{"id":23221,"date":"2022-08-03T08:55:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T03:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23221"},"modified":"2022-08-02T17:55:45","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T12:55:45","slug":"sahihul-buxoriy-asarida-ijtimoiy-himoyaga-oid-hadislar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23221&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201d ASARIDA IJTIMOIY HIMOYAGA OID HADISLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

e\u02bctibor berish zarur hisoblanadi. Yordamga muhtoj insonlarga ko\u02bbmak berish umumiy qilib \u201cijtimoiy himoya\u201d deb ataladi. Islomdagi ijtimoiy himoya alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan muhim jihatlardan biri bo\u02bblib, u faqat moddiylik bilan cheklanib qolmaydi, balki \u00a0ruhiy jihatdan qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashni ham nazarda tutadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtimoiy himoya atamasi ijtimoiy xavfsizlik bilan bir xil ifodalanadigan tushuncha bo\u02bblib, u ijtimoiy va himoya so\u02bbzlarining birikmasidir. Bu istiloh jamiyat va uning turli qatlamlariga tegishli masalalarga bog\u02bbliq ma\u02bcnolarni ifodalaydi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, bu so\u02bbz ijtimoiy so\u02bbzi bilan xarakterlanib, jamiyatda yashovchi insonga bog\u02bbliq barcha narsani anglatadi. Lug\u02bbatda \u201cHimoya\u201d so\u02bbzi muhofaza, zarar beruvchi narsalardan himoya qilish ma\u02bcnolarini bildiradi [1:21].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, ilk islom davridayoq bu masalaga katta e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Ijtimoiy himoyaning tamoyillariga: Silayi rahm, sadaqa, zakot, nafaqa, o\u02bbzaro mehr-shafqat ko\u02bbrsatish kabilar kiradi. Albatta bular xalqimizning qon-qoniga singib ketgan qadriyatlarimizning qatoriga kiradi. Ularni yanada chuqurroq o\u02bbrganish va o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlodga yetkazish bugungi kunda dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi kunda buyuk ajdodlarimizning beqiyos asarlarini, xususan, Muhammad ibn Ismoil Buxoriyning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asarini o\u02bbrganish muhim ahamiyatga ega. Bu asar nafaqat ibodatga oid hadislarni, balki muomalaga oid musulmonlarning o\u02bbzaro ijtimoiy munosabatlari haqidagi hadislarni ham qamrab olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tadqiqotdan ko\u02bbzlangan asosiy maqsad islom huquqidagi ijtimoiy himoyaga oid qarashlarni o\u02bbrganish va uning asosiy manbalaridan biri hisoblangan hadislarni tadqiq etishdan iborat. Imom Buxoriyning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asari insonlar orasidagi ijtimoiy munosabatlarga doir hadislarni qamrab olgani bilan muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Imom Buxoriy hadis ilmida ishonchli deb e\u02bctirof etilgan 6ta imomning biri hisoblanadi, uning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d asari esa islom ta\u02bclimotining muhim manbasi sanaladi. Maqolada asardagi ijtimoiy himoya masalasiga oid hadislarni tasniflash, ularning miqdori va mavzusini o\u02bbrganib tahlil qilish maqsad qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtimoiy himoya jamiyatning iqtisodiy nochor, yordamga muhtoj va boquvchisini yo\u02bbqotgan qatlamining ehtiyojini qondirish va ijtimoiy adolatni o\u02bbrnatish maqsadida hukumat darajasida amalga oshiriladigan ish hisoblanadi. Tarixdan ma\u02bclumki, ilk islom davridan bu masalaga katta e\u02bctibor qaratib kelingan. Islom huquqida jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy tenglikni ta\u02bcminlash uchta institut orqali amalga oshiriladi. Birinchisi \u2013 oilada, ikkinchisi \u2013 zakot instituti orqali, uchinchisi davlat tomonidan. Islom huquqida ijtimoiy himoya deganda, avvalo aholining orasida moddiy jihatdan qiynalgan, o\u02bbzining ehtiyojini qoplay olmayotgan fuqarolarga moddiy va ma\u02bcnaviy ko\u02bbmak berish tushuniladi. Shu jihatdan, Qur\u02bconi karim va hadisi sharifda ijtimoiy himoyaga katta e\u02bctibor qaratilgan [2:71-74].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hofiz Shamsiddin Zahabiy o\u02bbzining \u201cTarixul islom\u201d kitobida quyidagilarni yozadi: \u201c\u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201d Alloh taoloning kitobidan keyingi islomning eng ulug\u02bb va afzal kitobidir. Hozirgi kunda bu kitob odamlar uchun eng oliy sanaddir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, Imom Buxoriy o\u02bbzining mashhur \u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201d kitobida ham \u201cKitobul adab\u201d degan qism ochib, unda odob-axloqqa oid hadislarni 128-bobda uch yuzdan ortig\u02bbini keltirgan. Lekin alloma bu bilan kifoyalanmay, \u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201dga o\u02bbziga yetib kelgan boshqa hadislarni ham qo\u02bbshib, \u201cAl-Adab al-mufrad\u201d asarini yozgan. Imom Buxoriy bu asarida ham \u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201ddagi uslubni qo\u02bbllagan. Ba\u02bczi joylarda Qur\u02bconi karim oyatlarini va sahobalarning so\u02bbzlarini ham keltirgan. Shu o\u02bbrinda ta\u02bckidlash joizki, \u201cAl-Adab al-mufrad\u201dda kelgan hadislar hammasi ham \u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201ddagi hadislar darajasida emas. Yana ham aniqroq aytadigan bo\u02bblsak, bu kitobdagi hadislarning yarmi \u201cJome\u02bcus sahih\u201ddagi kabidir. Qolgan yarmi Imom Muslimning \u201cSahih\u201didan keyingi va Termiziy, Nasoiy, Ibn Moja va Abu Dovudning kitobidagi hadislardan yuqori o\u02bbrinda turadi. Bu ilmiy haqiqatni alloma Yusuf Binnuriy ham ta\u02bckidlagan [3:47-49].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201dning 4-juzida ijtimoiy himoyaga oid hadislar keltirilgan. To\u02bbplamning 55-bo\u02bblimi \u201cVasiyatlar kitobi\u201dda ham bu mavzuga oid hadislar keltirilgan. Bu bo\u02bblimda kelgan ijtimoiy himoyaga oid boblarning ro\u02bbyxati:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

