{"id":23356,"date":"2022-08-12T07:30:40","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T02:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23356"},"modified":"2022-08-10T08:30:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T03:30:57","slug":"tilbatut-talaba-asarining-yozilish-tarixi-uslubi-va-qo%ca%bblyozma-nusxalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23356&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cTILBATUT TALABA\u201d ASARINING YOZILISH TARIXI, USLUBI VA QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asarining muallifi Imom Najmuddin Abu Hafs Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Luqmon Nasafiy Hanafiydir. Barcha tarixchi olimlar uning tarjimai holini o\u02bbz kitoblarida quyidagi tartibda keltirgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAt-Tahbiyr\u201d 1j\/527-bet, \u201cMo\u02bbjamul adibbo\u201d 16j\/70-71-betlar, \u201cAl-Ibar\u201d 4j\/102-bet, \u201cAs-Siyar\u201d 20j\/126-127-betlar, \u201cUyunut tavorix\u201d 12j\/375-bet, \u201cMir\u02bcatul jinon\u201d 3j\/267-bet, \u201cAl-Javohirul muziyya\u201d 1j\/394-395-betlar, \u201cLisonul miyzon\u201d 4j\/327-bet, \u201cTojut tarojim\u201d 43-45-bet, Imom Suyutiyning \u201cTabaqotul mufassiriyn\u201d 27-bet, Imom Dovudning \u201cTabaqotul mufassiriyn\u201d 2j\/5-7-betlar, \u201cMiftahus sa\u02bcoda\u201d 1j\/127-128-betlar, Tosh Kubroning \u201cTabaqotul mufassiriyn\u201d 92-bet, \u201cAl-Favoidul bahiyya\u201d 139-bet, \u201cShazarotuz zahab\u201d 4\/115-bet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning ustozlari juda ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblgan. Ularning ismlari \u201cTa\u02bcdodu shuyuxu Umar\u201d degan kitobida keltirilgan. Uning ba\u02bczi kitoblarini \u201cHidoya\u201d asarining muallifi Burhonuddin Marg\u02bbinoniy va Zohid nomi bilan mashhur Abu Bakr Balxiy o\u02bbqigan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Najjor: \u201cU faqih, fozil, muhaddis, mufassir, adib, ishonchli bo\u02bblib tafsir, fiqhga oid ko\u02bbp asarlar yozgan\u201d, deb aytgan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hafs Nasafiyning \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d, 20 jilddan iborat \u201cAl-Ish\u02bcor bil-muxtor minal ash\u02bcor\u201d, \u201cMashori\u02bc\u201d, 20 jildlik \u201cAl-Qand fi zikri ulamoi Samarqand\u201d, \u201cTarixi Buxoro\u201d kabi asarlari mavjud.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning insonlar va jinlarga dars bergani to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida turli rivoyatlar bor. Shuning uchun uni insonlar va jinlarning muftiysi deb atashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umar Rizo Kahholaning \u201cMo\u02bbjamul muallifiyn\u201d asarining 7j\/305-306 betida shunday yozilgan: \u201cUmar ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ismoil ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Luqmon Nasafiy Samarqandiy (Najmuddin Abu Hafs) mufassir, adib, faqih, muhaddis, hofiz, mutakallim, usul ilmining olimi, tarixchi, shoir, lug\u02bbatshunos, nahv ilmining olimi. U Nasafda tug\u02bbilgan. Hadis ilmini o\u02bbrgangan va hajga borib Bag\u02bbdodda qolgan. Ismoil Tanuxiy va bir jamoat olimlardan hadis rivoyat qilgan. Keyin Samarqandda yashab qolgan va bu yerda jumodul avval oyining 12sida vafot etgan. Najjoh \u201cSharh Kitob axboris sihoh\u201d nomli asarida \u201cSharhi sahihi Buxoriy\u201d deb nomlagan kitobi va Shayboniyning hanafiy fiqhi sohasiga bag\u02bbishlangan \u201cAl-Jomi\u02bcus sag\u02bbir\u201d asariga nazm yozgan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asarining yozilish tarixi.