{"id":23551,"date":"2022-08-18T08:10:01","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T03:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23551"},"modified":"2022-08-17T15:10:18","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T10:10:18","slug":"kichik-hidoya-muallifi-ubaydulloh-ibn-mas%ca%bcudning-hayoti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23551&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Movarounnahrda O\u02bbrta asrlarga kelib buyuk muhaddis Imom Buxoriyning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asarining ta\u02bcsirida juda katta ilmiy muhit vujudga kelgan. Bu davrda fiqh yo\u02bbnalishida ham bir qator ilmiy asarlar yozilgan. Narshaxiyning bildirishicha, birgina Buxoroda O\u02bbrta asrlarda yashagan ulamolarning ro\u02bbyxati tuzilsa, ikki daftar to\u02bblib ketishi mumkin ekan. O\u02bbrta Osiyo faqihlari o\u02bbz ilmiy uslubi va yashagan davridagi sharoitga qarab islom huquqi, ayniqsa hanafiy mazhabining rivoji yo\u02bblida xizmat qilib, ulkan meros qoldirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlarda Buxoro faqihlari usul, furu\u02bc va kalom ilmi bo\u02bbyicha keng qamrovli asarlar yozgan. Buxoroga Eron, Iroq va boshqa arab mamlakatlaridan talabalar kelib tahsil olgan. Ya\u02bcni, hayotning ayrim murakkab savollariga o\u02bbz yurtida javob topmagach shu yerga kelib kerakli ilmlarni o\u02bbrganib ketgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxorolik alloma Sadrush sharia Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud Mahbubiylar sulolasining buyuk vakili bo\u02bbladi. Allomaning to\u02bbliq ismi Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud Sadrush sharia asg\u02bbor ibn Mas\u02bcud ibn Tojush sharia Mahmud ibn Jamoliddin Ubaydulloh Mahbubiy Buxoriydir. Katta Sadrush sharia, Tojush sharia va kichik Sadrush sharia kabi unvonlarning sohibi Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud (vaf.747\/1346) [1:369] va uning bobolari islom olamida nom qozongan allomalardan bo\u02bblgan. Madrasalarda ulardan qolgan ilmiy meros hozirgacha talabalarga fiqh ilmidan darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalardagi ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, allomaning bobolari Kirmon shahrida vafot etgan. Ammo Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcudning qalbi doimo ona vatani Buxoroga talpinadi. Keyinchalik u Kirmondan o\u02bbsha davrda Xurosonning yirik markazi bo\u02bblgan Hirot shahriga keladi va ilmiy faoliyatini shu yerda davom ettiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Sadrush sharia Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud Buxoriy (vaf.747\/1346.) usulul fiqh, furu\u02bc al-fiqh, xilof, jadal, hadis, nahv, lug\u02bbat, adabiyot, kalom, mantiq kabi ilmlarda peshqadam bo\u02bblgan [8:419]. Allomaning ta\u02bclim berishdagi o\u02bbziga xos uslubi shunday bo\u02bblganki, toliblar masalaning tub mohiyatini anglab yetishi uchun o\u02bbta daqiqlik bilan ilgari hech kim payqamagan nozik nuqtasigacha tushuntirgan. U zotning fanga hassosligi tasnif etgan risola va sharhlarida ham yaqqol namoyon bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning \u201cSharhul Viqoya\u201d va uning qisqartirilgan shakldagi \u201cNuqoya\u201d kitobi, \u201cTanqihul usul\u201d va unga yozilgan \u201cTavzih\u201d nomli sharhi katta e\u02bctibor qozongan va ilmiy ahamiyat kasb etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar Movarounnahrni bosib olib, talon-taroj va xarob qilgan davrda yashab ijod qilgan. 1219 yilda Chingizxon Buxoroni zabt etib, xarobaga aylantiradi. Ibn Battuta bu voqea haqida bunday yozadi: \u201cBuxoro \u2013 muhaddislar imomi Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ismoil Buxoriyning vatani. Bu shahar Chingiz vayron qilgan Jayhun (Amudaryo) ortidagi yurtlarning poytaxti edi. U yerdagi masjid, madrasa va bozorlarning aksariyati vayronaga aylandi. Aholisi esa nochor ahvolda qoldi\u2026\u201d [1:181].