yozib tugatgach, umrining qolgan qismini hadis saboqlariga baxshida etadi. Muallifning bildirishicha, Buxoriy yurtma-yurt kezib, 90 mingdan ortiq talabaga shaxsan o\u02bbzi sahih hadislarni yetkazgan. Asarda Muhammad (s.a.v.)ga muhabbat va ixlos Buxoriyni buyuklik sari yetaklagan omil ekaniga ishora qilinadi. Shuningdek, buyuk muhaddisning so\u02bbnggi kunlari va o\u02bblimidan oldingi vasiyati haqida ma\u02bclumot beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriy ilmda xolis, insoniylikda esa juda xokisor bo\u02bblgan. Muhaddis Xurosonda bir muddat yashagan paytlarida viloyat hukmdori Xolid al-Zuhaliy Buxoriydan uning xonadoniga kelib, farzandlariga \u201cSahih\u201d va hadis ilmidan saboq berishini so\u02bbraydi. Buxoriy uning taklifini rad etadi. U Xolidga uning farzandlarini o\u02bbz talabalari orasida ko\u02bbrishdan xursand bo\u02bblishini, ammo uning uyiga alohida dars berish uchun bora olmasligini ma\u02bclum qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir manba sifatida Imom Buxoriy \u201cSahih\u201dining ingliz tilidagi 9, 3 va 2 tomlik tarjima nashrlarini keltirish mumkin. Ularning muqaddimasida buyuk muhaddis haqida qisqacha ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi. Xususan, Madina al-Munavvara Islom universiteti doktori Muhammad Muhsin Xon tomonidan ingliz tilidagi 9 tomlik \u201cSahih al-Buxoriy ma\u02bcnolarining tarjimasi\u201d asarining kirish qismida aytilishicha, \u201cMashhur bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, Buxoriy haqqoniyligi va xokisorligi bois, hukmdorlardan o\u02bbzini uzoq tutardi. Ularning ra\u02bcyiga qarab, biror noto\u02bbg\u02bbri so\u02bbz aytib qo\u02bbyishdan o\u02bbzini tiyardi. Zotan, o\u02bbsha zamonlarda aksar olimlar hukmdorlarning nazariga tushish uchungina hadis ilmi bilan shug\u02bbullanardi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nigeriyalik islom huquqshunos olimi Rahmon Doiyning Londonda chop etilgan va keng tarqalgan \u201cIslom huquqi\u201d kitobida keltirilishicha, Buxoriy hadislarni saralash jarayonida ularning musulmonlar yashash tarzi va kundalik hayoti uchun qanchalik ahamiyat kasb etishini ham e\u02bctiborga olgan. U hadislar musulmonlar uchun barcha sohada oq va qorani ajratib beruvchi qo\u02bbllanma bo\u02bblishi zarur, deb hisoblagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida eslatilgan oltita sahih hadislar to\u02bbplami (Sihohi sitta) orasida Buxoriy va Muslim tomonidan yaratilgan \u201cikki sahih\u201d (\u201cas-sahihayn\u201d) eng mashhurlaridir. Ularning ikkisi o\u02bbrtasida nisbiylik o\u02bbtkazilganda, Imom Buxoriyning hadislariga ustuvorlik beriladi. Malayziyada 2008 yilda chop etilgan \u201cHadis va sunna\u201d kitobida Imom Buxoriyga bag\u02bbishlangan kichkina bo\u02bblim mavjud bo\u02bblib, unda mualliflardan biri Muhammad Ali Imom Buxoriyning ustunligini asoslab beradi. Xuddi shunday yondashuv Said Abdullo tomonidan 2006 yilda Nyu-York va Londonda chop etilgan \u201cIslom ta\u02bclimoti\u201d asarida uchraydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mualliflar Imom Buxoriyning Imom Muslimdan ustunligini quyidagicha izohlaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

birinchidan<\/strong>, Imom Buxoriy Imom Muslimdan ko\u02bbra ko\u02bbproq hadis yig\u02bbishga muvaffaq bo\u02bblgan. Buxoriy 600 mingta hadisdan 7275 tasini, ya\u02bcni ularning bor-yo\u02bbg\u02bbi 1,5 foizini sahih sifatida tanlab olgan. Muslim Nishopuriy esa 300 mingta hadis to\u02bbplagan bo\u02bblib, shundan 12 mingtasini, ya\u02bcni 4 foizini saralab olgan. Mazkur miqdoriy ko\u02bbrsatkichlar Imom Buxoriy tomonidan juda katta hajmdagi ish o\u02bbta sinchkovlik bilan amalga oshirilganidan darak beradi;<\/span><\/p>\n

