{"id":23350,"date":"2022-08-11T08:05:11","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T03:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23350"},"modified":"2022-08-09T19:05:34","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T14:05:34","slug":"imom-t%d0%b5rmiziy-fiqh-ijtihod-maktablarining-namoyandalaridan-biridir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23350&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u02bclumki, islom dini VII asrda yurtimizga kirib kela boshladi. Xalqimiz buni faqatgina diniy ta\u02bclimot sifatida qabul qilibgina qolmay uni yangi pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtardi va islomni ilmiy jihatdan yuksalishida beqiyos xizmat qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomalarimizning ilmiy va diniy-ma\u02bcrifiy merosida hadis to\u02bbplamlarining ahamiyati beqiyos. Bu borada Movarounnahr muhaddislarining hadis ilmida tutgan o\u02bbrnini alohida ta\u02bckidlash joiz. Bu diyordan butun dunyoga dovrug\u02bbi ketgan allomalar, muhaddislar yetishib chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hijriy ikkinchi asr islom dinida fiqhiy masalalarda uyg\u02bbonish davri bo\u02bbldi desak mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. Chunonchi, ayni bu paytda ijtihod degan masala paydo bo\u02bblib, bu sohada turli mazhablarning yirik ulamolari yetishib chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtihod \u2013 bu Qur\u02bconi karim va Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislariga asoslangan holda davr taqozosini hisobga olib, jamiyatning taraqqiyoti va ma\u02bcnaviyatning ravnaqiga xizmat qiladigan foydali g\u02bboya va mafkuralarni yaratish, muammolarni hal etishning maqbul, yangi yo\u02bbllarini topishdir [1:91-92].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtihod fiqh ilmiga bog\u02bblangan omildir. Fiqh ilmi hijriy uchinchi asrda, Imom Termiziy yashagan davrda rivojlangan. Imom Termiziy, Imom Buxoriy, Muslim, Abu Dovud va boshqa ulamolar Imom Ahmadning hadis ilmidagi shogirdlari bo\u02bblgan. Lekin ular faqat hadis ilmiga ko\u02bbproq e\u02bctibor bergani bois fiqhda hanbaliy mazhabiga ergashmasdan o\u02bbzlarining ijtihodiga suyanib ish ko\u02bbrgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriy va Imom Termiziydek muhaddislar Qur\u02bconi karim, Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislari, sahobai kiromlarning asarlarini butun mazmun-mohiyati bilan tushunib yetgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbsha vaqtda hadis rivoyat qilish va asarlar yozish ko\u02bbpaygan edi. Nusxa yozish shu darajaga yetdiki, roviylarning barchasi bu ish bilan shug\u02bbullangan. Ular bu borada ilmni Hijoz, Shom, Iroq, Misr, Yaman va Xuroson shahridagi ulamolardan o\u02bbrgangan. Ular kitob jamlagan, nusxalar qidirgan, g\u02bbaribul hadis ya\u02bcni, ma\u02bcnosi odamlarga begona bo\u02bblgan ilm va nodir rivoyatlarga e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Avval hech kim to\u02bbplamagan hadis va dalillarning muhimlarini to\u02bbplagan. Shunday qilib hadis turuqlari (roviylarning rivoyat yo\u02bbllari)dan ularga ko\u02bbp narsa aniqlangan. Hatto, ularning huzurida yuzdan ziyod hadislarning rivoyat yo\u02bbllari bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roviylar ba\u02bczi ochilmagan hadis turuqlarini kashf qilib, har bir hadisning g\u02bbariblik va hukm olish jihatlarini o\u02bbrgangan. Avval fatvo ahliga ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblmagan ko\u02bbp hadislar ularga zohir bo\u02bblgan. Ibn Humom hikoya qiladi: \u201cShofi\u02bciy rahimahulloh Ahmad rahimahullohga bunday dedi: \u201cSizlar sahih xabarlarni bizdan ko\u02bbra yaxshi bilasiz. Agar sahih xabar bo\u02bblsa, menga ham bildirib qo\u02bbyingki, uni kufalik yoki basralik yo shomlik ekanini bilib boraman\u201d [2:385]. Bu sahih hadislarni rivoyat qilgan kishi bir shaharga xos bo\u02bblishi, ya\u02bcni shomliklardan, iroqliklardan yoki ahli baytlarga xos ekanini bilish e\u02bctiborli bo\u02bblgan. Bu xabar yetkazuvchining \u201cAbu Burdadan, u Abu Musodan\u201d nusxasi kabi bo\u02bbladi. Bunday hadislardan fatvo ahli g\u02bbofil qolishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ularning huzurida har bir shaharning sahoba va tobe\u02bcin faqihlarining ta\u02bcsiri jam bo\u02bblgan. Undan oldin kishi o\u02bbz shahri va taniydigan birodarlaridangina hadis to\u02bbplashi mumkin edi. Shuningdek, hadis roviylarining ismini, ularning adolat darajasini bilishiga tayanib ahvolidan xabardor bo\u02bblardi va yaqinlariga ergashardi. Bu tabaqadagi olimlar hadislarni yozib qo\u02bbyish va qidiruv olib borish bilan, bu fan borasida mustaqil yo\u02bbl tutishga e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Muhaddislar hadisning hukmida sog\u02bblomligi va boshqa jihatlarida munozara qilishgan. Sufyon, Vaki\u02bc va ularga o\u02bbxshagan muhaddislar qattiq ijtihod bilan hadislarni o\u02bbrganishga intilgan. Shuning uchun Abu Dovud Sijistoniyning Makka ahliga yo\u02bbllagan maktubida aytganidek, ular mingtadan kam hadis bilgan [3:312-313].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis bilan fiqh ilmi bir biriga bog\u02bbliq. Ulamolar bu ikki\u00a0ilmni<\/a>\u00a0puxta egallashga harakat qilgan. Faqat hadisda katta muvaffaqiyatga erishgan hadis ilmi\u00a0imomlar<\/a>i va fiqhda ko\u02bbproq shuhrat topgani fiqh imomi bo\u02bblib tanilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziyning turli mazhab va g\u02bboyalarga munosabat masalasida tutgan mavqei Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislari va dalil-isbotlar bilangina xulosa chiqarishga asoslangan edi. Albatta, bunday hollarda faqat sahih hadislar va eng kuchli dalil asosiy mavqega ega edi. U o\u02bbz ustozlari \u2013 eng avvalo Imom Buxoriyning va boshqa hadis ilmidagi ulamolarning ta\u02bcsirida ahli rayga emas, ahli hadis yo\u02bblida sobitqadamlik bilan fikr yuritdi, uni chuqur tahqiq va tadqiq etish orqali o\u02bbz fikr-mulohazalarini bildirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloma Abul Husayn Nadaviy bunday deydi: \u201cImom Termiziy bugungi kunda odamlarning qiyosiy fiqh nomli tushunchasi mavzusining eshigini qoqqan kishidir. Ummat unga \u201co\u02bbz asrida fiqh ijtihod maktablarining namoyondalaridan bo\u02bblgan\u201d, deb ta\u02bcrif berishi lozim bo\u02bblgan katta fazl egasi edi\u201d [4:89].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy ilm imomlarining barchasini hurmat qilar edi. U biror bir fiqhiy mazhabni lozim tutmagan. Uning fiqhiy masalada hukm chiqarib olishga ilmi va aqli yetarli bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziyning ijtihod yo\u02bblini tutgani uning \u201cSunan\u201d asarida o\u02bbz aksini topgan. U ahli ray haqida gapirar ekan, ularning mazhablarini bayon qilish uchun o\u02bbz asarida \u201cKo\u02bbfa ahli\u201d yoki \u201cayrim Ko\u02bbfa ahli\u201d kabi iboralarni ko\u02bbp ishlatadi [5:173]. Ba\u02bczilar: \u201cAbu Hanifani aytishga xijolat bo\u02bblganidan \u201cKufa ahli\u201d degan\u201d, deb o\u02bbylashgan. Lekin Imom Termiziy faqat Abu Hanifani nazarda tutib, bunday deydigan kishi emas. U Kufadagi barcha olimlarni nazarda tutgan. Abu Hanifadan tashqari Vaki\u02bc, Sufyon Savriy, Sufyon ibn Uyayna, Abu