<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqh ilmida yuksak maqomdagi asarlar ta\u02bclif etgan Sadrush sharialar silsilasini Buxoroning allomalari qatorida zikr etish mumkin. Zamonasining mashhur huquqshunos olimi Sadrush sharia \u2013 Ahmad ibn Jamoliddin Ubaydulloh Mahbubiy Buxoriy bo\u02bblib, u XIII asrda yashab ijod etgan va muhim fiqhiy asarlar, jumladan, \u201cHidoya\u201dga yozilgan sharhlardan birining muallifi sifatida tanilgan. Uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Tojush sharia unvoni bilan shuhrat qozongan Mahmud ibn Sardush sharia ham otasi singari islom huquqi bo\u02bbyicha hanafiy mazhabida unutilmas ilmiy asarlar qoldirgan. Tojush sharia nabirasi (Sadrush sharia soniy, ya\u02bcni ikkinchi yoki kichik Sadrush sharia)ni islom huquqshunosligi ilmida yetuk qilib tarbiyalaydi. Fiqhiy ilmni uning qalbiga singdirish maqsadida Burhonuddin Marg\u02bbinoniyning shoh asari \u2013 \u201cHidoya\u201dning eng asosiy masalalarini qisqa jumlalarda tartiblaydi (boshqa bir manbada \u201cijodiy shaklda jamlab\u201d deyilgan) va uni \u201cViqoyatur rivoya fi masoilil Hidoya\u201d (\u201cHidoya masalalarida rivoyatlarni saqlash\u201d) deb ataydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asar \u201cHidoya\u201dning eng yaxshi va qulay qisqartmasi sifatida e\u02bctibor qozonib, asrlar davomida o\u02bbqilib, sharhlanib kelgan va uni izohlash uchun ko\u02bbplab hoshiyalar yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kichik yoki ikkinchi Sadrush sharia unvoni bilan mashhur Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud bu oilaning faxri va hanafiylar fiqhining so\u02bbnmas yulduzidir. U bobosi Tojush sharianing tarbiyasida kamol topib, Sharq hikmati (falsafasi), kalom ilmi va tabiatga doir fanlarni o\u02bbzlashtirib, fiqh ilmida buyuk alloma sifatida taniladi va hanafiy mazhabining atoqli va sermahsul olimlaridan biri bo\u02bblib yetishadi. Ajdodlaridan qolgan ilmiy asarlarni jamlab, nafis yodgorliklarni to\u02bbplash bilan shug\u02bbullanadi va bobosi yozgan \u201cViqoyatur rivoya\u201dni arab tilida sharhlab, qayta tavzih etib, \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201d kitobini yozadi. Bu asar hozirgacha madrasalarda darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitib kelinayotgan muallifning boshqa bir kitobi \u201cMuxtasarul viqoya\u201dning eng to\u02bbliq va ishonchli sharhi hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcudning fikri teran va so\u02bbzi o\u02bbtkir bo\u02bblgani bois har qanday olim ham u bilan ilmiy bahs va munozara olib borishga jur\u02bcat qila olmagan. U har bir masalaga shar\u02bciy dalillar va raddiyalarni kerakli o\u02bbrinlarda daqiq tarzda yetkazib bera olgan. Toshko\u02bbprilizoda[1]<\/a>dan hikoya qilinadi: \u201cAlloma Qutbiddin Roziy Sadrush sharia bilan ilmiy munozara qilmoq istagida shogirdlaridan biri mavlono Muborakshohni u kishining huzuriga yuboradi. Sadrush sharia u vaqtda Hirotda edi. Muborakshoh allomani Ibn Sinoning \u201cIshorot\u201d kitobidan talabalarga dars o\u02bbtib turgan holida uchratadi. Muborakshoh dars jarayonida Sadrush sharianing kitob musannifi Ibn Sino va uning shorihi Muhammad Tusiyga ergashmay, kuchli va yorqin dalillar bilan raddiya berayotganini ko\u02bbrib aqli shoshadi va ustozi Qutbiddin Roziyga bunday maktub yo\u02bbllaydi: \u201cBu kishi \u201cnorun vaqqodun\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cyondiruvchi olov\u201ddir. U kishi bilan munozara qilishingiz sizga malomat olib kelishi mumkin. Alloma o\u02bbz fikri va ijtihodi ila ish ko\u02bbrar ekan\u2026\u201d. Shu bilan alloma Roziy shogirdining e\u02bctirofini qabul etib, maqsadidan qaytadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulhay Laknaviy \u201cFavoid\u201d asarida: \u201cSadrush sharia tasnif etgan kitoblarning barchasi ulamolar nazdida maqbul, fuqaholar nazdida e\u02bctiborga sazovor\u201d, deb e\u02bctirof etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud qalamiga mansub mo\u02bbtabar asarlar:<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cTanqihul usul\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0Hanafiylik usuli fiqhiga oid bo\u02bblib, ahli ilm orasida \u201cTanqih\u201d nomi bilan mashhur.