{"id":23121,"date":"2022-07-25T09:27:50","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T04:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23121"},"modified":"2022-07-25T09:27:50","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T04:27:50","slug":"o%ca%bbzb%d0%b5kiston-r%d0%b5spublikasida-til-taraqqiyotining-yangi-davri-va-ijtimoiy-tarixiy-asp%d0%b5ktlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23121&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON R\u0415SPUBLIKASIDA TIL TARAQQIYOTINING YANGI DAVRI VA IJTIMOIY TARIXIY ASP\u0415KTLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Til \u2013 millat qiyofasining bir bo\u02bblagi. Shu sababli hali mustaqillikka ilk qadamlar tashlanayotgan davrdayoq o\u02bbzbek tiliga davlat tili maqomi berildi. Dunyodagi barcha xalq o\u02bbzining milliy rasmiy tiliga ega, deb aytolmaymiz. Chunki bu xalqning milliy mustaqilligi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Bu olamshumul hodisaning tub mohiyatini kelajak avlod ongiga singdirish, unga muhabbati, sadoqatini yanada mustahkamlash shu til jonkuyarlari \u2013 o\u02bbqituvchilar, tilshunoslar, umuman o\u02bbzini shu millatning farzandi deb bilgan har bir shaxsning har kunlik burchi bo\u02bblishi shart. Shundagina o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlod til nega milliy g\u02bburur ekanligini his etadigan, turli ma\u02bcnaviy, mafkuraviy tahdidlar ta\u02bcsiriga tushmaydigan bo\u02bblib yetishadi[1].\u00a0Shuncha yillar o\u02bbtdi, xo\u02bbsh, o\u02bbzbek tili chindan ham davlat va xalq tili darajasiga erisha oldimi? Savol hamon dolzarb.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2019-yil 21-oktyabr kuni Davlatimiz rahbari \u201cO\u02bbzbek tilining davlat tili sifatidagi nufuzi va mavqeini tubdan oshirish chora-tadbirlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida\u201dgi farmonni imzoladi. Xususan, 21-oktyabr yurtimizda \u201cO\u02bbzbek tili bayrami kuni\u201d deb belgilandi. Vazirlar Mahkamasi tuzilmasida Davlat tilini rivojlantirish departamenti tashkil etildi. Qolaversa, Vazirlar Mahkamasi huzurida o\u02bbz faoliyatini jamoatchilik asosida amalga oshiradigan, yangi so\u02bbz va atamalarni rasmiy iste\u02bcmolga kiritadigan Atamalar komissiyasi ishlab turibdi. Bu, albatta, muhim hujjat, davlat tilini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan ishlarning mantiqiy davomi, sohada yana bir muhim qadam. Chunki O\u02bbzbekistonda shu vaqtgacha davlat tili to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi qonun hujjatlariga rioya etilishi ustidan monitoringni amalga oshiradigan yagona, mustaqil va markazlashgan tuzilma yo\u02bbq edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDavlat tili haqida\u201dgi qonunning bir qator normalari deklarativ va umumiy xarakterga ega bo\u02bblganligi sababli ko\u02bbzlangan maqsadlarga to\u02bbla erishish imkonini bermayapti. Xususan, \u201cDavlat tili haqida\u201dgi qonunning (keyingi o\u02bbrinlarda Qonun) 8-moddasida \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining qonunlari, davlat hokimiyati va boshqaruv organlarining boshqa hujjatlari davlat tilida qabul qilinadi va e\u02bclon etiladi. Bu hujjatlarning tarjimalari boshqa tillarda ham e\u02bclon qilinadi\u201d, deb belgilangan bo\u02bblsa-da, ayrim sohalardagi davlat idoralarida hujjatlarni