{"id":23065,"date":"2022-07-22T08:41:18","date_gmt":"2022-07-22T03:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=23065"},"modified":"2022-07-20T10:41:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T05:41:35","slug":"komil-murshid-ahmad-ziyouddin-kumushxonaviy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23065&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"KOMIL MURSHID \u2013 AHMAD ZIYOUDDIN KUMUSHXONAVIY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mustaqilligimiz sharofati bilan nafaqat yurtimizda yetishib chiqqan allomalarimizning, balki ular asos solgan ta\u02bclimotlarni davomchilarining ham hayot yo\u02bbllari va ma\u02bcnaviy meroslari o\u02bbrganib kelinmoqda. Ana shunday ta\u02bclimotlardan biri naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotining namoyandalari o\u02bbz yurtining ma\u02bcnaviy sultonidir. Chunki ular azaldan xalq tinchligi, farovonligi, ma\u02bcnaviy-madaniyati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida g\u02bbamxo\u02bbrlik qilgan, xalq orasida bag\u02bbrikenglik g\u02bboyasini ilgari surgan va millatlararo totuvlikni amalga oshirishda yordam bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotiga Buxoroi sharifda Bahouddin Naqshband nomi bilan mashhur Muhammad ibn Muhammad Buxoriy (1318-1389) asos solgan [1:21;2:3;3:206].<\/span><\/p>\n

Naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotini nafaqat Movarounnahrda, balki Xuroson, Iroq, Ozarbayjon, hattoki Rum va Misr, Xitoy va Hindistonda ham keng tarqalishiga sababchi bo\u02bblgan mashhur shayx, orif, murabbiy, ustoz va tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotining buyuk namoyandasi Xoja Ahror Valiydir [4:114-118].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xoja Ahror Valiy haqida Alisher Navoiy \u201cNasoyimul muhabbat\u201d asarida tavsiflab o\u02bbtgan [5:280]. Tasavvufshunos olim professor Aleksandr Knish Eron va Turkiyaga nakshbandiylikning kirib kelishida Xoja Ahror Valiyning rolini qayd etgan [6:254].<\/span><\/p>\n

Naqshbandiylik ta\u02bclimoti turklarning orasida tariqatning buyuk asoschisi Bahouddin Naqshband vafotidan bir asr o\u02bbtgach, aniqrog\u02bbi XV asrdan yoyila boshlagan. Bu naqshbandiylikning Movarounnahr hududidan chetga chiqishida juda muhim qadam bo\u02bblgan [4:114-118].<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiyada naqshbandiya so\u02bbfiylik tariqatining birinchi targ\u02bbibotchisi Xoja Ahrorning xalifasi Mulla Abdulloh Ilohiy Samoviy (vafoti 1490 y.) edi [7:108]. Istanbulning o\u02bbzidayoq 65ta naqshbandiya dargohlarining mavjudligi, bu tariqatning keng tarqalganiga dalil bo\u02bbla oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mavlono Xolid Ziyouddin Bag\u02bbdodiy (r.a.) Musul viloyatining Sehrizoda qishlog\u02bbida 1779 yilda tavallud topgan va 1826 yili Shomda vafot etgan. Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiy asoslagan Naqshbandiya xolidiya tariqati Usmoniylar davlatida keng tarqalib eng faol ma\u02bcnaviy, ruhiy ozuqa hisoblangan. Hatto usmoniy podshohlaridan Sulton Vahdiddinning ham xolidiya tariqatiga mansub bo\u02bblgani manbalarda keltirilgan [8:121].<\/span><\/p>\n

XIX asrda mashhur olim va mutasavvif Ahmad Ziyovuddin Kumushxonaviy (1893 y. vafot etgan.) naqshbandiyaning Onado\u02bblida yana ham keng tarqalishiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan [9:28]. Maqolamizda komil murshid Ahmad Ziyouddin Kumushxonaviyning naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotini rivojlantirishdagi o\u02bbrnini ko\u02bbrib chiqamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoroyi sharifda yashab o\u02bbtgan \u201cSilsilai sharif\u201dning \u201cOltin zanjir\u201dida hazrat Xoja Shoh Bahouddin Muhammad Naqshband Buxoriy-Uvaysiy 16-halqada bo\u02bblsa, Ahmad Ziyouddin Kumushxonaviy 32-halqada turadi. Bunday sonlar falsafasini o\u02bbziga xos mazmun-mohiyati bor. Chunki Ahmad Ziyouddin Kumushxonaviy naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotini juda ko\u02bbp mamlakatlarga tarqalishiga sababchi bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviy besh yoshida o\u02bbqishni