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d (\u201cFiqhiy istilohlardagi talabalar istagi\u201d) asari birinchi fiqhiy lug\u02bbat kitob hisoblanadi. Muallif unda fiqhda hanafiylar ishlatadigan so\u02bbz va harflarning ma\u02bcnosini to\u02bbplagan. Shu tufayli u xalq orasida shuhrat qozongan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fiqhiy so\u02bbzlarni noto\u02bbg\u02bbri talqin qilishning ko\u02bbpayishi Imom Nasafiyning bu kitobni yozishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan. U asarning muqaddimasida: \u201cIlm ahlidan bir jamoat kelib mendan: Ilm va odob o\u02bbrganishda ixtiloflari kam yoshlarga, ulamolarimizning asarlaridagi arabiy lafzlardan iborat bo\u02bblgan ba\u02bczi so\u02bbzlarni yaxshi bilmaydiganlarga va ustozlarimiz tomonidan g\u02bbalati (juda o\u02bbtkir, kuchli) yozilgan asarlarni o\u02bbrganish va ularning yechimini topish maqsadida ilm ahliga qaytib boraverishdan behojat qilish uchun ularning mushkuliga yordam beradigan bir sharh yozishimni so\u02bbradi. Keyin ularga so\u02bbragan kitobini foydalanishi uchun yozib berdim. Allohning o\u02bbzi tavfiq qiluvchi unga tavakkal qilaman va undan yolvorib so\u02bbrayman\u201d [3:68], deb yozgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotimiz davomida \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asarining Turkiyadagi Sulaymoniya kutubxonasida saqlanayotgan qadimiy qo\u02bblyozma nusxasinigina uchratdik. Bu holat boshqa nusxa yo\u02bbq, degan xulosani bermaydi, albatta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asarining biz uchratgan nusxasida qog\u02bbozlarning soni 168ta, qog\u02bboz o\u02bblchovi 203\u00d7118-125\u00d756, har bir betdagi qatorlarning soni 19tani tashkil etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitobning boshi: \u201cBismillahir rohmanir rohiym. Ilm va uning ahlini buyuk qilgan, nodonligiga rozi bo\u02bblgan va johilni past qilgan Allohga hamd bo\u02bblsin! Johillarga ta\u02bclim bergan Rasuli Muhammad Mustafoga salavot bo\u02bblsin!\u201d, deb boshlanadi. So\u02bbng \u201cTahorat kitobi: Payg\u02bbambar sollallohu alayhi vasallamning so\u02bbzlari bilan boshlayman: \u201c \u0645\u0650\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u2013 Namozning kaliti tahoratdir\u201d, deb davom etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kitobning oxiri: \u201cHiylalar kitobi: Hiylalar \u2013 nayranglar birikmasi, ildizi voy bo\u02bblib, nafratni qaytarish yoki muhabbatni jalb qilish uchun ishlatiladi\u2026 Istihlof va tazkiya kitobi: Istihlof \u2013 bu qasamdir. Tazkiya \u2013 bu tuzatishdir\u2026\u201d, deb yakunlanadi. Uning xattoti o\u02bbz ismini yashirib \u201cAllohga hamd bo\u02bblsin! Kitob ulug\u02bb va oliy Allohning bandalaridan bir zaif banda qo\u02bblida nihoyasiga yetdi. Bu sharif nusxani yozib tugallash Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.) hijratining 1012 yili, safar oyining oxiri, payshanba kuni peshin vaqtida voqe\u02bc bo\u02bbldi\u201d, deb aytadi. Shundan ma\u02bclum bo\u02bbladiki, bu nusxa 1012\/1603 yilda ko\u02bbchirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Usmonli terisidan qilingan bu nusxaning barcha sahifasi raqamlangan, chetida izohlar bor, sarlavha va misralar qizil rangda yozilgan, muqovasi zarhal qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yozilish uslubi.\u00a0<\/strong>Hofiz Zaynuddin Qosim ibn Qutlubg\u02bbo u haqda shunday qayd etgan: \u201cUmar ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ismoil ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Luqmon Najmiddin Abu Hafs Nasafiy hadis rivoyat qilgan. Uning lug\u02bbat haqidagi hanafiy mazhabining fiqh kitobida lafzlarga yozgan \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asari bor\u201d [5:47].