davlat tilida qabul qilish yetarlicha yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilmagan. Bu esa ayrim hollarda jismoniy va yuridik shaxslarga noqulayliklar keltirib chiqarmoqda. Shuningdek, Qonunning 10-moddasida korxonalar, muassasalar, tashkilotlar va jamoat birlashmalarida ish yuritish, hisob-kitob, statistika va moliya hujjatlari davlat tilida yuritiladi, ishlovchilarining ko\u02bbpchiligi o\u02bbzbek tilini bilmaydigan jamoalarda davlat tili bilan bir qatorda boshqa tillarda ham amalga oshirilishi mumkinligi belgilanganligiga qaramasdan, ayrim sohalarda statistika va moliya hujjatlari, shartnomalar talab darajasida davlat tilida yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilmagan. Xususan, ayrim xizmat ko\u02bbrsatish sohalari (kommunal, internet xizmatlari va hk.<\/strong>) tomonidan shartnoma, dalolatnoma, ogohlantirish xati kabi hujjatlarni xorijiy tilda rasmiylashtirish holatlarini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Davlat hokimiyati va boshqaruv organlarining hujjatlarida o\u02bbzbek tilida o\u02bbrindoshi mavjud bo\u02bblgan so\u02bbzlardan foydalanmasdan xorijiy atamalarni (termin,\u00a0shtat, komissiya<\/strong>\u00a0va boshqa shu kabi so\u02bbzlarni) qo\u02bbllash holatlarini ham uchratish mumkin[2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Til \u2013 muqaddas va e\u02bczozlangan tushuncha, har bir inson uchun o\u02bbz onasi kabi aziz va mo\u02bbtabar. Til \u2013 hayotning boshlanishi. Inson o\u02bbz ona tili yordamida yangi tushunchalar va munosabatlarni anglay boshlaydi. Ona tili bizga ona suti bilan singdiriladi. Inson ulg\u02bbaygan sayin atrofidagilar bilan muloqot qilish, badiiy kitoblar o\u02bbqish orqali so\u02bbz boyligini oshirib boradi. Ota-bobolarimiz tarixi, milliy va ma\u02bcnaviy qadriyatlarimiz bizga ona tilimiz yordamida meros bo\u02bblib qoldi. Xalqlar tarixi \u2013 bu ular tilining tarixi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiy til\u00a0VII-VIII asrlardan boshlab yuzaga kela boshlagan. Dastlab turkiy tilda Mahmud Qoshg\u02bbariy, Yusuf xos Xojib, Ahmad Yugnakiy va Rabg\u02bbuziy o\u02bbzbek tilining rivojlanishida katta hissa qo\u02bbshishgan. XI-XV asrlarda Lutfiy, Atoiy, Sakkokiy va Xorazmiy kabi shoirlar ham o\u02bbzlariga xos o\u02bbrin tutdilar. Ushbu shoirlar va o\u02bbz davrining atoqli yozuvchilari yaratgan mashhur asarlardan ingliz, fransuz, nemis, yapon va xitoy olim va shoirlari ko\u02bbplab foydalanib kelishgan. XV asr o\u02bbzbek tilining gullab-yashnagan davri bo\u02bblgan. Bu davr Alisher Navoiy ijodiga ham bog\u02bbliq. \u201cXamsa\u201d, \u201cXazoinul-maoniy\u201d, \u201cMuhokamatul lug\u02bbatayn\u201d, \u201cMajoinul nafois\u201d kabi asarlari bilan Navoiy turk tilini jahon miqyosiga olib chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

So\u02bbz mulkining sultoni Alisher Navoiy tilimizni \u201cshajara bog\u02bbi\u201d timsolida his etib, xalqni bulbulga qiyosladi. Ana shu boqqa gard tushmasin, bulbullarning ovozi hamisha yangroq va baland bo\u02bblsin, dedi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dunyoga mashhur \u201cDevoni lug\u02bbatut turk\u201d asari Mahmud Qoshg\u02bbariy tomonidan hijriy 464, milodiy 1068 yili yozib tugallangan. Ushbu asar \u00a0XV asr turkiy qabilalarining til xususiyatlari, og\u02bbzaki ijodini o\u02bbrganishi