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u201cTavzih alat Tanqih\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cTanqih\u201dning matniga yozilgan sharh bo\u02bblib, musannif unda boshqa usul kitoblarida uchramaydigan daqiq masalalarni yoritgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u201cMuqaddamatul arba\u02bc\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0Bu ham \u201cTavzih\u201d masalasini o\u02bbz ichiga oladi va unda usulda mushkul sanalgan masalalar bayon etiladi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0Hanafiy mazhabi fiqhining mufassal manbalaridan biri.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u201cMuxtasarul viqoya\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0Boshqa bir nomi \u201cNiqoya\u201d bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u201cShurut val mahozir\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u201cTa\u02bcdilul ulum\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u201cSharhul fusulil xomsiyn\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u201cVihosh fil maoni val bayon\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u201cArba\u02bcun hadis\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    U ta\u02bclif etgan asarlar hanafiy mazhabida yozilgan boshqa yirik manbalardan tubdan farq qiladi. Ya\u02bcni, musannifning asar ta\u02bclif etishda o\u02bbziga xos yo\u02bbnalishi mavjud. Uning asarlarida bildirilgan tanqidiy fikrlar asosli va ishonarli tarzda, o\u02bbquvchi fahmiga tez yetib boradigan uslublar bilan bayon qilingan. Shuning uchun ham Buxoro madrasalarida Sadrush sharianing asarlari asosiy darslik sifatida qunt bilan o\u02bbqitilgan. Hozir ham yurtimizdagi madrasalarning ta\u02bclim dasturi fiqh fani bo\u02bbyicha allomaning \u201cMuxtasarul viqoya\u201d asari asosida shakllantirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Aytib o\u02bbtish joizki, Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazining manbalar xazinasi fondida movarounnahrlik allomalarning qalamiga mansub ko\u02bbplab asarlarning qo\u02bblyozma va toshbosma nusxalari saqlanmoqda. Jumladan, Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud qalamiga mansub bir nechta asar mavjud bo\u02bblib, \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201dning arab va fors tilidagi qo\u02bblyozma nusxalari fondning \u2116 inv. MR 2 (Arab-fors), \u2116 inv. MR 53 (Arab), \u2116 inv. MR 225 (Arab), \u2116 inv. MR 110 (Arab), \u2116 inv. MR 9 (Arab) tartib raqami ostida saqlanmoqda [8].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ayni paytda Markaz fondidagi kitob qo\u02bblyozmalarining orasida \u2116 inv. MR 110 (Arab) raqami ostida saqlanayotgan \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201d asarining Tahorat kitobi tarjima qilindi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Markazning \u2116 inv. MR 110 raqami ostida saqlanayotgan \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201d qo\u02bblyozma asari arab tilida, nasta\u02bcliq xatida yozilgan. 