{"id":23141,"date":"2022-07-27T10:04:44","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T05:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23141"},"modified":"2022-07-27T10:04:44","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T05:04:44","slug":"zamonaviy-o%ca%bbzb%d0%b5k-san%ca%bcatida-tasavvuf-mavzusi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23141&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hozirgi kunda, ilm-fanda \u201cTasavvuf mavzusi\u201d doirasida olib borilayotgan ilmiy izlanishlar xususida ko\u02bbplab bahs-munozaralar bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtmoqda. Bu munozaralar bir tomondan, tasavvufning to\u02bbliq o\u02bbrganilgani va uni qayta-qayta tadqiq etishning zarur emasligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchi tomondan, tasavvufni nafaqat tarixiy nuqtai nazardan o\u02bbrganish kerakligi, balki uning immanent jihatlarini ham o\u02bbrganishning zarurligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidadir. Tasavvuf ta\u02bclimoti qanchalik murakkab va uzoq vaqt davom etgan bo\u02bblsa, uning mohiyatini o\u02bbrganish, tadqiq etish ham shunchalik fanlararo izlanishlar olib borishni taqozo etadi. Prezident Sh.M.Mirziyoyev ta\u02bckidlaganidek, \u201cBuyuk ajdodlarimizning betakror va noyob ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy merosi biz uchun doimiy harakatdagi hayotiy dasturga aylanishi kerak. Bu o\u02bblmas meros hamisha yonimizda bo\u02bblib, bizga doimo kuch-quvvat va ilhom bag\u02bbishlashi lozim\u201d [1:225]. Darhaqiqat, tasavvufiy meros ma\u02bcnaviy qadriyat sifatida, milliy o\u02bbzlikni anglashda, farovon turmush tarzini yaratishda, yoshlarning intellektual salohiyati, ongu tafakkurini, dunyoqarashini yuksaltirishda, vatanparvarlik, insonparvarlik kabi ma\u02bcnaviy fazilatlarni shakllantirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf mavzusining zamonaviy o\u02bbzbek san\u02bcatida namoyon bo\u02bblishi dolzarb mavzulardan biri bo\u02bbldi. Tasavvuf yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilgan zamonaviy o\u02bbzbek san\u02bcati ijodkor tomoshabinni, o\u02bbquvchini ota-bobolarimizning yashash tarzi, xarakteri, mentaliteti, o\u02bby-hayollari, orzu umidlari, hayotiy tajribasi bilan tanishtiradi. Ularning hayot falsafasini ichki botiniy jihatlarini badiiy usulda tasvirlaydi, olam, borliq, inson to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi go\u02bbzal g\u02bboyalarni tushuntirib beradi. Hozirgi kunda o\u02bbzbek san\u02bcatida tasavvuf mavzusining ifodalanishi me\u02bcmorchilikda, haykaltaroshlikda, badiiy adabiyotda, rassomchilikda va ko\u02bbplab san\u02bcat namunalarida ko\u02bbrinmoqda. Bunga tasavvufiy g\u02bboya va qarashlarni o\u02bbzida ifodalovchi badiiy asarlarni, shuningdek, uni o\u02bbrganuvchi ijodkorlarning ijod namunalarini kiritish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalan, ilohiyotchi faylasuf\u00a0Imom G\u02bbazzoliyning<\/strong>\u00a0(1058-1111) \u201cIhyo ulum ad-din\u201d asarida shaxsda nafis did, estetik hissiyotning shakllanishi, shaxsning go\u02bbzallikka munosabati, uning komil insonga aylanishida din va san\u02bcatning o\u02bbrni muammolari aks etgan. G\u02bbazzoliy san\u02bcatni she\u02bcr bilan taqqoslab tushuntiradi. U: \u201cOddiy so\u02bbz san\u02bcat emas qofiya, vaznga solingan bayt, hijolari tartiblashgan nutq, qisqa bo\u02bbg\u02bbinlarni cho\u02bbzib uzun bo\u02bbg\u02bbinlarni kesib talaffuz etish, so\u02bbzlarning ruknlarga bo\u02bbysundirilishi va unga musiqaning jo\u02bbr bo\u02bblishi san\u02bcatdir\u201d, deydi. \u201cEstetik tuyg\u02bbular esa insonda tug\u02bbma mavjud san\u02bcat vositalari, nafosatning ta\u02bcsiri orqali ular faqatgina anglab yetiladi\u201d, deb ta\u02bckidlaydi [2:117]. Imom G\u02bbazzoliyning qarashlaridan ma\u02bclumki, tasavvufiy ma\u02bclumotlar, qonun-qoidalar tizimining badiiy usulda yetkazib berilishi o\u02bbsha