ikkinchidan<\/strong>, har ikki muhaddis tomonidan hadis rivoyat qiluvchi roviylarga qat\u02bciy talablar qo\u02bbyilgan, ayniqsa, Buxoriy ularning ziyolilik darajasi va akademik salohiyatiga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Buxoriyning saralash mezonlariga ko\u02bbra, ayni bir hadisni ketma-ketlikda naql qilayotgan ikki roviy (hadis yetkazuvchi)ning har biri o\u02bbz ustozidan ayricha ta\u02bclim olgan bo\u02bblishi, ayni bir zamonda va makonda yashagan bo\u02bblishi va albatta, bir-biri bilan yuzma-yuz uchrashib, biri ikkinchisidan tegishli hadisni o\u02bbzlashtirgan bo\u02bblishi lozim. Muslim roviylarga bunday talab qo\u02bbymagan: ikki roviyning ayni bir zamonda va mintaqada yashaganining o\u02bbzi kifoya, ular o\u02bbzaro uchrashib, bir-biridan hadis o\u02bbrganganini isbotlash shart emas, deb hisoblagan. Xuddi shu joyda Muslimning sahih hadislarni saralash mezoni bo\u02bbyicha roviylar o\u02bbrtasidagi uzviylik talabi Buxoriy talabidan ko\u02bbra zaifroqligini namoyon qiladi. Shu bois, Buxoriy hadislari islomda Qur\u02bcondan keyingi eng ishonchli manba sifatida ko\u02bbriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman, Imom Buxoriyni boshqa muhaddislar bilan taqqoslaganda, uning quyidagi ustunliklari ko\u02bbzga tashlanadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

birinchidan,<\/strong>\u00a0Imom Buxoriy hadis ilmi gurkiragan davrda yashab o\u02bbtgan va oltita sahih muhaddisning eng yoshi ulug\u02bbi bo\u02bblgan. Buning ahamiyati shundaki, boshqa yirik muhaddislar uning to\u02bbplamidan andoza olgan va hadis bilan bog\u02bbliq mavzularda Imom Buxoriyga suyangan, hadis to\u02bbplash va ularni saralashda uslubiy jihatdan uning izidan borgan;<\/span><\/p>\n

ikkinchidan,<\/strong>\u00a0Imom Buxoriy hadislarning sahihligini tekshirishda juda tanqidiy yondashgan, har bir dalilni sinchkovlik bilan tekshirgan va ushbu ulug\u02bb vazifaga o\u02bbzini butunlay baxshida etgan;<\/span><\/p>\n

uchinchidan,<\/strong>\u00a0Buxoriy tabiatan o\u02bbta ziyrak, o\u02bbtkir zakovat va aqliy salohiyat sohibi, tug\u02bbma iste\u02bcdod va kuchli xotira egasi bo\u02bblgan. Uning bu xislatlari ko\u02bbplab manbalarda o\u02bbz isbotiga ega;<\/span><\/p>\n

to\u02bbrtinchidan,<\/strong>\u00a0Imom Buxoriy hadislar to\u02bbplamidagi har bir bobning Qur\u02bconi karim matni bilan uzviyligini ta\u02bcminlagan. Bu bilan islomning ushbu ikki manbasini uyg\u02bbunlashtirgan va hadislar vositasida Qur\u02bconni tushunish va anglab olishni osonlashtirgan;<\/span><\/p>\n

beshinchidan,<\/strong>\u00a0Buxoriy hadislar to\u02bbplamini yaratishda usuli fiqh me\u02bcyorlariga rioya etishga harakat qilgan. Boshqacha aytganda, Imom Buxoriy hadislarga shunday tartib berganki, natijada birlamchi manbadan hukm hosil qilish faqihlar uchun qulaylik tug\u02bbdirgan. Islomshunoslar Imom Buxoriy usul al-fiqhdan to\u02bbliq xabardor bo\u02bblganini taxmin qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoriyning hadis ilmi rivojiga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi betakrordir, uning hadislar to\u02bbplami esa favqulodda mukammallik kasb etadi. Shu bois, Imom Buxoriy hadislari butun islom dunyosida keng tarqaldi, uning o\u02bbzi buyuk muhaddis sifatida shuhrat qozondi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haydarali YUNUSOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzFA Davlat va huquq instituti katta ilmiy xodimi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Oksford\u00a0<\/strong>universiteti islom tadqiqotlari markazining<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy va Imom Termiziy granti sovrindori<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Manba: \u201cYangi O\u02bbzbekiston\u201d gazetasi 2022 yil 24\u00a0<\/strong>avgust<\/strong>, 172<\/strong>(694<\/strong>) son<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2022 yil 15 avgustda O\u02bbzbekiston Prezidenti tomonidan \u201cImom Buxoriy\u201d ordenini ta\u02bcsis etish to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi qonun imzolandi. Qonunga muvofiq, orden ikki darajadan iborat bo\u02bblib, \u201cOliy darajali Imom Buxoriy\u201d ordeni hamda \u201cImom Buxoriy\u201d ordeni ko\u02bbrinishida bo\u02bbladi. Mazkur orden bilan ilm-fan va madaniyat, jumladan, islom ma\u02bcrifati rivojiga hissa qo\u02bbshgan buyuk alloma va mutafakkirlarning hayoti va ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganish hamda …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[642],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBUYUK MUHADDIS Imom Buxoriyning ulug\u02bbligi sabablari: dunyo olimlari nima deydi? - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BUYUK MUHADDIS Imom Buxoriyning ulug\u02bbligi sabablari: dunyo olimlari nima deydi?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23700&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BUYUK MUHADDIS Imom Buxoriyning ulug\u02bbligi sabablari: dunyo olimlari nima deydi? 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