uchun asosiy manba hisoblangan. Lug\u02bbat hozirgi lug\u02bbatlarga o\u02bbxshab yolg\u02bbiz so\u02bbzlarning lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnosini izohlabgina qolmasdan balki, unda o\u02bbsha davrda o\u02bbg\u02bbuz, uyg\u02bbur, qipchoq, chigil, qarluq kabi 37 urug\u02bb birlashmalariga kirgan turkiy urug\u02bb va qabilalarning fanatik, leksik, grammatik til xususiyatlarini ta\u02bcriflovchi tarixga oid asarlar hamdir. Devonda turkiy urug\u02bblarning joylashishi hamda xaritasi ham ilova qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Mahmud Qoshg\u02bbariy Chin (Xitoy) davlatidan butun Movarounnahr (Xorazm, Farg\u02bbona, Buxoro, Dashti qipchoq)ni kezib, bu yerlarda joylashgan turkiy urug\u02bb va qabilalarning tili, ijtimoiy turmushini, tarixini o\u02bbrganadi. \u201cDevoni lug\u02bbatit-turk\u201d asarining taxminan XV asrda ko\u02bbchirilgan qo\u02bblyozmasi va turk tiliga tarjimasi 1860-63 yillarda professor S. Mutalibov tomonidan tarjima qilindi. Bu uning 20 yillik ishi natijasi edi[3]. Millatlarni ajratib turuvchi asosiy belgilardan biri bu til ekan, har bir inson o\u02bbz tilini bilishi, uni ulug\u02bblashi va shu bilan birga boshqa millatlarning ona tiliga ham hurmat bilan qarashi lozim. Shundagina tilning, millatning qadri va obro\u02bbyi, nufuzi oshadi. Til tarixini, uning me\u02bcyoriy nuqtai nazardan shakllanish jarayonini, rivojlanishini\u00a0millat tarixidan ayri holda o\u02bbrganib bo\u02bblmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0Yuqori rivojlangan davlatlar darajasiga erishish va raqobatdosh bo\u02bblish uchun O\u02bbzbekiston fuqarolari xalqaro tillarni bilishlari muhim, albatta. Chunki biz global rivojlanish tendensiyalaridan orqada qola olmaymiz, lekin shuni unutmaslik kerakki, o\u02bbzbek tili\u00a0dunyodagi barcha rasmiy tillar qatori suveren til maqomini olgan ekan, har bir O\u02bbzbekiston fuqarosi davlat tilini bilishi shart.\u00a0Hech kim hech qachon o\u02bbz ona tiliga bo\u02bblgan hurmatni yo\u02bbqotmasligi kerak. Tilga hurmat \u2013 bu xalqqa hurmat. O\u02bbz\u00a0ona tiliga ega bo\u02bblmagan\u00a0xalq\u00a0mamlakat bo\u02bblolmaydi. Tilning egasi xalq, ammo xalqning bitta vakili loqayd bo\u02bblsa ham milliy til sofligiga putur yetadi. Til davlat timsoli, mulki hisoblanadi. Til madaniyatiga amal qilinmasa, milliy madaniyatga dog\u02bb tushadi. Shu sababli, bu ulkan hodisaning tub mohiyatini kelajak avlod ongiga singdirish, ona tiliga bo\u02bblgan muhabbat va sadoqatini yanada mustahkamlash borasida olib borilayotgan ishlar ko\u02bblami yil sayin kengayib bormoqda. Binobarin, o\u02bbzini o\u02bbzbek millatining farzandiman, deb bilgan har bir shaxs ona tilimizga e\u02bctiborli bo\u02bblishi, uning sofligini asrab-avaylashni muqaddas burchi deb bilishi shart.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0O\u02bbzbek tilining Vatanimizda davlat tili sifatida amal qilinishining huquqiy asoslari qonunan belgilab qo\u02bbyilgan. O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasining \u201cDavlat tili haqida\u201dgi qonuni uch tamoyilga: umumiylik, majburiylik va huquqiy kafolatga asoslanadi. Darhaqiqat, davlat tilining mustahkam huquqiy maqomi belgilab qo\u02bbyilgani tilimizning boy imkoniyatlaridan keng foydalanishga yetarlicha zamin yaratib, mamlakatimizda istiqomat qiluvchi barcha millat va elatlarning tillari, urf-odatlari va an\u02bcanalari hurmat qilinishi barobarida o\u02bbzbek tilining erkin muomalada bo\u02bblishi uchun zarur shart-sharoitni yaratib berdi. Dunyoda taniqli mamlakat bo\u02bblish uchun biz davlat tilining maqomini ko\u02bbtarishga erishishimiz lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

