{"id":23165,"date":"2022-07-29T09:00:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T04:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23165"},"modified":"2022-07-27T15:28:06","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T10:28:06","slug":"xix-asrning-oxiri-va-xx-asr-boshida-jadidlar-dunyoqarashiga-ta%ca%bcsir-etgan-omillar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23165&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XIX ASRNING OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHIDA JADIDLAR DUNYOQARASHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN OMILLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">XIX asrning oxiri XX asrning boshi jahon sivilizatsiyasining taraqqiyotida keskin burilishlar davri bo\u02bbldi. Bu davrda chuqur islohotlar, birinchi va ikkinchi jahon urushi bo\u02bblib, ilm-fan taraqqiyotida tub sifatiy o\u02bbzgarishlar ro\u02bby berdi. Bir jamiyatning butunlay yod jamiyat ta\u02bcsirida qolishi nafaqat hayotda balki kishilarning falsafasida ham inqilob yasadi. XIX asrning oxiri va XX asrning boshida Markaziy Osiyoda ham boshqa mintaqalarda bo\u02bblgani kabi o\u02bbzgacha fikrlovchi, yangicha qarash vakillari shakllanib bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmida O\u02bbrta Osiyoda ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tuzum qoloq, fuqarolarning turmush tarzi o\u02bbta past, madaniy-ma\u02bcnaviy hayotida islom dini peshvolarining ta\u02bcsiri kuchli edi. Insonlar dunyoqarashida tasavvuf falsafasi an\u02bcanalarini tiklashga intilish kuchayib borayotgan bir vaziyatda, unga qarshi kuchlar bilan tafovutlar kelib chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cXIX asr ijtimoiy-falsafiy, diniy-axloqiy, siyosiy va madaniy\u00a0 taraqqiyotda so\u02bbnggi va keyingi yuz yillikning boshlanish davri bo\u02bblib, g\u02bboyaviy-nazariy va mafkuraviy qarashlarning shakllanish xilma-xilligi bilan ajralib turadi. Jadidlar harakati vujudga kelguniga qadar Turkistonda turli ma\u02bcnaviy-g\u02bboyaviy va mafkuraviy oqimlar qadimchilar, islohotchilar, bedilchilar, mashrabxonlar, shuningdek, Markaziy Osiyo, umuman turkiy xalqlarga taalluqli bo\u02bblgan tafakkurning turli shakllari, ijtimoiy-falsafiy mazmun va yo\u02bbnalishga ega bo\u02bblgan ma\u02bcrifiy ta\u02bclimotlar va nazariyalar mavjud edi\u201d [1:155].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Demak, bu davrda nafaqat jadidlar harakati balki boshqa g\u02bboyaviy ta\u02bclimotlar ham shakllandi. Kishilarning dunyoqarashida tasavvuf falsafasi an\u02bcanalarini tiklashga intilish kuchayib borayotgandi. Bu davrda O\u02bbrta asr musulmon mutafakkirlarining asarlarini qayta nashr etish ishlari boshlandi. Kalom falsafasi, shariat axloqiga oid klassik adabiyotlar arab-fors tilidan turkiy tillarga tarjima qilinib nashr etildi. Masjid va madrasalarda Bedilxonlik, diniy ulamolar tomonidan qadimchilik harakatlari, sherxonliklar avj oldi. O\u02bbrta Osiyoda ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik harakati kishilarning ilm-fan taraqqiyotiga, umuminsoniy qadriyatlarga, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy-ma\u02bcnaviy qoloqlikni bartaraf etishga bo\u02bblgan intilishining natijasi edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jadidlar turli mamlakatlardagi taraqqiyot va islohotlar