O\u02bblim chog\u02bbida sadaqa qilish haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cQarindoshlariga vaqf yoki vasiyat qilsa\u2026 qarindoshlar o\u02bbzi kimlar?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Faqirlarga yoki boshqalarga ekanini ochiq aytmay, \u201chovlim Alloh uchun sadaqa\u201d, desa o\u02bbtadi va uni qarindoshlarga yoki o\u02bbzi xohlagan joyga tasarruf qilaveradi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

15-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u201cYerim yoki bog\u02bbim onamning nomidan sadaqa\u201d, desa garchi kimga ekanini aniq aytmasa ham o\u02bbtadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

16-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kishi molini, qul yoki ulovlarining ba\u02bczisini sadaqa yoki vaqf qilsa o\u02bbtadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Alloh taoloning \u201cAgar taqsimlashda yaqin qarindoshlar, yetimlar, miskinlar hozir bo\u02bblsalar, undan (merosdan) ularga ham ulashing\u201d, degan so\u02bbzi haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

19-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

To\u02bbsatdan vafot etgan kishining nomidan nimani sadaqa qilish mustahabligi va mayyitning nomidan nazrlarni o\u02bbtash haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vaqf va sadaqada birovni guvoh qilish haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yerni vaqf qilib, uning chegarasini aniq aytmasa ham joiz. Sadaqa ham shunday.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Asarning \u201cVasiyatlar kitobi\u201d bo\u02bblimining 7-bobi \u201cO\u02bblim chog\u02bbida sadaqa qilish haqida\u201d bo\u02bblib, bu hadis juda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Boisi, unda ijtimoiy himoyaning eng muhim elementlaridan biri hisoblangan sadaqa to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida va uning qaysi paytda amalga oshirish haqida ko\u02bbrsatma berilgan. 2748 tartib raqamdagi hadisda rivoyat qilinadi: Abu Hurayra (R.A.)dan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cBir kishi Nabiy (S.A.V.)ga \u201cEy Allohning Rasuli, qaysi sadaqa afzal?\u201d dedi. U zot: \u201cBoylikni orzu qilib, faqirlikdan qo\u02bbrqa turib, sog\u02bb-salomat va haris bo\u02bblgan holingda sadaqa qilishing. Lekin buni jon halqumga yetgungacha cho\u02bbzma. Sen \u201cfalonchiga uncha, pistonchiga buncha\u201d deysanu, holbuki u allaqachon falonchiniki bo\u02bblib qolgan\u201d, dedilar\u201d [4:10]. Bu hadisda insonning hayotlik chog\u02bbida sadaqa qilib qolishi, bu ezgu ishni qilishga shoshilishi kerakligi aytilmoqda. Inson qancha umr ko\u02bbrishi, qachon vafot etishini bilmaydi. Shu bois g\u02bbaflatda qolmasligi ta\u02bckidlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning 10-bobi \u201cQarindoshlariga vaqf yoki vasiyat qilsa\u2026 qarindoshlar o\u02bbzi kimlar?\u201d deb nomlangan. 