So\u02bbnggi yillarida mamlakatimizda barcha sohalarda bo\u02bblgani kabi tilimiz taraqqiyotida ham muhim o\u02bbzgarishlar yuz bermoqda. O\u02bbzbek tilining xalqaro miqyosda obro\u02bbyi oshib, faol muloqot vositasiga aylanib bormoqda. Turli darajadagi rasmiy uchrashuv va muzokaralarda tilimiz keng qo\u02bbllanayotgani, xorijdagi qator ta\u02bclim dargohlarida, ilmiy muassasalarda o\u02bbzbek tili markazlari tashkil etilib, ularda ona tilimizni o\u02bbrganishga qiziquvchilar soni ko\u02bbpayib borayotgani buning yaqqol dalilidir.\u00a0Ona tilimiz\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0o\u02bbzbek tiliga 1989 yil 21 oktyabrda davlat tili maqomi berildi.\u00a0<\/strong>Bu mamlakatimiz, yurtdoshlarimiz hayotidagi unutilmas, tarixiy voqeaga aylandi. Ayni paytda tilimizning ijtimoiy mavqeini yanada mustahkamlash, yuksaltirish uchun ham beqiyos imkoniyat yaratildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimlar va mutaxassislar tomonidan ilm-fan va turli sohalarga oid ensiklopediya va lug\u02bbatlar, darslik va o\u02bbquv qo\u02bbllanmalari chop etildi. Lotin yozuviga asoslangan o\u02bbzbek alifbosining yaratilishi uni amaliyotga tatbiq etilishi ham shu ishlarning uzviy davomi bo\u02bbldi. E\u02bctirof etish kerakki, dunyodagi 200 ta til bugungi kunda davlat tili maqomiga erishgan bo\u02bblib, shular orasida o\u02bbzbek tili ham bor. Bu esa, har birimizning qalbimizda faxr-iftixor tuyg\u02bbularini uyg\u02bbotib, tilimiz sofligini saqlashda zimmamizga mas\u02bculiyatlar ham yuklaydi. Yosh avlodni ana shu ruhda tarbiyalash esa pedagoglar, qolaversa, keng jamoatchilikning vazifasi, burchi hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbek tilining boy imkoniyatlari bugungi kunda tilshunoslarimiz tomonidan chuqur o\u02bbrganilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbek adabiy tili turkiy tillar guruhiga mansub bo\u02bblib, u mustaqil til sifatida XI asrdan boshlab shakllana boshladi va to hozirgi kunimizgacha bu tilda ko\u02bbplab ilmiy va badiiy asarlar yaratildi. Xususan, Maxmud Qoshg\u02bbariyning \u201cDevoni lug\u02bbotit-turk\u201d, Yusuf Xos Hojibning \u201cQutadg\u02bbu bilig\u201d, Xorazmiyning \u201cMuhabbatnoma\u201d, Rabg\u02bbuziyning \u201cQissai Rabg\u02bbuziy\u201d, shuningdek, Atoyi, Sakkokiy, Sayfi Saroiy, Mavlono, Lutfiylarning yaratgan boy ilmiy-adabiy meroslarini tilga olish mumkin. Ayniqsa, turkiy tilning beqiyos imkoniyatlarini ko\u02bbrsatishda Alisher Navoiyning buyuk xizmatlarini alohida e\u02bctirof etish joiz. Hazratning nafaqat badiiyati, balki tilshunoslikka bag\u02bbishlangan \u201cMuhokomatul lug\u02bbatayn\u201d, ya\u02bcni \u201cIkki til muhokamasi\u201d nomli asari shu sohadagi qiyosi yo\u02bbq manba hisoblanadi. Qolaversa, shoh va shoir Bobur Mirzoning tilimizda yaratgan go\u02bbzal asarlari bugun ham o\u02bbquvchilar tomonidan sevib mutolaa qilinadi. Albatta, ona tilimizning taraqqiyoti yuqorida nomlari keltirilgan buyuk ajdodlarimizning yuksak muhabbatida