<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab leksikasiga asos solinishi Qur\u02bcon va hadis lafzlarining ma\u02bcnosini o\u02bbrganishdan boshlandi. Uni o\u02bbrganish esa sahobalar zamonasidan boshlangan edi. Bu ishni boshlagan kishi Abdulloh ibn Abbosdir (vaf. 68h). U \u201cUmmat allomasi va Qur\u02bcon tarjimoni\u201d degan nomga sazovor bo\u02bblgan. Qur\u02bconni tafsir qilishda juda ko\u02bbp she\u02bcrlarga murojaat qilib, dalillar keltirgan edi. Abdulloh ibn Abbos Qur\u02bcon va hadis iboralariga tushunmagan talaba va ta\u02bclim oluvchilarning murojaat qiladigan odami edi. Sahobalar, tobeinlar, imomlar, hofizlar, faqihlar va muhaddislarning harakati bilan arab lug\u02bbati va istilohining bayoni, tafsiloti va izohlari izma-iz ortib bordi [3:13].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulamolar arab tiliga ta\u02bcrif berar ekan, bunday deb aytadi: \u201cArab tili nubuvvat va risolat, shuningdek, fiqh va adabiyot tilidir. Arab tili islom bilan yanada gullab-yashnadi, o\u02bbsdi va kengaydi. Uning har bir so\u02bbzi to\u02bblib toshuvchi daryo, har bir jumlasi jo\u02bbsh urgan dengiz, uslubi samarador jannat, istilohi (termini) qaynoq buloq, bebaho sovg\u02bba, ko\u02bbpayuvchi xazina va doimiy hayotdir\u201d [3:5]. Imom Nasafiy ham arab tili va istilohiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan allomadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asari birinchi fiqhiy lug\u02bbat kitobi hisoblanadi. Muallif bu kitobida fiqhda hanafiylar ishlatadigan kalima va lafzlarning ma\u02bcnolarini to\u02bbplagan. Shu narsa tufayli u xalq orasida shuhrat qozongan. Bu kitob \u201cG\u02bbaribul hadis\u201d asariga juda o\u02bbxshash. Uning izdoshi desa ham bo\u02bbladi [3:61].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Nasafiy bu kitobni yozishda fiqh ilmini sohalar bo\u02bbyicha alohida boblarga ajratib chiqqan. Fiqh ilmiga oid bu asar tahorat bobi bilan boshlanadi. Keyin namoz, ro\u02bbza, haj arkonlari, nikoh, emizishlik, taloq, qulni ozod qilish bobi keladi. Shunday qilib u hanafiylarning fiqhiy tartibida kitobni boblarga ajratib davom etgan. Imom Nasafiy hanafiya fiqhida vorid bo\u02bblgan fiqhiy terminlarni keltirgan va boshqa mazhabdagi terminlarga to\u02bbxtab o\u02bbtmagan. Bu bilan u fiqhni hanafiya mazhabi nuqtai nazaridan ta\u02bcmin etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Nasafiy fiqhiy terminlarni mantiqiy isbotlashda Qur\u02bcon va hadislardan ham dalillar keltirgan. Ko\u02bbp ishlatiladigan so\u02bbzlarni sharh va bayonda keltirgan. Ammo Qur\u02bconning oyatlari va hadislar to\u02bblig\u02bbicha keltirilmagan, faqat lug\u02bbatga tegishli so\u02bbzlari olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif bu asarida talabalarga tushunarli bo\u02bblishi uchun huquqiy (fiqhiy) so\u02bbzlarni sodda tilda, iboralar yordamida sharhlab o\u02bbtadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarda muayyan fiqhiy so\u02bbzlarning keng qamrovli ko\u02bblamiga yoki chuqur ma\u02bcnosiga kirishilmagan, balki aynan olingan har bir so\u02bbz yoki ibora qisqa, lo\u02bbnda va tushunarli qilib sharhlangan. Bu kitobning umumiy uslubidir. Muallif asarning ilmiy uslubida avval so\u02bbzning lug\u02bbaviy, keyin fiqhiy-istilohiy ma\u02bcnosini keltiradi. U ularni oyati karima va hadisi shariflardan dalillar keltirish orqali izohlashga intiladi, lekin aksariyat hollarda atamalarga dalillar keltirmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif fiqhiy kitob va boblarni terminlar bilan boshlaydi. Keyin har bir kitobdagi muhim fiqhiy terminlarni keltirib, ularning qaysi fiqhiy kitobdan ekanini ko\u02bbrsatadi. So\u02bbngra ma\u02bcnoni boyitish maqsadida bayon, lug\u02bbat va tafsir kitobiga murojaat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallif mavzularni yoritishda ko\u02bbplab sohalarning manbasiga suyangan. Ammo foydalangan kitoblarining hammasi ham ko\u02bbrsatilmagan. Asarda istifoda etilgan hadislarni sahih, hasan, zaif kabilardan qaysi biriga mansub ekani ko\u02bbrsatilmagan. Muallif faqat o\u02bbziga yetib kelgan rivoyatlardan foydalangan, vaholanki bu rivoyatlarning sahihi ham, illatlisi ham bor. Shunga qaramay, \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d fiqh sohasida juda nodir va foydali asar hisoblanadi. U tolibi ilmning tushunchasini sezilarli darajada kengaytiradi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u201cImom Buxoriy saboqlari\u201d, 2006, \u2116 3.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Imom Laknaviy. \u201cFavoidul bahiya fi tarojimil hanafiya\u201d. \u2013 Qohira: \u201cMatba\u02bcatus saodat\u201d, 1906.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Najmuddin Umar Nasafiy \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d (Shayx Xolid Abdurrohman Ak tadqiqi). \u2013 Bayrut: Doru-n-nafois nashriyoti, 1999.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    O\u02bbrta Osiyo olimlari qomusi. \u2013 T.: Imom Buxoriy respublika ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy markazi nashriyoti, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Hofiz Zaynuddin Qosim ibn Qutlubg\u02bbo. \u201cTojut tarojim fiy tabaqotil Hanafiya\u201d. \u2013 Bag\u02bbdod: Matba\u02bcatul Oniy, 1962.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Hofiz Zahabiy. \u201cSiyar a\u02bclomun nubalo\u201d \u2013 J. 20. \u2013 Bayrut: \u201cMuassasatur risola\u201d, 1985.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Hofiz ibn Hojar \u201cLisonul miyzon\u201d. J. 4. \u2013 Bayrut: Maktabul matbuotil islomiy, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Ravshan ELMURODOV<\/strong>,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Samarqand Davlat chet tillar<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    instituti magistranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201cTilbatut talaba\u201d asarining muallifi Imom Najmuddin Abu Hafs Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Luqmon Nasafiy Hanafiydir. Barcha tarixchi olimlar uning tarjimai holini o\u02bbz kitoblarida quyidagi tartibda keltirgan: \u201cAt-Tahbiyr\u201d 1j\/527-bet, \u201cMo\u02bbjamul adibbo\u201d 16j\/70-71-betlar, \u201cAl-Ibar\u201d 4j\/102-bet, \u201cAs-Siyar\u201d 20j\/126-127-betlar, \u201cUyunut tavorix\u201d 12j\/375-bet, \u201cMir\u02bcatul jinon\u201d 3j\/267-bet, \u201cAl-Javohirul muziyya\u201d 1j\/394-395-betlar, \u201cLisonul miyzon\u201d 4j\/327-bet, \u201cTojut tarojim\u201d 43-45-bet, Imom Suyutiyning \u201cTabaqotul …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cTILBATUT TALABA\u201d ASARINING YOZILISH TARIXI, USLUBI VA QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cTILBATUT TALABA\u201d ASARINING YOZILISH TARIXI, USLUBI VA QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXALARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23356&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cTILBATUT TALABA\u201d ASARINING YOZILISH TARIXI, USLUBI VA QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXALARI - 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