nazariyalarning ta\u02bcsir doirasini oshirgan. Bir tomondan tasavvufiy alloma va mutafakkirlarning ta\u02bclimotning asosiy g\u02bboyalarini badiiy usulda ifodalashi bu san\u02bcat, ikkinchi tomondan o\u02bbsha davrda ishlab chiqilgan bu tasavvufiy g\u02bboya va nazariyalar ta\u02bclimot, ilm-ma\u02bcrifat hamdir. Shu bilan birga, \u201ctasavvuf ta\u02bclimotining yirik namoyandalari ijodini chuqur o\u02bbrgangan G\u02bbazzoliy so\u02bbfiylarning haqiqat, go\u02bbzallik va ezgulik haqidagi fikrlari muntazam o\u02bbqish va fikr yuritish orqali emas, balki sinovlar, boshdan kechgan voqealar va qalb sifatlarining o\u02bbzgarishi bilan bog\u02bbliq ekanini anglagan\u201d [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

San\u02bcat, badiiy asar va ijodiy faoliyat nochiziqli jarayon bo\u02bblib, bu holatda muallifning bilimi, g\u02bboyalari, tasavvuri, badiiy imkoniyatlari muhim ahamiyatga ega. San\u02bcat asarining obyekti olam, tabiat, jamiyatdagi narsa va hodisalar, insonning hayoti va ichki ruhiy kechinmalari bo\u02bblishi mumkin. Ijodkorning faoliyatida san\u02bcat asarining obyekti badiiylik va majoziylik nuqtai nazaridan tasvirlanadi va ifoda etiladi. Bu ifoda va tasvirlash jarayoni aynan amalga oshirilmasligi bilan nochiziqli xarakterga ega. San\u02bcat, badiiy asar va ijodiy faoliyat jarayoni nochiziqli jarayon sifatida kutilmagan mavzularni obyekt darajasiga olib chiqadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozirgi kunda \u201ctasavvuf mavzusi\u201d ilm-fanda va badiiy ijodiyotda ma\u02bcnaviy meros, milliy qadriyat sifatida takomillashmoqda va buning ustida ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilmoqda. \u201cTasavvuf mavzusi\u201d deganda nima nazarda tutilmoqda? Ma\u02bclumki, san\u02bcatning turlari, yo\u02bbnalishlari juda ham ko\u02bbp, ammo har bir san\u02bcat turi yoki shaklining alohida predmeti, usullari mavjud. Masalan, tasavvuf namoyandalarining asarlari, ularning qarashlari badiiy adabiyotda dolzarb mavzulardan biri hisoblanadi. Masalan, Ibrohim Haqqul \u201cTasavvuf va she\u02bcriyat\u201d, Hamidjon Islomiy \u201cTasavvuf allomalari\u201d nomli asarida tasavvufning badiiy asoslarini tahlil qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvufiy mazmundagi san\u02bcat va badiiy asarlarni yaratishda ijodkorning tasavvufiy tafakkur tarzi, bilimi va qarashlari muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, ijodkorda tasavvufiy bilim va qarashlarni go\u02bbzallik va badiiylik nuqtai nazaridan talqin etish ham kuzatiladi. Chunki, \u201cestetik tuyg\u02bbu, go\u02bbzallik haqida odamlardagi tushuncha, tasavvur bilan ularni o\u02bbragan muhit o\u02bbrtasida to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri munosabat bo\u02bblmasligi mumkin. Lekin badiiy go\u02bbzallik ijodkorni hayotga boshqacha qarash va e\u02bctibor yuritish salohiyatini, insondagi yangi-yangi ma\u02bcnaviy his-hayajon to\u02bblqinlarini kuchaytiradi\u201d [4:21]. Badiiy asardagi estetik kechinmalarni, go\u02bbzallikni his qilish orqaligina uning tub mohiyatini anglash mumkin bo\u02bbladi. Shundagina asarda berilgan estetik mazmun ma\u02bcnaviy ehtiyoj sifatida odamlarda go\u02bbzal odatlarni, ko\u02bbnikmalarni keltirib chiqaradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xorijiy mamlakatlarning zamonaviy san\u02bcatida tasavvuf mavzusi juda dolzarb, ayniqsa Turkiya, Pokiston, Hindistonda so\u02bbfiylarning she\u02bcr, musiqa va raqs ko\u02bbrinishidagi amaliyotlari mavjud. Ularda har yili so\u02bbfiylik madaniyati va an\u02bcanalarini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiluvchi festivallar o\u02bbtkaziladi. L.Lukoyanovaning yozishicha, tasavvufiy ruhiy musiqa ijrochilarining soni ham yildan yilga ortib bormoqda. Nusrat Foteh Alixonning yorqin ijrolaridan millionlab muxlislar ruhiy ekstaz holatiga tushadi. Nusrat Foteh Alixon so\u02bbfiy emas, lekin bolaligida so\u02bbfiylarning safida ko\u02bbp vaqtini