2751 raqami ostidagi hadisda Anas (R.A.)dan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cUni qarindoshlaringning faqirlariga bo\u02bblib bergin\u201d. Shuningdek, 2752 raqami ostidagi yana bir hadisi sharifda Anas (R.A.)dan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cNabiy (S.A.V.) Abu Talhaga: \u201cMenga qolsa, uni qarindoshlaringga (sadaqa) qil\u201d, dedilar. Shunda Abu Talha \u201cShunday qilaman, ey Allohning Rasuli\u201d, dedi. Keyin Abu Talha uni qarindoshlari va amakisining bolalariga taqsimlab berdi\u201d. Bu hadisda esa ijtimoiy himoyaga bo\u02bblgan katta targ\u02bbiblarni ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Merosni aynan faqir qarindoshlarga taqsimlash bilan ham sadaqa, ham silayi rahm qilishga chaqirilmoqda. Zero, bu hadis amaliyoti albatta ko\u02bbplab jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy muammolarni yechilishiga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u02bbplamning 22-bobi \u201cYetimning molida vasiyning qanday vakolatlarga haqqi borligi va o\u02bbzining ish haqining miqdoriga ko\u02bbra undan qancha yeyishi mumkinligi haqida\u201d deb nomlanadi. 2764 raqamdagi hadisda Ibn Umar (R.A.)dan: \u201cRasululloh (S.A.V.)ning davrlarida Umar o\u02bbzining mulkini sadaqa qildi. U Samg\u02bb deb atalardi. U xurmozor edi. Umar: \u201cEy Allohning Rasuli, men bir mulkka ega bo\u02bbldim, u mendagi eng yaxshi narsa. Men shuni sadaqa qilmoqchiman\u201d, dedi. Shunda Nabiy (S.A.V.): \u201cUning aslini sadaqa (ya\u02bcni vaqf) qil. U sotilmaydi, sovg\u02bba qilinmaydi va meros qilib ham olinmaydi, lekin mevasi nafaqa qilinadi\u201d, dedilar. Umar uni sadaqa qildi. Uning bu sadaqasi Allohning yo\u02bblida qul ozod qilishga, miskinlarga, mehmon, yo\u02bbqsil yo\u02bblovchiga va qarindoshlarga bo\u02bbldi. Uni tasarruf qilib turgan kishiga daromad manbai qilib olmagan holda undan ma\u02bcruf ila yeyishida yoki do\u02bbstiga yedirishida gunoh yo\u02bbq\u201d [5:33]. Bu hadis ijtimoiy himoyani yaqqol o\u02bbzida aks ettirgan bo\u02bblib, insonlarning yordamga muhtoj qismiga daromaddan doimiy ravishda sadaqa qilib turishiga chaqirilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oltin silsila to\u02bbplamining \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d qismining 5-juzidagi \u201cTafsir kitobi\u201dda ham ijtimoiy himoyaga oid hadislar keltirilgan. \u201cVa Allohning yo\u02bblida nafaqa qiling. O\u02bbzingizni halokatga duchor qilmang. Ehson qiling, albatta, Alloh ehson qiluvchilarni xush ko\u02bbradir\u201d. (Baqara surasi; 195-oyat) [6:597].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, nafaqa haqida yana Oli Imron surasida 5-bobda ham keladi: \u201cO\u02bbzingiz yaxshi ko\u02bbrgan narsadan nafaqa qilmaguningizcha hargiz yaxshilikka erisha olmassiz. Alloh nimani nafaqa qilganingizni biluvchidir\u201d (Oli Imron 92) [7:71].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuni alohida ta\u02bckidlash lozimki, jamiyatda ijtimoiy himoyani ta\u02bcminlashda nafaqa instituti muhim ahamiyatga ega hisoblanadi. Bu mavzuga Imom Buxoriy o\u02bbz to\u02bbplamida alohida e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Xususan, \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201dning 7-juz 69-bobi \u201cNafaqalar kitobi\u201d haqidadir. 1-bob \u201cAhli oilaga nafaqa qilishning fazilati haqida haqida bo\u02bblib, 5351 raqam ostidagi hadisda shunday deyiladi: Abu Mas\u02bcud Ansoriy (R.A.)dan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cMusulmon kishi savob umidida o\u02bbz ahliga nafaqa qilsa, bu uning uchun sadaqa bo\u02bbladi\u201d, dedi. 5352 raqamdagi hadisda esa Abu Hurayra (R.A.)dan: \u201cRasululloh (S.A.V.) shunday dedilar: \u201cAlloh: \u201cInfoq qil, ey Odam bolasi, Men ham senga infoq qilaman\u201d dedi\u201d [8:72-73].<\/span><\/p>\n