boshlab, sakkiz yoshida Qur\u02bconi karimni yod olgan va \u201cHofizi Qur\u02bcon\u201d bo\u02bblgan. U \u201cDaloili xoyrot\u201d, \u201cQasidai Burda\u201d va \u201cHizbul A\u02bczam\u201d kabi kitoblarni qiroat kilishga ustozlaridan ruxsat olgan [10:9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Zohiriy ilmlar to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida bilimga ega bo\u02bblsa-da, mukammal bo\u02bblishi uchun botiniy ilmlarni ham egallashi lozimligini bilib, buning uchun komil ustoz kerakligini anglagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviyning hayotida bunday ustoz Mavlono Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiyning xalifalaridan biri Ahmad Sulaymon Arvodiy bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mavlono Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiy Kumushxonaviyning tasavvufda yuksak mavqe va katta ta\u02bcsirga ega bo\u02bblishini oldindan ko\u02bbra olgan va unga rahbarlik qilish uchun o\u02bbzining xalifasi Ahmad Sulaymon Arvodiyga \u201cEy do\u02bbst Istanbulga bor va falon kishini irshod qil. Chunki u bizdan keyin sohibi zamon va rahbari tariqat bo\u02bblgaydir. U gul hali ochilmagan g\u02bbunchadir. Ul shaharga boshqa har qancha xalifalar jo\u02bbnatilgan bo\u02bblsa-da, uning nasibi azaldan senga omonat topshirilgan. Borgil, hasrat olovida kuyib, piri murshid qidirayotgan o\u02bbsha mushku anbar hidli valoyat g\u02bbunchasining ochilmog\u02bbiga xizmat qil. Bu xususda saodati kirom Hazratlarimizning ruhoniyatlari senga madadkor bo\u02bblgay\u201d, deb buyurgan [11:302].<\/span><\/p>\n

Boshqa bir manbada quyidagicha yozilgan: \u201cShu orada Mavlono Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiy hazrat Ahmad Sulaymon Arvodiyga: \u201cEy do\u02bbst! Shimoliy Afrika, Buxoro, Misr, Makka, Madina, Hindiston va Uzoq Sharqni munavvar qiladigan insonni nuri ko\u02bbrinmoqda. U bilan sizning ismingiz ko\u02bbproq eshitiladi va u bilan siz ko\u02bbproq eshitilasiz, tanish bo\u02bblasiz. Chunki u bizdan keyin zamonning sohibi va tariqatning boshlovchisi bo\u02bbladi\u201d, degan [12:104]. Demak, Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiy Kumushxonaviyni ruhi quvvatini ko\u02bbrib uni tarbiyalashni xalifasi Ahmad Sulaymon Arvodiyga topshirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

1845 yilda ustozi Xolid Bag\u02bbdodiy tomonidan vazifa buyurilgan shayx Livan \u2013 Tripoli muftiysi Ahmad Sulaymon Arvodiy Istanbulga kelgan. Kumushxonaviy piri murshidining kelishidan ilohiy ilhom va tush orqali xabardor bo\u02bblgan. Ular shayx Abdulfattoh hazratning kulbasida ko\u02bbrishgan. Kumushxonaviyni hech qachon ko\u02bbrmagan bu ulug\u02bb inson Kumushxonaviyga dedi: \u201cEy Ahmad! Sizning qaysarligingizni tuzatish va sizga rahbar bo\u02bblish azaldan menga ishonib topshirilgan va faqat siz uchun Damashqdan Onado\u02bbliga sayohat qilishga keldim\u201d [13:37]. Kumushxonaviy bu sirli notanish odamdan nomini eshitgan zahoti yuragi qizib ketdi, juda hayratda qoldi. Uning huzurida qo\u02bbl qovushtirib turdi. Abdulfattoh Kumushxonaviyga yuzlanib, bu kishi sizning shayxingiz. Buni darhol hal qiling. Oramizda begona yo\u02bbq, biz bir shayxdan ilhomlangan bir daraxtning ikki atirgulimiz. Kumushxonaviy shayxga intisob qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviy shayxini Mahmud posho madrasasidagi hujrasiga olib borib u yerda qirq kunlik rahmat va mag\u02bbfirat davrini boshlagan. Shayx Kumushxonaviyga bir qancha tariqat, zikr va sayru suluk yo\u02bbllaridan ta\u02bclim bergan. Shayx va shogird Mavlono va uning orasidagi irshod faoliyatida ham favqulodda hodisalar bo\u02bblgan. Shams Tabriziy misolida bo\u02bblgani kabi tasavvufiy va favqulodda muhit sodir bo\u02bblgan. Shayx Arvodiy ham xuddi Shams Mavlononi tark etganidek Kumushxonaviyni birdan tark etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uch yildan keyin 1848 yilda ustoz Arvodiy ikkinchi marta Kumushxonaviy bilan yolg\u02bbizlikda uchrashgan. Uning ma\u02bcnaviy jihatdan kamolga yetganini ko\u02bbrib, Kumushxonaviyga naqshbandiya, qodiriya, suhravardiya, kubraviya, shoziliya, chishtiya, mavlaviya tariqatlariga ijozat bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviy Istanbuldagi xolidiylarning eng buyuk shayxi Abdulfattoh hazratning borligi uchun u kishini hurmatini joyiga qo\u02bbyib, \u201cEng katta xalifaga qattiq sodiqlik bilan mustaqil harakatlardan o\u02bbzini tiyish\u201d tufayli tariqat ishlariga o\u02bbzini to\u02bbliq bag\u02bbishlamagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