o\u02bbtkazgan va ularni, ayniqsa namozga o\u02bbxshash so\u02bbfiy musiqasini yaxshi o\u02bbrgangan [5]. Tasavvufiy san\u02bcat asarlarining asosiy maqsadi: Birinchidan, tomoshabinga, o\u02bbquvchiga tasavvufiy madaniyat va an\u02bcanalar, urf-odatlar to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida badiiy axborotlarni yetkazish bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchidan, tasavvufning falsafiy g\u02bboya va nazariyalarini tub mohiyatini anglashga qaratilgan bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zamonaviy o\u02bbzbek san\u02bcatida ham tasavvufiy g\u02bboya va nazariyalar juda ko\u02bbplab san\u02bcat turlarida o\u02bbzini namoyon qiladi. Masalan, Rassom B.Mahkamov o\u02bbz kartinalarida tasavvufiy an\u02bcana va madaniyatlarni tasvirlagan. Bu badiiy asarlarda ajdodlarimizning o\u02bbziga xos hayot falsafasi aks etgan. Ijodkorning maqsadi tasavvufona hayot tarzini ifodalash orqali milliy merosimiz va milliy qadriyatlarimizni anglash, ularni avaylab asrashga da\u02bcvat etishdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixiy nuqtai nazardan qaraydigan bo\u02bblsak tasavvuf mavzusi va ruhida yaratilgan san\u02bcat asarlari qalb go\u02bbzalligi va nozikligining, tuyg\u02bbular teranligining, ilhomlanish madaniyatining paydo bo\u02bblishiga asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. Zamonaviy nuqtai nazardan, zamonaviy san\u02bcat asarlarida tasavvuf mavzusining obyekt darajasiga olib chiqilishi albatta bu o\u02bbzlikni anglash, milliy qadriyatlarni his qilish, tarixda ajdodlarimizning qo\u02bblga kiritgan yuksak madaniy va ma\u02bcnaviy yutuqlaridan bahramand bo\u02bblish va yana bir bor tarix sahifalariga muhrlashdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

1-rasm. O\u02bbtgan kunlar. 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

2-rasm. Eski shaharga kirish. 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu rasmlarda, ijodkor tasavvufona oddiy va faqirona hayot tarzini go\u02bbzallik darajasiga olib chiqqan va asarda milliy madaniyatimiz, hayot falsafamiz, milliy an\u02bcanalarimiz chuqur ifodalangan. Kartinalarni kuzatayotgan kishining qalbida milliylik, ajdodlar ruhini his qilish holati kuzatiladi. Tasviriy san\u02bcatda, avliyolar, farishtalar, muqaddas ziyoratgohlar va shunga o\u02bbxshash tasavvufiy mazmundagi asarlar juda ko\u02bbp. Alloh yaratgan dunyoning bepoyonligi, xilma-xilligi va go\u02bbzalligi san\u02bcatning boshqa ko\u02bbrinishlarida, ya\u02bcni kaligrafiya, xattotlik va arnament naqshlarda ham mujassamlashgan. Qur\u02bconi Karimning oyat va suralari bilan masjid va minoralar, peshtoq yo\u02bbllari va muhtasham binolarning devorlari bezatilgan. Badiiy asarlarni yaratishda me\u02bcmorchilik, arxitektura, musiqa, adabiyot, kino, teatr kabi ko\u02bbplab san\u02bcat turlarida tasavvufiy merosga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotining go\u02bbzal g\u02bboyalari \u2013 tinchliksevarlik, ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik, insonparvarlik, bag\u02bbrikenglik, mehr-muruvvat, nafsni tiyishning san\u02bcat asarlarida aks etishi, insonning ma\u02bcnaviyatini shakllanishiga, milliy o\u02bbzligini anglashiga ijobiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatadi. \u201cMa\u02bcnaviyat \u2013 bu insonlar orasidagi o\u02bbzaro ishonch, hurmat va e\u02bctibor, xalq va davlat kelajagini birgalikda qurish yo\u02bblidagi ezgu intilishlar, ibratli fazilatlar majmuasidir\u201d [6:267]. Darhaqiqat, \u201cAzaliy milliy qadriyatlarimiz, ota-bobolarimizdan meros bo\u02bblib kelayotgan odob-axloq qoidalarining butunlay yo\u02bbqolish xavfi yuzaga kelayotgan hozirgi globallashuv sharoitida, ma\u02bcnaviyat va ma\u02bcrifatga, axloqiy tarbiyaga, yoshlarning bilim olishiga va kamolotga yetishish uchun intilishiga e\u02bctibor qaratish birlamchi vazifamizdir\u201d [7:277].