ko\u02bbrinib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozirgi o\u02bbzbek adabiy tili me\u02bcyorlashtirilgan bo\u02bblib, tilimizning lug\u02bbat boyligi, tovush tizimi va grammatik qurilishi olimlar tomonidan ilmiy asoslarda o\u02bbrganilgan. Bu sohadagi izlanishlar bugun ham davom etmoqda. Aytish joizki, o\u02bbzbek tili mamlakatimiz maktablarida XX asrdan boshlab o\u02bbqitila boshlandi. Ta\u02bclim jarayonida kishilarimizning tilga oid bilimlari shakllantirilib, nutqiy savodxonlik darajasi o\u02bbstirib borildi. Bugun maktab, kollej, akademik litseylar va oliy o\u02bbquv yurti talabalari uchun yangi avlod darsliklari yaratilib, ularda tilimizni yangicha asosda o\u02bbrganishga e\u02bctibor qaratilmoqda. Bu esa, shubhasiz o\u02bbzining ijobiy natijalarini berib kelmoqda[4].\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
1.Sh.Mirziyoyev. O\u02bbzbek tilining davlat tili sifatidagi nufuzi va maqeini tubdan oshirish chora-tadbirlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida. \u2013T., 2019 yil 21 oktyabr, PF-5850-son.<\/span><\/div>\n
2.Mirziyoyev Sh.M. O\u02bbzbek tili xalqimiz uchun milliy o\u02bbzligimiz va mustaqil davlatchilik timsoli, bebaho ma\u02bcnaviy boylik, buyuk qadriyatdir \/\/ Xalq so\u02bbzi gazetasi. \u2013 2019 yil 22 oktyabr, 218-son.<\/span><\/div>\n
3.G.Ortiqxo\u02bbjayeva. Davlat tili-faxrimiz, g\u02bbururimiz.Adolat. 23.10.2015.<\/span><\/div>\n
4.Nurmatov,S.Avezov,<\/strong>O\u02bbzbek tili chindan ham davlat va xalq tili\u00a0 darajasiga erisha oldimi? 07.10.2020. https:\/\/www.xabar.uz\/uz\/jamiyat\/ozbek-tili-chindan-ham-davlat-va-xa<\/span><\/div>\n
5.O.Xusanov. O\u02bbzbek tili tarixi boy va betakror. Bulung\u02bbur hayoti gazetasi. 19-04-2019. http:\/\/bulungurhayoti.uz\/index.php?newsid=2114.<\/span><\/div>\n
6.Muhammedova\u00a0 S. Harakat\u00a0 fe\u02bcllari\u00a0 asosida\u00a0 kompyuter\u00a0 dasturlari\u00a0 uchun\u00a0 lingvistik\u00a0 ta\u02bcmin yaratish.\u00a0 Metodik qo\u02bbllanma. \u2013T., 2006.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
Marg\u02bbuba QURBONOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Qarshi muhandislik iqtisodiyot instituti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u201cIjtimoiy fanlar\u201d kafedrasi katta o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Til \u2013 millat qiyofasining bir bo\u02bblagi. Shu sababli hali mustaqillikka ilk qadamlar tashlanayotgan davrdayoq o\u02bbzbek tiliga davlat tili maqomi berildi. Dunyodagi barcha xalq o\u02bbzining milliy rasmiy tiliga ega, deb aytolmaymiz. Chunki bu xalqning milliy mustaqilligi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Bu olamshumul hodisaning tub mohiyatini kelajak avlod ongiga singdirish, unga muhabbati, sadoqatini yanada mustahkamlash shu til jonkuyarlari \u2013 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON R\u0415SPUBLIKASIDA TIL TARAQQIYOTINING YANGI DAVRI VA IJTIMOIY TARIXIY ASP\u0415KTLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON R\u0415SPUBLIKASIDA TIL TARAQQIYOTINING YANGI DAVRI VA IJTIMOIY TARIXIY ASP\u0415KTLARI \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23121&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON R\u0415SPUBLIKASIDA TIL TARAQQIYOTINING YANGI DAVRI VA IJTIMOIY TARIXIY ASP\u0415KTLARI - 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