1875 yilgacha Kumushxonaviy mualliflik huquqi va asarlarini nashr qilish bilan shug\u02bbullangan. \u201cLevami\u02bcul-\u02bcukul\u201d nomli asarida o\u02bbzini naqshbandiy va shoziliy tariqatida deb tanishtirgan. Abdulfattohning (1864) \u00a0vafotidan so\u02bbng Kumushxonaviy naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotining xolidiya tarmog\u02bbining bir novdasi bo\u02bblgan kumushxonaviya tariqatini rivojlantirgan. Abdulfattohning\u00a0 Xolidiyaga a\u02bczo bo\u02bblgan shogirdlari kumushxonaviya tarmog\u02bbiga qo\u02bbshilgani natijasida bu tarmoq juda kengaygan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviy 1859 yilda o\u02bbz tariqatining a\u02bczolari bilan zikr va suhbatlar uchun maxsus joy tanlagan edi. Kumushxonaviya tariqati a\u02bczolari ko\u02bbpayganidan keyin u joy kichiklik qilgan. Kumushxonaviy 1875 yili Fotma Sulton masjidida qo\u02bbshimcha hujralar va binolarning orasidan o\u02bbn olti xonali uy va darvozaxona qurdirgan. Kengaytirilgan bu joy Kumushxonaviy darveshlar uyi nomini olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviyning suhbatlariga Sulton Abdulmajid, Sulton Abdulaziz va Sulton II Abduhamid qatnashib turgan. Manbalarda Kumushxonaviyning Sulton Abdulhamidxon bilan yaqin munosabatda bo\u02bblgani ko\u02bbrsatilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kumushxonaviy bir yuz o\u02bbn olti kishiga irshod bergan va uning milliondan ortiq muridlari bo\u02bblgan. U Kavkaz, Qozon, Shom, Bag\u02bbdod, Hijoz, Misr, Xitoydan tortib Komor oroligacha bo\u02bblgan dunyoning turli tomonlariga shogirdlarini yuborib, islom madaniyatini va Naqshbandiya Xolidiya tariqatining tarmog\u02bbi bo\u02bblgan kumushxonaviyani keng tarqalishiga hissa qo\u02bbshgan [14].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Ziyouddin Kumushxonaviyning shogirdlaridan to\u02bbrttasi \u201cSilsilai sharif\u201dning \u201cOltin zanjir\u201diga kirgan. Shogirdlaridan: Xasan Xilmi Kastamoniy (1893-1911) 33-halqada, Ismoil Najotiy Zag\u02bbfaronboliy (1911-1919) 34-halqada, Umar Ziyovuddin Dog\u02bbistoniy (1919-1920) 35-halqada va Mustafo Fayzi ibn Amrulloh Takfurtog\u02bbiy (1920-1925) 36-halqada turadi [14].<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi fikrlarni xulosa qilib aytganda qo\u02bbyidagilarni ta\u02bckidlash mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotini Buxoroi sharifda Bahouddin Naqshband nomi bilan mashhur Muhammad ibn Muhammad Buxoriy (1318-1389) asoslagan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Naqshbandiyaning jahon bo\u02bbylab tarqalishiga sababchi bo\u02bblgan Xoja Ahrori Valiyning ahroriya tarmog\u02bbi orqali Xolid Bog\u02bbdodiy Turkiyada xolidiya tarmog\u02bbiga asos solgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. 1864 yildan boshlab Xolid Bog\u02bbdodiyning naqshanbdiya-xolidiya tarmog\u02bbini Ahmad Ziyouddin Kumushxonaviy takomillashtirib, yangi kumushxonaviya (ziyoiya) tarmog\u02bbiga asos solgan.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u201cSilsilai sharif\u201dning \u201cOltin zanjirida\u201d Kumushxonaviy va shogirdlari 32-36-halqalarda turadi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Umumiy xulosa qilib aytganda, naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotini mukammal o\u02bbrganish uchun uning Kumushxonaviya tarmog\u02bbini va uning asoschisi Ahmad Ziyovuddin Kumushxonaviyning hayot yo\u02bbllari va ma\u02bcnaviy merosini har tomonlama tahlil etish Yangi O\u02bbzbekistonimizda Uchinchi Renessans poydevorini qurishga asos bo\u02bbla oladi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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      G.N.Navro\u02bbzova. Xoja Bahouddin Naqshband hayoti va ma\u02bcnaviy merosi \u2013T.: Fan,<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      G.N.Navro\u02bbzova.Naqshbandiya \u2013 kamolot yo\u02bbli. \u2013T.: Fan, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      G.N.Navro\u02bbzova. Naqshband nomi ila arjumand. NamDU ilmiy axborotnomasi. 