{"id":22729,"date":"2022-06-30T08:34:38","date_gmt":"2022-06-30T03:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22729"},"modified":"2022-06-30T08:34:38","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T03:34:38","slug":"o%ca%bbrta-asrlardagi-islom-madaniyatida-int%d0%b5ll%d0%b5ktual-taraqqiyotning-vujudga-k%d0%b5lishida-vorisiylik-an%ca%bcanalari-tadqiqotlar-tahlili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22729&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbRTA ASRLARDAGI ISLOM MADANIYATIDA INT\u0415LL\u0415KTUAL TARAQQIYOTNING VUJUDGA K\u0415LISHIDA VORISIYLIK AN\u02bcANALARI: TADQIQOTLAR TAHLILI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbekiston yangi taraqqiyot bosqichiga qadam qo\u02bbyib, barcha sohalarda o\u02bbzgarishlar ro\u02bby berayotgan bugungi kunda ilm-fanga yangicha yondashuvlarni olib kirish dolzarb vazifaga aylandi. Shu bois har bir fanda fundamental tadqiqotlar olib borish, yangicha xulosalarni shakllantirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom dini va falsafasiga doir tadqiqotlarni chuqurlashtirish, arab-musulmon sivilizatsiyasiga bugungi kun nuqtai nazaridan yondashish kerak. Shuning uchun ham falsafa tarixiga doir tadqiqotlarni kengaytirish, unda islom madaniyati va falsafasida ilmiy-intellektual faoliyat rivojlanishiga oid izlanishlarning mantiqiy izchilligini ta\u02bcminlash zarur. Bu orqali bugungi kunda islomning asl insonparvarlik mohiyatini, ilmni qadrlovchi jihatlarini ochib berish mumkin bo\u02bbladi. Zero, Prezidentimiz aytganidek: \u201cBugungi kunda butun insoniyat hayotiga tahdid solayotgan xavf-xatarlarga qarshi, jaholatga qarshi \u2013 ma\u02bcrifat asosida kurashish, dinimiz pokligini saqlash bo\u02bbyicha mamlakatimiz tomonidan nufuzli xalqaro minbarlardan qator amaliy tashabbuslar ilgari surilmoqda. Xususan, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasi sessiyasida \u201cMa\u02bcrifat va diniy bag\u02bbrikenglik\u201d degan nom bilan maxsus rezolyutsiya qabul qilish haqida bildirilgan taklifimiz jahon miqyosida keng qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlanmoqda\u201d [1:482]. Bunday islohotlarni jadallashtirish, ilmiy tadqiqotlarni ko\u02bbpaytirish, ilm-fanni rivojlantirish, umuman olganda, jamiyatning ma\u02bcrifatlilik darajasini oshirish orqali jaholatga qarshi samarali kurashish mumkin bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u02bbarb va Sharq olimlari, sharqshunoslari islom falsafasining Yevropa falsafasi va xristian ilohiyoti, hind va fors madaniy merosi bilan bevosita yoki bilvosita aloqasi borligini e\u02bctirof etadi. O\u02bbrta asrlarga tegishli ilmiy manbalarda ham bu argument to\u02bbla isbotlangan. Islom falsafasi suriyaliklar, arablar, eronliklar, turkiy xalqlar, barbarlar va boshqa millat vakillarining dunyoqarashi va asarlari asosidagi murakkab fikriy jarayonning hosilasidir. London imperial kolleji professori Rim Turkmaniyning fikricha: \u201cIslom tamadduni faqat qadimgi yunon falsafasinigina saqlab qolgani yo\u02bbq. Musulmonlar insoniyatning asrlar davomida to\u02bbplagan intellektual-ilmiy merosini to\u02bbliq egallab, nafaqat astronomiya va matematika, balki boshqa barcha bilimlarni ham o\u02bbzlashtirdi va bashariyatni mutlaqo yangi ilmiy darajaga olib chiqdi. Arablar g\u02bboyatda qiziquvchan, izlanuvchan odamlar edi. Tarjimonlik harakatining dastlabki yillaridan boshlab islom olimlari yangi, inqilobiy g\u02bboyalarni ilgari surdi\u201d [2:61]. Natijada keyinchalik Yevropa madaniyatiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan, ilm-fani uchun nazariy asos bo\u02bblgan meros yaratildi. Ulardan g\u02bbarbliklar asrlar davomida foydalandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharqshunos olimlarning