uchun olib borilgan harakatlarning tajribasini milliy asosda qayta ishlashga intildi. Mustamlakachilikka qarshi kurashning bosh g\u02bboyasi ana shu murakkab sharoitda shakllanib yetildi. Bu davr haqida shunday deyilgan: \u201cTarixdan shu narsa ma\u02bclumki, har bir kichik harakat ertangi katta harakatning zamini vazifasini o\u02bbtaydi. Bu kungi mag\u02bblubiyat ertangi g\u02bbalabaning amalga oshuvida ozmi-ko\u02bbpmi rol o\u02bbynaydi. Busiz jamiyatning rivojini tasavvur etish qiyin [2:4]\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jadidlik Turkistonda XIX asrning oxirida maydonga kelgan, XX asrning boshida shakllanib, qisqa muddatda o\u02bbzining cho\u02bbqqisiga ko\u02bbtarilgan. Jadidlik 1917-yilgi\u00a0 bolsheviklar to\u02bbntarishidan keyin ham sotsialistik diktatura o\u02bbrnatilgunga qadar o\u02bbz mavqe va yo\u02bbnalishini saqlab qola olgan ijtimoiy harakatdir. Ba\u02bczi manbalarda jadidlik oqim deb atalsa, ba\u02bczisida harakat deb aytiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jadidlik oqim emas, harakat deb ta\u02bckidlaydi B.Qosimov [3:61]. Ijtimoiy, siyosiy, ma\u02bcrifiy harakat yaqingacha ham ataylab faqat ma\u02bcrifatchilik harakati deb kelindi. Maqsad jadidlikning doirasini toraytirish, sotsialistik-kommunistik mafkuradan boshqasi keng xalq ongini qamrab olishi, egallashi mumkin emas, degan soxta\u00a0 tushunchaning asorati edi. Jadidshunos olim B.Qosimov jadidlik harakatining xarakter va muddaosini 3 turga bo\u02bblib izohlaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jamiyatning barcha qatlamlarini jalb eta oldi. Uyg\u02bbonish mafkurasi bo\u02bblib xizmat qildi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Mustaqillik uchun kurash olib bordi. Uning g\u02bbayrat va tashabbusi bilan dunyo ko\u02bbrgan Turkiston muxtoriyati bu yo\u02bbldagi amaliy harakatning dastlabki natijasi edi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Maorif va madaniyatni, matbuotni ijtimoiy-siyosiy maqsadlarga moslab chiqdi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Bu xarakter va yo\u02bbnalishni qator olimlar e\u02bctirof etdi. Bugungi kunda jadidlarni olib borgan ishlari keng jamoatchilik o\u02bbrtasida turli xil bahslarning vujudga kelishiga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda. Aslida jadidlar harakati faqat Turkistonda vujudga kelmadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Turkistonda jadidchilik XIX asrning 80-yillarida Rusiya musulmonlari, xususan, Kavkaz va Volga bo\u02bbyida yoyilgan shu nomdagi taraqqiyparvarlik harakatining bevosita ta\u02bcsiri va samarasi sifatida dunyoga keldi. Bunda Ismoil Gaspiralining \u201cTarjimon\u201d gazetasi (1883) va u asos solgan \u201cusuli jadid\u201d (ikkinchi nomi \u201cusuli savtiya\u201d) maktabi (1884) muhim rol o\u02bbynadi. Bu harakatning jadid deb atalishi haqida Abdulla Avloniy \u201cShul zamonda (1894-1904 yillar) yerli xalqlar orasida eskilik-yangilik (qadim-jadid) janjali boshlandi. G\u02bbazit o\u02bbqig\u02bbuvchilarni mullalar \u201cjadidchi\u201d nom bilan atar edi\u201d [3:61], degan fikrni keltiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jadidlikning poydevori, tamal toshi usuli jadid maktablarining tashkil qilinishi edi. Hamonki, maqsad jamiyatni yangilash ekan, uni yangi avlodgina qilishi mumkin edi. Buning uchun esa zamon talabiga mos yoshlarni tarbiyalash masalasi jadid allomalarining oldiga qo\u02bbyilgan bosh masala bo\u02bbldi. 