4-son, 2022 y.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      X.Raxmatova. Naqshbandiylikning jahoniy ta\u02bclimotga aylanishida Xoja Ahror Valiyning o\u02bbrni. Sino. \u2116 31, 2008 y.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      Alisher Navoiy \u201cNasoyim ul-muhabbat\u201d, \u2013T., Fan 2001y. 17 tom.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      A.D.Kn\u044bsh. Musulmanskiy mistitsizm, \u2013Moskva-Sankt-Peterburg. Dilya, 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      Usmon Turar. Tasavvuf tarixi. \u2013T.: Istiqlol, 1999.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Tasavvuf haqida tasavvur. \u2013T.: Movarounnahr, 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      M.T.Gulamova. Mushku anbar hidli valoyat g\u02bbunchasi Ziyouddin Ahmad Kumushxonaviy \/\/ Imom Buxoriy saboqlari jurnali. \u2013 2020. \u2014 \u2116 2.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      M.T.Gulamova. \u201cSilsilai sharifdagi piri komil \u2013 Ziyouddin Ahmad Kumushxonaviy\u201d \u201cJahon madaniy sivilizatsiyasi kontekstida xojagon, naqshbandiya tasavvufiy ta\u02bclimotlari ilmiy ma\u02bcnaviy merosining umumbashariy ahamiyati\u201d mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy konferensiya materiallari. 2 \u2014 kitob, Navoiy: 2019 y.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      Ziyovuddin Axmad Kumushxonaviy,tarjimon Mirzo Kenjabek, Jome\u02bc ul-mutun. \u2013T.: Movarounnahr; 2000 y.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, R\u00fcya, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devletinde Y\u00f6netim-Nak\u015fibend\u00ee ili\u015fkilerine Farkl\u0131 Bak\u0131\u015f Halidi S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri\u201d, Tasavvuf Tasavvuf: \u0130lmi ve Akademik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131: 17, Sayfa: 103-119, \u2013Ankara, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      G\u00fcnd\u00fcz,\u00a0G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fh\u00e2nev\u00ee Ahmed Ziy\u00e2\u00fcdd\u00een<\/em>, s. 65; S\u00fcleyman Zeki Ba\u011flan, \u201cG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhaneli Zinciri\u201d,\u00a0Ke\u015fk\u00fcl Dergisi<\/em>, 2011, sy. 20.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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      http:\/\/mec.foundation\/ahmed-ziyauddin-gumushanevi<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Mavjuda GULAMOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      kimyo fanlari nomzodi, dotsent,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Buxoro davlat tibbiyot instituti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Mustaqilligimiz sharofati bilan nafaqat yurtimizda yetishib chiqqan allomalarimizning, balki ular asos solgan ta\u02bclimotlarni davomchilarining ham hayot yo\u02bbllari va ma\u02bcnaviy meroslari o\u02bbrganib kelinmoqda. Ana shunday ta\u02bclimotlardan biri naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotidir. Naqshbandiya ta\u02bclimotining namoyandalari o\u02bbz yurtining ma\u02bcnaviy sultonidir. Chunki ular azaldan xalq tinchligi, farovonligi, ma\u02bcnaviy-madaniyati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida g\u02bbamxo\u02bbrlik qilgan, xalq orasida bag\u02bbrikenglik g\u02bboyasini ilgari surgan va millatlararo totuvlikni amalga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKOMIL MURSHID \u2013 AHMAD ZIYOUDDIN KUMUSHXONAVIY - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"KOMIL MURSHID \u2013 AHMAD ZIYOUDDIN KUMUSHXONAVIY\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=23065&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"KOMIL MURSHID \u2013 AHMAD ZIYOUDDIN KUMUSHXONAVIY - 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