tahliliga ko\u02bbra, ummaviylarga qaraganda abbosiylar davrida ilm-fan yaxshi rivojlangan va buning uchun yetarlicha tinch va rag\u02bbbatlantiruvchi ijtimoiy muhit shakllangan. Tarixchi olim B.Abduhamidovning fikricha, ummaviylar hukmronligi yillarida diniy ilmlar va arab tiliga e\u02bctibor berilgan bo\u02bblsa, abbosiylar davrida tabiiy-ijtimoiy va boshqa fanlarga e\u02bctibor kuchaydi [3:10]. Abbosiylar sulolasining intellektual madaniyat yaratish istagi nafaqat islom saltanatidagi, balki dunyoning ko\u02bbplab olimlarini ham o\u02bbziga jalb qildi. Biroq bu ummaviylar davrida ilm-fan rivojlanmadi, degani emas. Ummaviylar xonadonidan chiqqan xalifalar deyarli bir asr davomida hokimiyatni mustahkamlash bilan band bo\u02bbldi. Bu jarayon ular davrida ilm-ma\u02bcrifat abbosiylar davridagidan ko\u02bbra biroz sustroq rivojlanishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda Yaqub Rahoviyning ilohiyot va falsafaga doir asarlari ommalashishi erkin fikr mavjud bo\u02bblganidan dalolat beradi. London imperial kolleji professori Rim Turkmaniyning fikricha: \u201cBu yerda musulmonlar, nasroniylar, yahudiylar, sobiylar va boshqa olimlar yonma-yon ishlagan. Turli maktab vakillari hamkorlik qilgan bu erkin ijodiy muhit ularga yangi-yangi kashfiyotlar uchun barcha sharoitlarni muhayyo etgan\u201d [4:61]. Natijada islom madaniyati yanada rivojlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alambe Jourdanning 1819 yilda nashr etilgan \u201cArastu asri yunon hujjatlarining arab tiliga qilingan tarjimalari tanqidi\u201d kitobi yunon madaniyati va ilmiy merosining arab mintaqasiga kirib kelishi va ko\u02bbrsatgan ta\u02bcsirini yorituvchi dastlabki manbalardan biridir [2:18-19]. Bu manbada islom falsafasiga xristian sivilizatsiyasi, yunon falsafiy ta\u02bclimotlari va lotin tilidagi ilmiy yutuqlarning ta\u02bcsiri ochib berilgan. 1852 yili Ernest Renanning \u201cIbn Rushd va uning falsafasi\u201d [7:65] nomli kitobi nashr etilgan va unda bu mutafakkirning qarashlari shakllanishiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan omillar va yunon falsafasining ta\u02bcsiri yoritib berilgan. Solomon Munkning \u201cYahudiy va arab falsafasi majmui\u201d [8:88] nomli asarida yahudiylar va arablarning ilmiy-intellektual faoliyatidagi o\u02bbziga xosliklar, o\u02bbxshash jihatlar va vorisiylik asoslari tahlil qilingan. Islom falsafasining shakllanishiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan G\u02bbarb madaniyati an\u02bcanalari va diniy ta\u02bclimotlarining asoslari o\u02bbrganilgan va bu asar hozirgacha o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbtgan asrning boshida De Boyer \u201cIslomda falsafa tarixi\u201d [9:122] asarini nashr ettirgan va unda islom falsafasi va ijtimoiy fikr rivojining o\u02bbziga xos xususiyatlari, erishgan yutuqlari, faylasuf olim va mutafakkirlarning islom nuqtai nazaridan pozitsiyalari tahlilini keltirgan. Shuningdek, bu davrda De Lasi Oleariyning \u201cIslomiy tafakkur va uning tarixdagi o\u02bbrni\u201d [10:124] asari ham nashr etilgan va unda islom diniy-falsafiy tafakkurining shakllanishi, rivojlanishi va o\u02bbziga xos go\u02bbzal shaklga ega bo\u02bblishiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan ijtimoiy muhit va madaniyatlarning aloqasi va vorisiyligi tadqiq etilgan. Shu bilan birga, Kruz Hernandezning \u201cAndaluziya musulmon falsafasi\u201d [11:174], Montgomeri Uottning \u201cIslom falsafasi va ilohiyoti\u201d [12], Henri Korbonning \u201cIslom falsafasi tarixi\u201d [13:82], Mojed Faxriyning \u201cIslom olamida falsafa dovoni\u201d [14:88] kitoblari nashr etilgan. Bu asarlarda ham islom falsafasining shakllanishi va rivojlanishiga ilmiy-intellektual faoliyatning, ilmiy yutuqlarning yuzaga kelishiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan omillar, tashqi ta\u02bcsirlar, G\u02bbarb falsafasining kirib kelish jarayonlari tahlil qilingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abbosiylar davrida islom ilm-fani va madaniyati rivojiga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan eng asosiy omillardan biri erkin ijtimoiy muhit va rag\u02bbbatlantiruvchi sharoit yaratilishi bo\u02bblgan. Bu davrda ilm va ilm ahliga nisbatan izzat-hurmat shunchalik yuqori darajada ediki, bunday holatni na biror davr, na biror mamlakatda, hatto ko\u02bbklarga ko\u02bbtarib maqtalgan Yevropada ham uchratmaymiz [16:198].<\/span><\/p>\n

Islom falsafasining shakllanishiga nafaqat yunon madaniy va ilmiy merosi, balki Eron va Hindistondagi falsafiy fikrning rivoji, ilmiy va diniy ta\u02bclimotlarning ta\u02bcsiri ham kuchli bo\u02bblgan. Natijada u sayqallanib borgan va o\u02bbzida tarli madaniyatlarning ijobiy jihatlarini mujassamlashtirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Faylasuf olim M.Qodirovning fikricha: \u201cEng qadimgi arab tilidagi manba bo\u02bblgan Ibn Nadimning \u201cAl-fehrist\u201d (\u201cRo\u02bbyxat\u201d) kitobidagi ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, birinchi marta kimyo, astronomiya va tabobatga doir asarlarni arab tiliga tarjima qilish tashabbusi Ummaviy amir Xolid ibn Yazidga taalluqli ekan. Ilgari zardushtiylik dinida bo\u02bblib, keyin islomga kirgan Abdullo ibn Muqaffaning hind olimi Bidpoy Hakimning \u201cKalila va Dimna\u201d asarini paxlaviy tilidan arabchaga tarjima qilgani katta ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bbldi. Uning qadimgi fors tilidan arab tiliga qilgan tarjimalaridan \u201cXudoynoma\u201d (\u201cQadimgi fors davlatchiligi tarixi\u201d), \u201cOyinnoma\u201d (\u201cYo\u02bbl-yo\u02bbriqlar, urf-odatlar\u201d), \u201cMazda kitobi\u201d, \u201cAnushervonning hayot yo\u02bbli\u201d va boshqa adabiy-axloqiy risolalari islom mintaqasi madaniyatining shakllanishida muhim ahamiyat kasb etgan\u201d [17:13]. Shunday ekan, islom falsafasi o\u02bbz davrida turli madaniyatlar kesishuvi, uchrashuvi, hamkorligi va o\u02bbzaro sintezlashuvining hosilasi sifatida yuzaga keldi va o\u02bbzida boshqa madaniyatlarning eng go\u02bbzal an\u02bcanalarini takomillashtirganini namoyon qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mashhur tarjimon Ibn Muqaffa Abbosiy xalifa Mansur uchun Arastuning \u201cKategoriyalar\u201d (\u201cMa\u02bcqulot\u201d), \u201cBirinchi analitika\u201d (\u201cTahlile avval\u201d), Porfiriyning \u201cIsog\u02bbuchi\u201d (\u201cMantiqqa kirish\u201d) asarlarini arab tiliga tarjima qilgan. Shuningdek, bu xalifaning hukmronligi davrida Arastuning bir nechta risolasi, Ptolemeyning \u201cAlmagest\u201d, Yevklidning \u201cGeometriya usuli\u201d va boshqa bir qancha asarlar arab tiliga tarjima qilingan. Zero, G.E.fon Gryunebaumning fikricha: \u201cAgar grek, suryoniy va eroniy madaniyat orqali o\u02bbtgan ellinistik merosning ta\u02bcsiri bo\u02bblmaganda, klassik musulmon madaniyati yuksak darajaga erisha olmagan bo\u02bblur edi\u201d [14:45]. Shuningdek, London qirollik kolleji professori Peter Adamsonning ta\u02bckidlashicha: \u201cYevklidning \u201cIbtidolari\u201d matematika tarixida eng ulkan inqilob yasagan asarlardan biridir. Yevklid uni qadimiy Yunonistonda, Arastu va Aflotun davrida yozgan. Uning sahifalarida chizmalar juda ko\u02bbp, chunki bu geometriyaga oid kitobdir. \u201cIbtidolar\u201d qadimiy yunon olimlari uchun ham, zamonaviy olimlar uchun ham ilmiy ijod namunasi bo\u02bblib, undagi bilimlar birlamchi asoslarga suyangan holda hosil qilingan. Biroq eng qizig\u02bbi shundaki, Yevklid qalamiga mansub bu kitob IX asrda Bag\u02bbdodda Yevropa xalqlari