{"id":22626,"date":"2022-06-23T08:12:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T03:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22626"},"modified":"2022-06-22T12:13:48","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T07:13:48","slug":"o%ca%bbrta-osiyo-mutafakkirlarining-ilmiy-asarlarida-fanlararo-yondashuv-g%ca%bboyalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22626&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bugungi kunda zamonaviy fan tizimida fanlararo yondashuv rivojlanib borayotgan asosiy yo\u02bbnalish hisoblanadi. Bunda O\u02bbrta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyoda ijod qilgan mutafakkirlarning beqiyos xizmatlari bor. Forobiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Muhammad Xorazmiy kabi buyuk faylasuf va allomalarning asarlari jahon sivilizatsiyasining oltin xazinasidan munosib o\u02bbrin olgan. Ular jahon fani va madaniyati tarixida o\u02bbchmas iz qoldirgan. Ammo mutafakkirlarimizning fanlararo yondashuvni rivojlantirishga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi yetarlicha tadqiq etilmagan. Biz O\u02bbrta asr mutafakkirlarining ilmiy merosidagi fanlararo yondashuvni zamonaviy fan metodologiyasi asosida tadqiq etamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Markaziy Osiyo mutafakkirlarining jahon ilm-faniga qo\u02bbshgan beqiyos hissasi I.Mo\u02bbminov, A.Kubesov, M.Dinorshoyev, M.Xayrullayev, Z.Kuli-Zoda, V.Bartold va boshqa ko\u02bbplab olimlarning ilmiy tadqiqotlarida o\u02bbz ifodasini topgan. Bu olimlar mutafakkirlarning ilmiy xazinasi va durdona merosini tarixiylik, diaxron metodlar asosida tadqiq etgan. Xususan, O\u02bbrta asrlardagi san\u02bcatda falsafa va matematika integratsiyasiga oid ma\u02bclumotlarni L.I.Rempelning asarlarida ko\u02bbrish mumkin [2:11]. Bunda mutafakkirlarimizning ilmiy merosidagi bilimlar integratsiyasining fanlararo yondashuv namunalari matematika, musiqa, arxitektura, she\u02bcriyat, meditsina misolida ochib berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qadimgi yunon olimlari ijodida ham matematika, musiqa, falsafa va boshqa fanlar integratsiyasini uchratish mumkin. Bizning zaminda yashab ijod qilgan mutafakkirlar ijodida fanlararo yondashuv nafaqat salmoqli bo\u02bblgan, balki yuqori darajada rivojlangan. Ammo ularning ilmiy merosi fanlararo yondashuv g\u02bboyasi nuqtai nazaridan o\u02bbrganilmagan. Shuning uchun quyida allomalarimiz ijodidagi fanlararo yondashuv evolyutsiyasiga oid namunalarni ko\u02bbrib chiqamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomalar ijodida bilimlararo integratsiya matematika, musiqa, arxitektura, san\u02bcat sohasida o\u02bbz aksini topgan. Buni dastlab matematikaning boshqa fanlar bilan integratsiya qilinishi misolida ko\u02bbrib chiqishimiz mumkin. Forobiy O\u02bbrta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyoda matematikani boshqa fanlar bilan integratsiya qilish g\u02bboyasini anglagan buyuk mutafakkir hisoblanadi. Aristoteldan farqli ravishda, Forobiy matematika metodlarining qo\u02bbllanish imkoniyatlari cheksiz ekanini e\u02bctirof etadi. Buyuk olimning bu g\u02bboyasi nafaqat matematika rivojida, balki fan tizimi taraqqiyotida ham buyuk hodisa edi. Shuningdek, Forobiy bu g\u02bboyani yanada kengroq qo\u02bbllash usullarini amalda isbot qiladi. Masalan, olim fanda birinchi bor musiqaviy (tebranuvchi) hodisalarni matematik usullar bilan tadqiq qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forobiy boshlab bergan bu tashabbusni keyinchalik boshqa olimlar o\u02bbz tadqiqotlarida davom ettirib, yanada rivojlantirdi. Movarounnahrlik mutafakkirlar ijodida musiqa va matematika, pedagogika va musiqaning uyg\u02bbunlashuvi yuksak darajaga ko\u02bbtarilgan. Forobiy bunga \u201cMusiqa haqida katta traktat\u201d, Xorazmiy esa \u201cIlm kaliti\u201d nomli ensiklopediyasining bir bo\u02bblimini bag\u02bbishlagan. Ibn Sinoning \u201cTib qonunlari\u201d asarida musiqa haqida alohida bir bo\u02bblim mavjud. Shu bois \u201cO\u02bbrta Osiyo mutafakkirlari arifmetika, geometriya, astronomiya va musiqani bitta fan doirasiga kiritgan\u201d [5:182-183].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xo\u02bbsh, nega musiqaga bunchalik katta e\u02bctibor qaratilgan? Ma\u02bclumki, musiqa san\u02bcatning boshqa turlaridan alohida ajralib turadi. Uning \u201cinsonga sirli ta\u02bcsirini, inson qalbida yangi o\u02bbzgarishlar hosil qilishini olimlar tan olgan. Musiqa juda jo\u02bbshqin, ekzistensial vaziyatlarda inson hayotining bir bo\u02bblagi sifatida e\u02bctirof etilgan. Musiqa madaniyati \u2013 bu ijtimoiy madaniy fenomen bo\u02bblib, har bir madaniyatning o\u02bbziga xos madaniy-falsafiy va siyosiy-ideologik xususiyatlarini aks ettiradi\u201d [3:6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkirlarning musiqaga e\u02bctiborini quyidagilar bilan izohlash mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