1900-1925 yillar \u201cjadidchilik\u201d tushunchasining paydo bo\u02bblishi o\u02bbz davrining eng peshqadam, tashabbuslar davridir [3:10].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">O\u02bbzbek falsafasining ijtimoiy-falsafiy, diniy-axloqiy, siyosiy va madaniy taraqqiyotida \u201cXIX asrning so\u02bbnggi va keyingi yuz yillikning boshlanish davri g\u02bboyaviy-nazariy va mafkuraviy shakllanishining xilma-xilligi bilan ajralib turadi. Turkistonda o\u02bbsha paytda turli ma\u02bcnaviy-g\u02bboyaviy va mafkuraviy oqimlar \u2013 qadimchilar, jadidchilar, islohotchilar, bedilchilar, mashrabxonlar, shuningdek, Markaziy Osiyo, umuman turkiy xalqlarga taalluqli bo\u02bblgan tafakkurning turli shakllari hamda ijtimoiy-falsafiy mazmun va yo\u02bbnalishga ega bo\u02bblgan \u201cChig\u02bbatoy gurungi\u201d kabi ancha yetuk yig\u02bbinlar, ular ilgari surgan ma\u02bcrifiy ta\u02bclimotlar, nazariyalar mavjud edi\u201d[1: 155]. Demak, bu davrda nafaqat jadidlar harakati, balki boshqa harakatlar ham shakllangan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmidan ilg\u02bbor ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar davlat mustaqilligini yo\u02bbqotilishiga asosiy sabab, O\u02bbrta Osiyo jamiyatining siyosiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy qoloqligi ekanini juda yaxshi tushunib yetgan. Ular turli ijtimoiy qatlamlarning orasidan chiqqan va eng asosiysi zakovatli bo\u02bblib, ilg\u02bbor ziyolilarning birinchi avlodi bo\u02bbldi. Ana shu negizdan keyinchalik jadidlar yetishib chiqib ularning g\u02bboyalarini rivojlantirdi va ma\u02bcrifatdan siyosatga qarab yo\u02bbl oldi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Yangi ziyolilarning qarashlarida eng avvalo, aholining barcha ijtimoiy qatlamlari orasida hukm surgan savodsizlikni tugatish, eski ta\u02bclim tizimini isloh qilish, qoloq, eski va behuda odatlarga chek qo\u02bbyish singari maqsadlar ilgari surildi. Tadqiqotchilarning fikriga ko\u02bbra ular, ayniqsa diniy mutaassiblik, behuda sarf-xarajatlarga olib keluvchi an\u02bcanaviy odatlarga tanqidiy yondashgan. Agar bunday qarashlar debochasini Ahmad Donish kabi ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar boshlab bergan bo\u02bblsa, ularning g\u02bboya va qarashlarini Sadriddin Ayniy, Abdulvohid Munzim, Mirkomil Burxonov, Usmonxo\u02bbja Po\u02bblatxo\u02bbjaev, Xolidxoji Mehri, Mulla Vafo, Abdurauf Fitrat rivojlantirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Aslida jadidlik rasman XIX asrning oxirida o\u02bbz amaliy faoliyatini boshlagan bo\u02bblsa-da, ularning g\u02bboyalari shu asrning boshidayoq (o\u02bbn to\u02bbqqizinchi asrning boshida) o\u02bbz ta\u02bcsirini namoyon qilayotgan edi [4:99]. \u201cTurkistonda ilk bor Ovrupa texnikasini o\u02bbrganish kerakligi masalasini Qo\u02bbqon xoni Sayid Muhammad Hakimxon (Olimxonning ukasi) Rossiya, Turkiya, Eron va boshqa mamlakatlarga sayohat qilib qaytgach, 1843 yilda birinchi bo\u02bblib o\u02bbrtaga qo\u02bbygan \u201d[5:39]. Tashqi olam bilan tanishish Turkistonliklarning orasida falsafiy mushohadasi taraqqiy qilayotgan yoshlarni tarbiyalay boshladi. Bundan ko\u02bbrinadiki, tashqi olam bilan tanishish, o\u02bbzga millat va davlatlarning