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvufiy san\u02bcat asarlari insonga milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlarni asrab-avaylashni o\u02bbrgatadi va yoshlarning tafakkurini ma\u02bcnaviy merosimizning g\u02bboya va nazariyalari bilan boyitishga xizmat qiladi. Yana u tarixiy o\u02bbtmishimizni, ajdodlarimizning pand-nasihatlarini, tajribalarining amaliy ahamiyatini anglashga da\u02bcvat etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvufiy g\u02bboya va nazariyalarning san\u02bcatda namoyon bo\u02bblishi birinchidan, san\u02bcatning taraqqiyotiga, xalqchillik, insonparvarlik, jozibadorlik xususiyatlariga, o\u02bbziga xos san\u02bcat turlarining paydo bo\u02bblishiga keng ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan va tasavvuf san\u02bcati, islom san\u02bcati kabi tushunchalarning yuzaga kelishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Ikkinchidan, tasavvuf ilmining she\u02bcriyatda aks etishi tasavvuf adabiyotining paydo bo\u02bblishiga olib kelgan, chunki asarlar ko\u02bbpincha Allohga duo va iltijolardan iborat bo\u02bblib Payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad (S.A.V.)ga sog\u02bbinch va muhabbat izhori bilan to\u02bbldirilgan ijod namunalari bo\u02bblgan. Uchinchidan, tasavvufiy g\u02bboya va nazariyalarning san\u02bcat asarlarida va badiiy asarlarda aks etishi qadimdan to bugungi kunga qadar insonga ma\u02bcnaviy ozuqa berib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Voqelik haqidagi san\u02bcatkorning hukmi o\u02bbquvchi va tomoshabinning xulosasi bilan teng bo\u02bblmasligi mumkin. Lekin eng qizig\u02bbi shundaki, san\u02bcatkor o\u02bbquvchi va tomoshabinga erkin fikr yuritish va erkin tuyg\u02bbularga burkanish imkoniyatini yaratadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    G.Mahmudova. \u201cMadaniy sivilizatsiya kontekstida Xojagon, Naqshbandiya tasavvufiy ta\u02bclimotlari ilmiy-ma\u02bcnaviy merosining umumbashariy ahamiyati\u201d mavzusidagi Respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi. \u2013 Navoiy: 2018. B.32.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    L.A.Lukoyanova. Traditsii sufiyev v sovremennom islamskom iskusstve \/\/ Sovremenn\u044bye nauchn\u044bye issledovaniya i innovatsii. 2011. \u2116 2 [Elektronn\u044by resurs]. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/web.snauka.ru\/issues\/2011\/06\/943<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Sh.M.Mirziyoyev. Yangi O\u02bbzbekiston strategiyasi. Toshkent: \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston\u201d, 2021. -267 b.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Shaxnoza TURSUNKULOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    SamDU dotsenti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hozirgi kunda, ilm-fanda \u201cTasavvuf mavzusi\u201d doirasida olib borilayotgan ilmiy izlanishlar xususida ko\u02bbplab bahs-munozaralar bo\u02bblib o\u02bbtmoqda. Bu munozaralar bir tomondan, tasavvufning to\u02bbliq o\u02bbrganilgani va uni qayta-qayta tadqiq etishning zarur emasligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bo\u02bblsa, ikkinchi tomondan, tasavvufni nafaqat tarixiy nuqtai nazardan o\u02bbrganish kerakligi, balki uning immanent jihatlarini ham o\u02bbrganishning zarurligi to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidadir. Tasavvuf ta\u02bclimoti qanchalik murakkab va uzoq vaqt …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23141&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23141&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-27T05:04:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tasavvuff2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"659\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23141&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23141&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ZAMONAVIY O\u02bbZB\u0415K SAN\u02bcATIDA TASAVVUF MAVZUSI - 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