* O\u02bbrta asrlar musulmon madaniyatida hamma fanlar falsafa atrofida birlashtirilgan. Falsafa barcha fanlarni o\u02bbz atrofida birlashtira olgan fan hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

* O\u02bbrta asrlar musulmon madaniyatida har qanday fan o\u02bbzi alohida emas, balki aynan ilmiy-falsafiy dunyoqarash kontekstida o\u02bbrganilgan. Shuning uchun har bir mashhur mutafakkirning ilmiy merosida filologiya, tabiiy, ilmiy, metafizik va musiqaviy nazariy bilimlar uyg\u02bbunlashtirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Kindiy O\u02bbrta asr mutafakkirlari orasida birinchi bo\u02bblib musiqani falsafiy nuqtai nazardan tadqiq etgan olim hisoblanadi. U o\u02bbz asarlarida musiqa nazariyasini alohida fan sifatida falsafiy nuqtai nazardan o\u02bbrgangan. Forobiy keyinchalik bu an\u02bcanani mohirona rivojlantirgan. Darhaqiqat, bu davrda \u201cmusiqa matematika bilan uyg\u02bbunlashdi va juda ko\u02bbp nazariy manbalarini arifmetika, geometriya, ba\u02bczi hollarda esa fizikadan oldi\u201d [3:23].<\/span><\/p>\n

Forobiy musiqani \u201cilm\u201d, \u201cfan, bilim, bilish\u201d sifatida ifodalagan [1:161]. Shunisi e\u02bctiborliki, u musiqani amaliy falsafiy fanlardan biri sifatida e\u02bctirof etadi [4:181]. Mutafakkir har bir olimga boshqa mualliflarning musiqa sohasida yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbygan xatolarini tushunish va ularni ochib berish, to\u02bbg\u02bbri va noto\u02bbg\u02bbri nuqtai nazarlarni ajrata bilish asosida haqiqatni aniqlash talabini qo\u02bbygan [4:182].<\/span><\/p>\n