tarixi, madaniyati, Turkiston yoshlarining tafakkurini o\u02bbzgartirgan ilk sabablardan biridir. Tarixdan ma\u02bclumki, hamma vaqt globallashuv jarayoni mavjud bo\u02bblgan, faqat o\u02bbzini sekinlik bilan namoyon etgan. Mana shunday jarayonlarning natijasi o\u02bblaroq jadidlik ta\u02bclimoti o\u02bbzini turli yo\u02bbllar bilan namoyon qila boshladi. Turkistonda jadidlik g\u02bboyalari va harakatining ijtimoiy, siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ma\u02bcnaviy\u00a0 zamini XIX asrning oxirgi choragiga kelib to\u02bbliq yetildi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Rus hukumati o\u02bblkada xalqni asta-sekin ruslashtirishga qaratilgan siyosat olib bordi. 1870-yilda Rossiya xalq maorifi vazirligi maorifning maqsadi pirovardida barcha mahalliy aholini ruslashtirishdan iborat bo\u02bblishi haqida qaror qabul qilgan. Shunga o\u02bbxshash fikrni N.O.Ostroumov ham aytgan, u: \u201cRus hukumati mahalliy aholini rus xalqi bilan aralashtirishga harakat qilishi kerak. Shu yo\u02bbnalishda mahalliy aholining ma\u02bcorifini ma\u02bclum darajada rivojlantirish lozim\u201d [6:18], degan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Turkistonning Rossiyaga qo\u02bbshib olinishi o\u02bblka iqtisodiyotini yuksaltirishda xonlik tuzumiga nisbatan birmuncha qulay zamin yaratdi. Mahalliy aholining turmush tarzini o\u02bbzgartirish maqsadida bank, vokzal, bosmaxona, zavod kabi yangiliklar kirib kela boshladi. Temir yo\u02bbllar qurildi, yangi iqtisodiy aloqalar paydo bo\u02bbldi, litografiyalar vujudga keldi. Turkistonda jadidlarning taraqqiyparvar vakillari tomonidan \u201cTarbiyati atfol\u201d, \u201cUmid\u201d, \u201cNashri maorif\u201d, \u201cBarakat\u201d, \u201cG\u02bbayrat\u201d, \u201cTaraqqiy parvar\u201d kabi dastlabki ijtimoiy-siyosiy, ilmiy jamiyatlar tuzildi. Bu jamiyatlar gazeta va jurnallar chop etib xalqning ma\u02bcnaviy ongini oshirishga va mafkuraviy salohiyatini ko\u02bbtarishga intildi. Jadidlarning bevosita rahbarligida Toshkentda \u201cTaraqqiy\u201d, \u201cShuhrat\u201d, \u201cXurshid\u201d, \u201cSadoyi Turkiston\u201d, Samarqandda \u201cSamarqand\u201d, \u201cOyna\u201d, \u201cHurriyat\u201d, \u201cShu\u02bclai Inqilob\u201d, \u201cMehnatkashlar tovushi\u201d, \u201cBolalar yo\u02bbldoshi\u201d, \u201cTayoq majmuasi\u201d, davriy \u201cSharq\u201d, \u201cYosh kuch\u201d, \u201cZarafshon\u201d, Buxoroda \u201cTuron\u201d, \u201cBuxoroi Sharif\u201d, Qo\u02bbqonda \u201cSadoyi Farg\u02bbona\u201d kabi o\u02bbnlab gazeta va jurnallar nashr etila boshlandi. Bundan ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, o\u02bbz davrining ijtimoiy-falsafiy tafakkuri milliy ozodlik xarakteriga ega bo\u02bblgan. Shunday vaziyatda Turkistonda vujudga kelgan ijtimoiy harakatlardan biri \u2013 jadidlik vatanni mustaqillikka olib chiqish va milliy o\u02bbzlikni anglash tadbirlaridan biri edi. Ma\u02bclumki, milliy o\u02bbzlikni anglash muayyan millatning ijtimoiy-tarixiy, ma\u02bcnaviy-madaniy hayotini, qadriyatlarini, shuningdek, tabiatini bilishdir. Jadidlik mana shunday maqsadlarni ko\u02bbzlab shakllandi va rivojlanib bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">XIX asrning oxiri va XX asrning boshida Turkistondagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy va falsafiy qarashlar eng avvalo millat yoshlarini tarbiyalash