Yusuf, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Zufar va boshqalarni ham aytib o\u02bbtgan. Shuningdek, Imom Termiziyning asarida ko\u02bbp uchraydigan iboralardan yana biri \u201cbizning as\u02bchoblarimiz\u201d iborasidir. Bu umumlashgan atama bilan Molik ibn Anas, Muhammad ibn Idris Shofi\u02bciy, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Is\u02bchoq ibn Rohavayh kabi fiqh ilmining mujtahidlari hisoblangan ahli hadisni nazarda tutgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy fiqhiy isnodlarni Sufyon Savriy, Muhammad ibn Usmon Kufiy, Ubaydulloh ibn Muso Abasiy, Maktum ibn Abbos Termiziy, Muhammad ibn Yusuf Firyobiydan naql qilgan [6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy va o\u02bbsha zamonda yashagan muhaddislar o\u02bbz faoliyatida hadislardan shar\u02bciy hukmlarni olib fiqh ilmi rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Barcha muhaddislar faqih bo\u02bblib, ularning ayrimlari hadislardan shar\u02bciy hukmlarni olishda boshqalariga qaraganda ustunroq bo\u02bblishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk ajdodlarimizning qoldirgan ilmiy merosi hanuzgacha tadqiq qilinib yangi-yangi ma\u02bclumotlar yuzaga chiqmoqda. Bu ilmiy tadqiqotlarning natijalari, ajdodlarimizning boy ilmiy merosining naqadar keng bo\u02bblganidan dalolat beradi. Har bir allomaning asaridan hadis, fiqh va boshqa ilmlarga taalluqli ma\u02bclumotlarni topish mumkin. Ularning qoldirgan ilmiy merosi xalqimizning ma\u02bcnaviy mulki hisoblanadi. Allomalarning bizga qoldirgan bunday boy merosini asrab-avaylab, oqilona foydalanib, o\u02bbrganib, avlodlarga yetkazish bugungi kundagi muqaddas burchimizdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Islam (Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar). \u2013M., 1991.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Abul Qosim Ali ibn Hasan Shofe\u02bciy. Tarix madinatu Dimashq. J.51. \u2013Bayrut. Dorul fikr, 1995.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Valiyulloh Dehlaviy. Hujjatullohil bolig\u02bba. \u2013Qohira. Dorul kutubil hadisa.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Iyod Xolid. Al-Imom at-Termiziy. \u2013Damashq. Dorul qalam, 2001.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Muhammad Muborakfuriy. Tuhfatul ahvaziy sharh jomi\u02bcit Termiziy. J. 1. \u2013Riyoz.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Abu Iso Muhammad ibn Iso Termiziy. Jomi\u02bcut Termiziy (Sunan at-Termiziy). \u2013Bayrut. Dor ihyoit turosil arabiy.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ma\u02bclumki, islom dini VII asrda yurtimizga kirib kela boshladi. Xalqimiz buni faqatgina diniy ta\u02bclimot sifatida qabul qilibgina qolmay uni yangi pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtardi va islomni ilmiy jihatdan yuksalishida beqiyos xizmat qildi. Allomalarimizning ilmiy va diniy-ma\u02bcrifiy merosida hadis to\u02bbplamlarining ahamiyati beqiyos. Bu borada Movarounnahr muhaddislarining hadis ilmida tutgan o\u02bbrnini alohida ta\u02bckidlash joiz. Bu diyordan butun dunyoga dovrug\u02bbi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23350&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23350&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-11T03:05:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-09T14:05:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_118.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23350&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23350&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY FIQH IJTIHOD MAKTABLARINING NAMOYANDALARIDAN BIRIDIR - 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