7-juzning 78-bobi \u201cAdab\u201d kitobi haqida bo\u02bblib, 128 bob 256ta hadisni o\u02bbz ichiga oladi. Unda quyidagi ijtimoiy himoyaga oid mavzular keltirilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1-2,5,8-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Ota-onaga yaxshilik qilish haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

10-13,56-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Silayi rahm va uning fazilatlari haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

24-27-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Yetim, beva, miskinlarga yaxshilik qilish haqida<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30,32-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Qo\u02bbshniga yaxshilik qilish haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

33-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Sadaqa haqida.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34-36,56-bob<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

O\u02bbzaro go\u02bbzal munosabatlar: Shirin so\u02bbz, muloyim bo\u02bblish, yordam berish, yaxshilik qilish.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Yuqorida keltirilgan mavzularning barchasi ijtimoiy himoya haqida. Dastlab keltirilgan ota-onaga yaxshilik qilish mavzusini Imom Buxoriy musulmon odobi-madaniyati, ya\u02bcni maxluqotlar va avvalo inson zoti bilan bo\u02bbladigan muomala odobi ro\u02bbyxatining birinchi satriga qo\u02bbyish bilan islom dinining bu masalaga qanchalik ahamiyatli ekanini ko\u02bbrsatib bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muoz ibn Jabaldan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cNabiy (S.A.V.): \u201cKim ota-onasiga yaxshilik qilsa, unga Tubo bo\u02bblsin, Alloh azza va jalla uning umrini ziyoda qilsin\u201d, dedilar\u201d [9:8].<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u02bcid ibn Iboduz Zaroqiydan, u otasidan rivoyat qiladi: \u201cMadina masjidida Amr ibn Usmon bilan o\u02bbtirgan edim. Oldimizdan Abdulloh ibn Salom akasining o\u02bbg\u02bbliga suyanib o\u02bbtib qoldi. Majlisga yetib kelganda, burilib qaradi va ularga qarab turib: \u201cNima istaysan, Amr ibn Usmon?! deb ikki yoki uch marta aytdi va: Muhammad (S.A.V.) haq ila yuborgan Zot ila qasamki, Alloh azza va jallaning kitobida ikki marta \u201cOtangga yaxshilik qilganni uzma, o\u02bbsha ila nuring so\u02bbnib qolmasin\u201d, deyilgan\u201d, dedi\u201d [10:16].<\/span><\/p>\n

Har bir davrdagi kabi hozir ham musulmon jamiyatlarining rivoji insonlar orasidagi o\u02bbzaro munosabatlar asosiga qurilgan. Zero, insonlarning o\u02bbzaro birdamligi jamiyatning birligi va osoyishtaligiga, taraqqiy etishiga xizmat qiladi. Bu borada ijtimoiy himoya masalasini fiqhiy jihatdan tahlil etish, xususan, Imom Buxoriyning \u201cSahihul Buxoriy\u201d to\u02bbplami asosida ijtimoiy himoya masalasini o\u02bbrganish, unga oid muammolarning yechimini topishda albatta muhim o\u02bbrin tutadi. Shuningdek, yoshlarni har tomonlama yetuk va ma\u02bcrifatli qilib tarbiyalashda, jamiyatda insonlar bilan bo\u02bbladigan barcha ijtimoiy munosabatlarni tartibga solish va isloh qilishda ham bu asar ahamiyatlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aholini ijtimoiy himoyalash nafaqat davlat va nodavlat tashkilotlarining, balki har bir kishining insoniy burchi va vazifasidir. Shuning uchun ham bu kabi ezgu va xayrli ishlarni amalga oshirishda barchamiz bir bo\u02bblib, hamkorlikda faoliyat yuritishimiz lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

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    Mahfuzaxon JALOLDINOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    tayanch doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    e\u02bctibor berish zarur hisoblanadi. Yordamga muhtoj insonlarga ko\u02bbmak berish umumiy qilib \u201cijtimoiy himoya\u201d deb ataladi. Islomdagi ijtimoiy himoya alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan muhim jihatlardan biri bo\u02bblib, u faqat moddiylik bilan cheklanib qolmaydi, balki \u00a0ruhiy jihatdan qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashni ham nazarda tutadi. Ijtimoiy himoya atamasi ijtimoiy xavfsizlik bilan bir xil ifodalanadigan tushuncha bo\u02bblib, u ijtimoiy va himoya so\u02bbzlarining birikmasidir. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23219,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201d ASARIDA IJTIMOIY HIMOYAGA OID HADISLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201d ASARIDA IJTIMOIY HIMOYAGA OID HADISLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23221&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cSAHIHUL BUXORIY\u201d ASARIDA IJTIMOIY HIMOYAGA OID HADISLAR - 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