va yangicha ko\u02bbrinishdagi ta\u02bclim tizimidan foydalanishni maqsad qilgan. Dastlab xususiy jadid maktablarini ochib yoshlarga ta\u02bclim bera boshlagan bo\u02bblsa, keyinchalik jadid maktablari shakllanishi keng quloch yozib bordi. Mintaqaning turli hududlarida o\u02bbziga xos tarzda bunday maktablar ochila boshladi. Shu o\u02bbrinda jadid maktablarining faoliyati haqida bo\u02bblgan quyidagi fikrga e\u02bctibor bersak, \u201cBiz turkistonliklar ham 15 yil bo\u02bbladirki, bu dunyoda o\u02bbzgalardek taraqqiy va toliy etmak orzusi bilan yangi maktablar ocha boshladik. Yolg\u02bbiz erkak bolalarimizni tarbiya etarg\u02bba kirishdik, ammo qizlarimizning tarbiyasiga hozirgacha hech bir ahamiyat bermadik\u201d [7:4]. 1910 yili bu \u201cusuli jadid\u201d, ya\u02bcni jadid maktablari yopildi. Ammo bu maktablarning yopilishi jadidlik harakatini susaytirolmadi, aksincha yanada rivojlanishi uchun xizmat qildi. Bundan \u201cko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, jadidlik keng ijtimoiy masalalar va ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik g\u02bboyalarini ilgari surish maqsadida shakllangan ijtimoiy-falsafiy yo\u02bbnalish bo\u02bblgan\u201d [8:20]. Ammo jadidlik ta\u02bclimotiga munosabat faqatgina mustaqillik yillarida o\u02bbz mavqeini tiklab bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Jadidlarning asosiy maqsadi dunyoviy ilmlarni egallagan yoshlarni tarbiyalash va ularning ma\u02bcnaviy ongini oshirish, o\u02bbz vazifasini o\u02bbtay olmay qolgan eskicha ta\u02bclim tizimiga yangicha innovatsion g\u02bboyalarni singdirish edi. Bundan tashqari ular ijtimoiy hayot tarzini zamonaviy hayotga moslashtirish,\u00a0 milliy va zamonaviy armiyani joriy etish, diniy va dunyoviy, axloqiy normalarni inobatga olgan holda yangi qonunchilik konsepsiyasini ishlab chiqish va joriy etish, davlatning boshqaruv tizimini isloh etish, hududiy tarqoqlikni bartaraf etish chora-tadbirlarini ishlab chiqish, jamiyat rivojlanishining barcha sohalari uchun milliy kadrlarni tayyorlash, davlatlar bilan diplomatik aloqalarni va tashqi siyosat konsepsiyasini o\u02bbrnatish kabi bir qancha masalalarni ilgari surdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmida Turkistonda vujudga kelgan ijtimoiy-falsafiy tafakkur taraqqiyotining o\u02bbziga xos xususiyati shundaki, A.Donish, Furqat, Muqimiy singari mutafakkirlar, Ibrohim Mo\u02bbminov ta\u02bckidlaganidek, adolatning va inson aqlining tantanasiga qarshi tanqid bayrog\u02bbini ko\u02bbtarib chiqdi. Bu bayroqni keyinchalik Behbudiy, Fitrat, Munavvar qori, Abdulla Avloniy, Hamza va Cho\u02bblpon kabilar yangi bosqichga ko\u02bbtardi. \u201cXX asrning avvalida jahon miqyosida yuz bergan ijtimoiy-siyosiy jarayonlardagi voqealar, 1905 yilgi rus revolyusiyasi, Turkiston xalqlarining ongida demokratik tushunchalarning shakllanishi va rivojlanishiga katta turtki bo\u02bbldi. Bunday siyosiy va iqtisodiy o\u02bbzgarishlar ijtimoiy tafakkurning taraqqiyotiga ta\u02bcsir etmay qolmadi. Yashirin bildirilgan demokratik talablar, ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik va vatanparvarlik g\u02bboyalari tobora oshkora bayon etiladigan va ayrim kishilarning hayot tarzi va maqsadlariga aylangan edi. Ana shu davrda shakllangan jadidlar ikki tomonlama tanqid ostida bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, keyinchalik