1288\/1871 yil oktyabrda xattot Mullajon Muhammad ibn Erkaboy ibn Xo\u02bbja Pardaboy ko\u02bbchirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud \u201cMuxtasar\u201ddan tashqari, Abu Hanifa mazhabiga tayanib usulul fiqh, furu\u02bcul fiqh sohasida turli asarlarga sharhlar yozgani uchun tadqiqotchilar uning ismiga \u201cfaqihun hanafiyun\u201d (hanafiy fiqhining olimi yo hanafiy mazhabidagi huquqshunos olim) so\u02bbzlarini qo\u02bbshib yozgan [3]. Ayniqsa, \u201cMuxtasarul viqoya\u201d asarining turli tilda yozilgan sharh va tarjimalari Abu Hanifa mazhabi asosida yuzaga kelgan Movarounnahr huquqshunosligining rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshdi. Bu asar \u201cHidoya\u201dning mag\u02bbzini qamrab olgani uchun \u201cKichik Hidoya\u201d nomi bilan e\u02bctibor qozondi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Millatimizning yetuk fiqhiy olimi, avlodlarga munosib meros qoldirgan Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud 1346 (hijriy \u2013 747) yili bu foniy dunyodan ko\u02bbz yumdi. Alloma va undan keyingi barcha avlodlarining qabri Buxoroning Sherobod mavzesida joylashgan [2:132].<\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    1. Abdulqodir ibn Muhammad Qurashiy. Javohirul maziya fi taboqotil hanafiya. 2008 y. \u2013 J. 4.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Abu Hasanot Muhammad Abdulhay Kanaviy. Favoidul bahiya fi tarojimil hanafiya. Imperator. \u2013 Qozon 1903.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Mualliflar jamoasi. Mavsua. Doiratul Ma\u02bcorif; 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Saloh Muhammad. Sharhul viqoya va maahu muntaho an-niqoya ala sharhil Viqoya. Muassasatul varroq. \u2013 Iordaniya. 2006 y. \u2013 J. 1.<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Taqyiddin Abu Bakr ibn Husayniy. Kitob a\u02bclomil axyor fi halli g\u02bboyatil ixtisor. 2012 y.<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. Umar Rizo Kahhola. Mo\u02bbjamul muallifin. Bayrut. Maktabatul musanna. 2008. \u2013 J .6.<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. Ubaydulloh ibn Mas\u02bcud. Muxtasarul viqoya. \u2013 T.: Cho\u02bblpon. 1994.<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. \u201cSharhul viqoya\u201d asarining qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi. Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi fondida \u2116 inv. MR 110 (arab) raqami ostida saqlanmoqda. 1871 yil oktyabr. Xattot: Mullajon Muhammad ibn Erkaboy ibn Xo\u02bbja Pardaboy.<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. Hoji Xalifa. Kashfuz zunun; 2008.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      [1]<\/a>\u00a0U zotning asl ismi Ahmad ibn Mustafo Abulxayr Isomiddin (901 968 h)dir. U \u201cShaqoiqun no\u02bbmaniyya fi ulamaid davlatil usmaniyya\u201d, \u201cMiftohus saoda va Misbahus sayada\u201d va \u201cHavashiy alal Bayzaviy\u201d nomli asarlar yozgan (\u201cMiftohus saoda\u201d; J. \u2013 2; B. \u2013 170-241).<\/span><\/div>\n
      Abduvohid O\u02bbROZOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Movarounnahrda O\u02bbrta asrlarga kelib buyuk muhaddis Imom Buxoriyning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asarining ta\u02bcsirida juda katta ilmiy muhit vujudga kelgan. Bu davrda fiqh yo\u02bbnalishida ham bir qator ilmiy asarlar yozilgan. Narshaxiyning bildirishicha, birgina Buxoroda O\u02bbrta asrlarda yashagan ulamolarning ro\u02bbyxati tuzilsa, ikki daftar to\u02bblib ketishi mumkin ekan. O\u02bbrta Osiyo faqihlari o\u02bbz ilmiy uslubi va yashagan davridagi sharoitga qarab …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23551&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23551&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-18T03:10:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-17T10:10:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_123.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23551&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23551&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"\u201cKICHIK HIDOYA\u201d MUALLIFI UBAYDULLOH IBN MAS\u02bcUDNING HAYOTI - 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