{"id":23305,"date":"2022-08-08T12:30:19","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T07:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23305"},"modified":"2022-08-08T12:30:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T07:30:19","slug":"tasavvuf-ta%ca%bclimoti-va-mirzo-ulug%ca%bbb%d0%b5k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23305&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"TASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan ilmiy, madaniy sohalardagi islohotlar natijasida dunyoga mashhur allomalarimizning ma\u02bcnaviy merosining va diniy-irfoniy, tasavvufiy ta\u02bclimotlarining tadqiqiga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilmoqda. Temuriylarning yirik vakili jahon ilm-fanida alohida o\u02bbrin tutgan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning hukmronligi davrida jamiyatda tasavvuf ta\u02bclimoti alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. Manbalarda qayd etilishicha, temuriylardan Shohruh Mirzo, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek, Abdusaid Mirzoning hukmronligi davrida o\u02bbz davrining mashhur mutasavviflaridan Samarqandda Hasan Attor, Nizomiddan Xomush, Xoja Ahror, Buxoroda Muhammad Porso, Badaxshon va Chag\u02bboniyonda Yaqub Charxiy temuriy hukmdorlarning ishonchini qozongan maslahatchilaridan bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning tariqat vakillariga bo\u02bblgan ehtiromini uning otasi Shohruh Mirzo Hirotdan Samarqandga ayrim sabablar tufayli jo\u02bbnatib yuborgan yirik shayx Qosim Anvorga ko\u02bbrsatgan ijobiy munosabatidan bilishimiz mumkin. Mashhur muarrix Mirxondning ta\u02bckidlashicha, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek Qosim Anvor Samarqandga kelgach, uning donishmandligi va oliyjanobligini ko\u02bbrib unga murid bo\u02bblgan va oliy darajada hurmat ko\u02bbrsatib xizmatkorlar bilan ta\u02bcminlagan va Shohmalik madrasasiga joylashtirgan [4:55].<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoroda, Samarqandda va G\u02bbijduvonda Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bunyod etgan madrasalarda o\u02bbz zamonasining yirik olimlari va mutasavviflari yetishib chiqqan. Bu holat o\u02bbsha davrda dunyoviy va diniy fanlar yuksak darajada rivojlanganidan dalolat beradi. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbz davrida yoshlarni bilim olishga chorlaganining belgisi sifatida Buxoro madrasasining peshtoqiga \u201cIlm olmoq har bir muslim va muslimaning burchidir\u201d hadisini yozdirib qo\u02bbygan. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasida yirik shayxlardan Xoja Muayyadi Mehna ham mudarrislik qilgan va u Alisher Navoiyni [1:162] farzand sifatida qabul qilgan va unga tasavvuf ilmini o\u02bbrgatgan. Shayx Muayyadi Mehnaning Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasida mudarrislik qilganini Hasanxoja Nisoriy \u201cMuzakkiri ahbob\u201d asarida qayd etgan. Nisoriyning ta\u02bckidlashiga ko\u02bbra \u201cShayx Muayyadi Mehna Sulton Abusayid Abulxayr avlodidan va saidlik nisbati mashshad (hozirgi Mashhad) saidlariga taalluqlidir. Sultoni shahid Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek madrasasida mudarrislik qilardi\u201d [1:163].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixchi Davlatshoh Samarqandiy Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning yoshligida birga ulg\u02bbaygan shayx Orif Ozariyga iltifot ko\u02bbrsatganini qayd etgan [5:60-64]. Alisher Navoiyning qayd etishicha, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek so\u02bbfiylik va islom asoslarini chuqur egallagan: \u201cUlug\u02bbbek Mirzo \u2013 donishmand podshoh erdi. Kamoloti bag\u02bboyat ko\u02bbp erdi. Yetti qiroat bila Qur\u02bconi majid yodida erdi. Hay\u02bcat va riyoziyni xo\u02bbb bilur erdi. Andoqkim, zij bitdi va rasad bog\u02bbladi\u201d [1:180]. Taniqli fransuz temurshunosi Lyusen Karenning ta\u02bckidlashicha, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek tufayli Samarqandda yana qirq yil tinchlik hukumronlik qildi. Bu davr san\u02bcat va ilm fanning ravnaqiga shu qadar katta hissa qo\u02bbshdiki, uni \u201cSamarqandning oltin asri\u201d deb atay boshlashdi. Shu bilan birga o\u02bbz zamonasining yetuk olimi sifatida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbz atrofida fikri-zikri faqat bosqinchilikdan iborat harbiylarga va Qur\u02bconi karimni mutolaa qilishdan o\u02bbzga har qanday aqliy faoliyat gunohdan iborat, deguvchi mutaassibona diniy guruh a\u02bczolariga qarshi kurashdi [7:205]. Anglashimizcha, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekni so\u02bbfiy shayxlar emas, balki ayrim shariat peshvolari o\u02bbzlariga dushman sanab uni xalq oldida obro\u02bbsizlantirishga harakat qilgan. Tadqiqotchilarning fikricha, ayrim mutasavviflar Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekka nisbatan dushmanlik munosabatida bo\u02bblgan. Buxoro shayxlarining boshlig\u02bbi, dastlabki yillarda Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning ittifoqchisi bo\u02bblgan Muhammad Porso keyinchalik uning davlatida obro\u02bbli joy olmadi, [9:1] deb ta\u02bckidlovchi olimlarning fikrlariga qo\u02bbshila olmaymiz. Chunki, bu davr mutasavviflarining hayoti va faoliyatini yoritgan Faxruddin Ali Safiy \u201cRashahotu aynil hayot\u201d asarida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek Samarqandga hadislarni talqin qilish masalasida hadisshunoslardan Shamsuddin Muhammad Jazariy va Muhammad Porsoni taklif qilib, u kishiga so\u02bbz berganini qayd etgan [10: 89]. Demak, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek diniy masalalar bo\u02bbyicha o\u02bbz davrining yirik shayxlari bilan bahslasha olgan va ularni dunyoviy va diniy ilmlari bilan hayratga solgan, ijtimoiy adolat tamoyillariga amal qilgan odil hukmdor bo\u02bblgan. Hozirgi kungacha ayrim olimlarni qiziqtirib kelgan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bilan diniy ulamolar va tariqatchilar orasidagi munosabatlarni yoritishda ayrim qarama-qarshi fikrlar mavjud. Jumladan, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bilan Xoja Ahrorning munosabatlarini talqin qilishda akademik V.V.Bartold: \u201cXV asrni O\u02bbrta Osiyoda ikki dunyoqarash, ya\u02bcni bir tomondan Samarqandni qirq yil boshqargan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek, ikkinchi tomondan uning yosh zamondoshi, naqshbandiya tariqatining vakili Xoja Ahror o\u02bbrtasidagi kurashdan iborat davr bo\u02bblgan\u201d [3:47], deb qayd etgan. Ammo Xoja Ahror Valiy Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning hukmronligi davrida hali yosh, mamlakatni ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotiga ta\u02bcsir eta oladigan nufuzli shaxs emas edi. Mustaqillik yillarida manbashunos olim K.Kattayev Xoja Ahror Valiy bilan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek munosabatlarini chuqur tahlil qilib, Xoja Ahrorning Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bblimiga aloqasi yo\u02bbqligini o\u02bbz tadqiqotlarida asoslashga harakat qildi [6:23-24]. XV asrning oxiri va XVI asrning boshida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan \u00a0Xoja Ahror Valiyning xizmatida bo\u02bblgan Safiyning \u201cRashahotu aynul hayot\u201d asarida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bilan munosabati buzilgan diniy ulamo Mavlono Nizomiddin Xomush ekani ta\u02bckidlangan. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bilan adovatda bo\u02bblgan diniy ulamo Xoja Ahror Valiy emas, balki Mavlono Nizomiddin Xomush bo\u02bblib, bu ikki diniy ulamoni harakatini yoritishda olimlar, voqealar rivojini chalkashtirib yuborgan. Manbalardan ma\u02bclumki, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek saltanat va xalq manfaatini ko\u02bbzlagan e\u02bctiqodli hukmdor bo\u02bblgan. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbz saltanati va shohligini ham tangrining in\u02bcomi deb tushungan [8:35]. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek dunyoviy ilmlar bilan bir qatorda ilohiyotni ham o\u02bbrgangan. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek o\u02bbzi bunyod qilgan mashhur yodgorlik \u201cZangi ota\u201d peshtoqiga \u201cMening uylarim masjidlardir, kimki uyida tahorat qilib, mening uyimni ziyorat qilsa, hurmatimga sazovordir\u201d [2:64], deb yozdirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning diniy ulamolarga, tariqat a\u02bczolariga bo\u02bblgan ijobiy munosabatini mashhur Bibixonim masjidiga uning farmoni bilan yasatilib, o\u02bbrnatilgan tosh \u201cLavh\u201ddan (Qur\u02bcon qo\u02bbyiladigan kursi) ham bilib olishimiz mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lavhga \u201cSultoni azim, oliy himmatli xoqon, din-diyonat homiysi, Hanafiya mazhabining posboni, amirul mo\u02bbminin Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek Ko\u02bbragon\u201d, [8:120] degan yozuvlar bitilgan. Demak, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning fojiali taqdiriga diniy ulamolar yoki tariqatchilarni sababchi qilib ko\u02bbrsatmaslik kerak. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek islom tarixi va uning rivojlanish bosqichlarini ilmiy asoslab bergan va islom dinining Dashti qipchoqda turk va mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xalqlarining orasida yoyilishini \u201cTarixi arba\u02bc ulus\u201d asarida qayd etgan. Uning \u201cTarixi arba\u02bc ulus\u201d asarini sayyid, avliyo, shayxlarga bo\u02bblgan ijobiy munosabatini ifodalovchi manba desak mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek bu asarida shayx va so\u02bbfiylarning ijtimoiy-siyosatda va hayotda tutgan o\u02bbrni, xalq \u00a0orasidagi nufuzi haqida quyidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni bergan: \u201cShayx, darvesh va sayyidlar Chingizxon avlodidan bo\u02bblgan Abokaxon ibn Halokuxon ibn Tulixon zamonida davlat siyosatiga birlashish darajasiga yetgan: Abokaxon ibn Holokuxon ibn Tulixon zamonida mashoyixlar va sayyidlar uning ehsonu in\u02bcomidan serob bo\u02bblib toza hayot topgan edi. Ulamo va fuzalo esa uning ayyomida zulmu jafo zulmatidan xaloslik topib, farog\u02bbat-farovonlik sarchashmasidan suv ichardi\u201d [8:42]. Fransuz temurshunos olimlari Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek haqida \u201cU ajoyib qalam sohibi edi. Aytishlaricha, u kattagina tarixiy asar ham bitgan ekan. Uning fors tilida so\u02bbzlasha turib, osongina turk yo arab tilida gapirishini ko\u02bbrgan odamning havasi kelardi\u201d, [7:205] deb o\u02bbz ijobiy fikrlarini bildirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotiga ijobiy munosabati shunda ediki, u so\u02bbfiylikni mardlik, shijoatlilik tariqati tarzida tushungan. Jumladan, \u201cTarixi arba\u02bc ulus\u201d asarida Shayx Mahmud Tarobiy harakatini insonparvarlik, xalq manfaatlari himoyachisi sifatida yoritib shayxning qudratini, xalqni ergashtira olish kuchini e\u02bctirof etgan bo\u02bblsa, qo\u02bbrqoq va layoqatsiz, subutsiz amirlarni qoralagan [8:299-300]. Shohrux Mirzo bilan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning eng buyuk xizmati ularning asrlar osha mashhur bo\u02bblib \u201cTemuriylar davri uyg\u02bbonish madaniyati\u201d deb nom olgan madaniyatga asos solgani bo\u02bbldi. Uning ta\u02bcsiri va turtkisi o\u02bblaroq Markaziy Osiyoda yangidan yangi madaniyat o\u02bbchoqlari paydo bo\u02bbldi va rivojlana bordi. O\u02bbz navbatida Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek ham Samarqandda akademiya tashkil qildi, ziyolilarni qo\u02bbllab-quvvatladi va bir-biridan ajoyib imoratlar bunyod ettirdi [7:203-204].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa sifatida aytishimiz mumkinki, temuriylarning tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotiga, shayxlar va pirlarga ijobiy munosabatda bo\u02bblganiga asosiy sabab shahzodalarning o\u02bbzlari yuksak tafakkurli, ma\u02bcrifatparvar bo\u02bblganidir. Shuning uchun temuriylar hukmronligi davrida mamlakatda ilm-fan, falsafa, tasavvuf, madaniyat, san\u02bcat, adabiyot gullab yashnagan.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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    Islom HAMDAMOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti dotsenti v.v.b.,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa fanlari bo\u02bbyicha falsafa doktori (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mamlakatimizda amalga oshirilayotgan ilmiy, madaniy sohalardagi islohotlar natijasida dunyoga mashhur allomalarimizning ma\u02bcnaviy merosining va diniy-irfoniy, tasavvufiy ta\u02bclimotlarining tadqiqiga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilmoqda. Temuriylarning yirik vakili jahon ilm-fanida alohida o\u02bbrin tutgan Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekning hukmronligi davrida jamiyatda tasavvuf ta\u02bclimoti alohida ahamiyat kasb etgan. Manbalarda qayd etilishicha, temuriylardan Shohruh Mirzo, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek, Abdusaid Mirzoning hukmronligi davrida o\u02bbz davrining mashhur …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"TASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23305&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23305&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-08T07:30:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/ulugbek.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23305&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23305&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"TASAVVUF TA\u02bcLIMOTI VA MIRZO ULUG\u02bbB\u0415K - 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