Oktyabr to\u02bbntarishidan so\u02bbng jadidlar \u201cqizil zambaraklar\u201ddan o\u02bbqqa tutildi\u201d [8:33], demak ilg\u02bbor fikrli jadidlar o\u02bbz davrining qurboniga aylandi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Turkiston jadidlarining tarixiga nazar tashlar ekanmiz turli adabiyotlarda ularga zamonasining muhitiga qarab o\u02bbz ta\u02bcrifini berishgan. Masalan, jadidlarning faoliyati haqida Fayzulla Xo\u02bbjayev birinchilardan bo\u02bblib harakatni ikki yo\u02bbnalishda bo\u02bblganini ko\u02bbrsatib bergan: \u201cShunday qilib, sentabr revolyutsiyasi boshlanguncha Oktabr va uning oqibatlari tufayli vujudga kelgan jadidlar tashkilotlarining tabaqalanishi uzil-kesil rasmiylashdi, bu harakat bir-biridan butunlay boshqa bo\u02bblgan ikki qismga bo\u02bblindi: Uning birinchi qismi Buxoro Kommunistik partiyasiga kirib, o\u02bbz taqdirini Oktabr revolyutsiyasi va jahon kommunistik harakatining taqdiri bilan, jahon sotsial revolyutsiyasi uchun kurash bilan qo\u02bbshdi va birlashtirdi. Jadidlarning Oktabrgacha bo\u02bblgan qismi esa fevralgachagi pozitsiyalarda qolib o\u02bbzining millatchilik ideologiyasini tark etmadi\u201d [9:190].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Turkistonda o\u02bbz faoliyatini olib borgan jadidlar hududiy qatlamiga ko\u02bbra ham farqlangan. Masalan, Turkiston jadidlari, Buxoro jadidlari va Xiva jadidlariga ajratib tahlil qilsak, bularning asosiy maqsadlari ozodlik pozitsiyasiga yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, ichki tuzilishida ayrim farqlarni ham ko\u02bbrish mumkin. \u201cTurkiston jadidlari ham Buxoro jadidlari singari tabaqalanish yo\u02bblidan bordi. Turkiston jadidlarining katta qismi revolyutsiyani tushunmadi va uning ilgarigi milliy burjua ideologiyasida qolaverdi\u201d [8:192]. Bundan ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, jadidlarning faoliyati revolyutsiyadan oldingi va revolyutsiyadan keyingi bosqichlarga ajralgan. Masalan, Farg\u02bbona vodiysidagi milliy harakatlar, Yosh buxoroliklar, Yosh xivaliklar, Toshkentdagi ziyolilarning faoliyatlaridagi o\u02bbzaro birlik va o\u02bbziga xoslik holatlarini ham ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Samarqandda vujudga kelgan ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik harakati ijtimoiy rivojlanishi natijasida jadidlikning siyosiy bosqichiga ko\u02bbtarildi. O\u02bbz davrining ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan ijtimoiy-siyosiy oqimi sifatida jadidlik milliy o\u02bbz-o\u02bbzini anglashning o\u02bbsishiga va milliy-ozodlik mafkurasining shakllanishi va taraqqiyotiga juda katta xizmat qildi [10:4].<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Fikrimizning xulosasida Turkistonda vujudga kelgan jadidlikning asosiy bosh maqsadi jamiyat taraqqiyoti uchun lozim bo\u02bblgan barcha sohalarda innovatsion g\u02bboyalarni joriy qilish edi. Bu bilan jadidlar xalqning yashash tarzini o\u02bbzgartirishni, ularning ma\u02bcnaviy ongini rivojlantirishni asosiy maqsadlaridan biriga aylantirgan. Jadidlar Turkistonda milliy rivojlanish pozitsiyasining boshida jamiyatning siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ma\u02bcnaviy taraqqiyotini ta\u02bcminlash g\u02bboyasini olib chiqdi. Ular siyosiy faoliyatida mustaqillik g\u02bboyalari bilan yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilgan maqsadni ilgari surdi. Bu harakatni biz jadidlarning Chor Rossiyasining tajovuziga qarshi qaratilgan kurashida ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Jadidlar milliy rivojlanish bilan qaramlikka qarshi kurashmoq lozimligini angladi. Bu g\u02bboyalar jadidlar siyosiy faoliyatining asosini tashkil etdi. Shuning uchun jadidlar mazlum xalqni ozodlik kurashiga chorladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Nazarov. O\u02bbzbek falsafasi. \u2013T., 2003.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Tulak. XX asr o\u02bbzbek adabiyoti. \u2013Andijon, 1993.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Qosimov. Milliy uyg\u02bbonish: Jasorat, ma\u02bcrifat, fidoiylik. \u2013T., Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Sh.G\u02bbaffarov. Istibdod davrida Turkistondagi ta\u02bclim tizimi. \u2013 Samarqand.: SamDU nashr, 200.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Tog\u02bbaev. va boshqalar. Darsda jadidchilik va uning mohiyatini o\u02bbrganish.\/\/ \u201cXalq ta\u02bclimi\u201d, 1993, 1-son.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Jadidchilik: islohot, yangilanish, mustaqillik va taraqqiyot uchun kurash. \u2013T.: Universitet, 1999.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Hoji Muin. Oila tarbiyasi. \u201cMehnatkashlar tovushi\u201d gazetasi, 1918 yil 9 iyul.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Guli Mahmudova. Jadidizm va Turkistonda axloqiy-estetik fikr taraqqiyoti. \u2013T., 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Xo\u02bbjayev. Tanlangan asarlar: uch tomlik. \u2013T.: Fan, 1976. 1-tom.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">O\u02bbzbekiston tarixi: Yangi nigoh. Jadidlar harakatidan milliy mustaqillikka qadar. Davra suhbati materiallari. 1998 yil 9 oktabr. \u2013T.: Eldinur nashriyot uyi, 1998.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Dilnavoz TAG\u02bbOYEVA,<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">BuxDUPIning \u201cIjtimoiy fanlar\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">kafedrasi o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>XIX asrning oxiri XX asrning boshi jahon sivilizatsiyasining taraqqiyotida keskin burilishlar davri bo\u02bbldi. Bu davrda chuqur islohotlar, birinchi va ikkinchi jahon urushi bo\u02bblib, ilm-fan taraqqiyotida tub sifatiy o\u02bbzgarishlar ro\u02bby berdi. Bir jamiyatning butunlay yod jamiyat ta\u02bcsirida qolishi nafaqat hayotda balki kishilarning falsafasida ham inqilob yasadi. XIX asrning oxiri va XX asrning boshida Markaziy Osiyoda ham &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>XIX ASRNING OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHIDA JADIDLAR DUNYOQARASHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN OMILLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"XIX ASRNING OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHIDA JADIDLAR DUNYOQARASHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN OMILLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23165&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XIX ASRNING OXIRI VA XX ASR BOSHIDA JADIDLAR DUNYOQARASHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN OMILLAR - 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