tiliga yunonchadan emas, arab tilidan tarjima qilingan. Tarjima keng ko\u02bblamli ilmiy loyiha doirasida amalga oshirilgan. Abbosiy xalifalarning amriga muvofiq, qadimgi yunon olim va faylasuflarining asarlari arab tiliga tarjima qilingan\u201d [13:26]. Olimning xulosalaridan ko\u02bbrinadiki, bu davrda tarjimonlikka sharafli faoliyat sifatida qaralgan va unga hukmdorlar yetarlicha moliyaviy mablag\u02bb yo\u02bbnaltirgan. Bu esa ilmiy-intellektual faoliyatning rivojlanishiga asos bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlar islom falsafasi va madaniyatining yutuqlaridan keyinchalik yevropaliklar ham bahramand bo\u02bbldi. Irlandiyalik arabshunos olim M.Uott \u201cIslomning O\u02bbrta asr Yevropasiga ta\u02bcsiri\u201d nomli asarida boshqa yevropalik olimlardan farqli o\u02bblaroq, quyidagi haqiqatni tan olgan: \u201cYevropaliklar ayniqsa falsafa va tibbiyot sohasida musulmon madaniyatidan qanchalik qarzdor ekanini to\u02bbliq his qilganicha yo\u02bbq. Ko\u02bbpincha musulmon madaniyatining ijobiy ta\u02bcsiri va ko\u02bblamini pasaytirish, hatto tamoman esga olmaslikka urinamiz. Bizning musulmonlar bilan yaxshi munosabatimiz ularning oldida qanchalik qarzdor ekanimizni tan olishga majbur qiladi. Buni yashirish yoki tan olmaslik soxta g\u02bbururdan boshqa narsa emas\u201d [13]. Yevropaliklar Sharq xalqlarini mensimay, o\u02bbzini qanchalik baland olmasin, ularga madaniyat, san\u02bcat, adabiyot, turmush tarzi, kiyinish va hokazolar arab-musulmon madaniyatidan o\u02bbtgani ayni haqiqat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilganda, ilk O\u02bbrta asrlarda islom madaniyati va falsafasining shakllanishida va rivojlanish cho\u02bbqqisiga chiqishida, G\u02bbarb madaniyati, yunon ilmiy merosi va xristian dunyoqarashining ta\u02bcsiri yuqori bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, O\u02bbrta asrlarning ikkinchi va uchinchi davrida Sharq madaniyati va ilm-fani yutuqlari G\u02bbarb olamiga kuchli ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi. Umuman olganda, arablar Eron, Xindiston va Xitoyning madaniy yutuqlarini sintezlangan va takomillashgan ko\u02bbrinishda yevropaliklarga taqdim etgan.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    Ilyosjon SIDDIQOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Farg\u02bbona Davlat universiteti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa kafedrasi katta o\u02bbqituvchisi,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa doktori (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbzbekiston yangi taraqqiyot bosqichiga qadam qo\u02bbyib, barcha sohalarda o\u02bbzgarishlar ro\u02bby berayotgan bugungi kunda ilm-fanga yangicha yondashuvlarni olib kirish dolzarb vazifaga aylandi. Shu bois har bir fanda fundamental tadqiqotlar olib borish, yangicha xulosalarni shakllantirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Islom dini va falsafasiga doir tadqiqotlarni chuqurlashtirish, arab-musulmon sivilizatsiyasiga bugungi kun nuqtai nazaridan yondashish kerak. Shuning uchun ham …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbRTA ASRLARDAGI ISLOM MADANIYATIDA INT\u0415LL\u0415KTUAL TARAQQIYOTNING VUJUDGA K\u0415LISHIDA VORISIYLIK AN\u02bcANALARI: TADQIQOTLAR TAHLILI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA ASRLARDAGI ISLOM MADANIYATIDA INT\u0415LL\u0415KTUAL TARAQQIYOTNING VUJUDGA K\u0415LISHIDA VORISIYLIK AN\u02bcANALARI: TADQIQOTLAR TAHLILI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22729&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA ASRLARDAGI ISLOM MADANIYATIDA INT\u0415LL\u0415KTUAL TARAQQIYOTNING VUJUDGA K\u0415LISHIDA VORISIYLIK AN\u02bcANALARI: TADQIQOTLAR TAHLILI - 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