L.I.Rempel ta\u02bckidlaganidek, yunon olimlari ijodida musiqaga katta e\u02bctibor uning boshqa fanlar bilan integratsiyalashuvini yuqori pog\u02bbonaga olib chiqdi [2]. Forobiy tovushning fizik asosini, tarqalishini, tarqalish intervallarini o\u02bblchash maqsadida arifmetik, geometrik hisoblashlarni qo\u02bbllagan. Shu sababli olim ijodida musiqa va matematika integratsiyasi samarali amalga oshirilgan. Keyinchalik Yevropa olimi Bekonning ilmiy merosida ham bu ikki fan integratsiyasiga oid g\u02bboya kuzatilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbrta asrlar mutafakkirlari ijodida bilim doimo ta\u02bclim va tarbiya bilan bog\u02bbliq bo\u02bblgan. Ular bilim insonda yaxshi fazilatlarni rivojlantirishi lozimligini ta\u02bckidlagan. Ana shunday bilimlardan biri bolalarni musiqani anglashga o\u02bbrgatish va musiqa vositasida ijobiy sifatlarni shakllantirish bo\u02bblgan. Ya\u02bcni, mutafakkirlarimiz insonni tarbiyalash masalasini hal qilishda musiqa amaliyotidan foydalanish zarur deb bilgan. Shuningdek, ular musiqa insonning qalbi va aqlini tarbiyalash xususiyatiga ega ekanini ta\u02bckidlagan. Bunday yondashuv Forobiy ijodida yaqqol ko\u02bbzga tashlanadi. U bolalarni axloqiy tarbiyalashda ularni musiqaga oshno etish zarur deb hisoblagan. Olimning fikriga ko\u02bbra, musiqa bolalarda ijobiy ruhiy hislarni chaqiradi, bolalar qalbi poklanishiga sabab bo\u02bbladi. Forobiy bunday ruhiy poklanishni \u201ckatarsis\u201d deb ataydi. Shuningdek, u musiqa bolalarga ruhiy davolovchi vosita sifatida ham samarali ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatishini aytib o\u02bbtgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Sino inson ruhiy holati ijro etilayotgan musiqa bilan bog\u02bbliqligini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Tovushlar garmoniyasi insonni kuchsizlikdan kuchlilik tomon olib chiqishi, yoki aksincha, uyg\u02bbunlashmagan tovushlar insonni tushkunlikka tushirib qo\u02bbyishi mumkin. Shuningdek, Ibn Sino \u201cinsonning salomatligi uchun eng foydali mashg\u02bbulot \u2013 kuylash\u201d [5:186], deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mutafakkirlar musiqa nafaqat insonning kayfiyati, balki uning xarakterini ham o\u02bbzgartirishi mumkinligini ta\u02bckidlagan. Ular bolalarni tarbiyalashda musiqani ziyraklik bilan tanlash zarur, deb hisoblagan. Ushshoq, Navo kabi musiqa namunalari insonlarda jasurlikni, Iroq, Navro\u02bbz musiqalari esa yorug\u02bb, chiroyli orzularni uyg\u02bbotsa, Buzruk qayg\u02bbu paydo qilishi ko\u02bbrsatiladi. Bu ko\u02bbrsatmalarga yurtimiz musiqachilari asrlar osha amal qilib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida qayd etilganidek, yurtimizda matematikaning boshqa sohalarda qo\u02bbllanishi natijasida dastlabki fanlararo yondashuv g\u02bboyasi rivojlandi. Bunday integrativ jarayonlarni Forobiyning musiqaga oid tadqiqotlarida ko\u02bbrish mumkin. U o\u02bbzining \u201cMusiqa haqida katta traktat\u201dida antik davr mualliflarining izlanishlarini puxta o\u02bbrganib, ularda musiqaga oid ba\u02bczi noaniqliklar borligini aniqlagan va shu sababli yangi traktat yozishga kirishganini bayon qilgan [5:182-183]. Natijada Forobiy matematik usullar asosida musiqa tovushlarining kelib chiqishini, ritm va tovushlarning musiqa sifatida birlashuviga oid qonuniyatlarni mukammal o\u02bbrganadi. Bu matematika va musiqa fanining integratsiyasi edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomalar matematik usullarni nafaqat musiqa, balki san\u02bcatshunoslikda ham samarali qo\u02bbllay boshlagan. Natijada fan va san\u02bcatda integratsiyalashuv jarayoni sodir bo\u02bblgan. \u201cBu jarayonda fan va san\u02bcatni bog\u02bblab turuvchi halqa matematika va geometriya hisoblanadi. Bu Xorazmiy, Ibn Sino va boshqalarning ijodida namoyon bo\u02bbldi\u201d [5:11].<\/span><\/p>\n

San\u02bcat va matematikaning uyg\u02bbunlashuvini biz O\u02bbrta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyoda vujudga kelgan ornamental san\u02bcat namunalarida ko\u02bbramiz. Bu san\u02bcat turi matematika, geometriya va san\u02bcatning uyg\u02bbunligi zamirida paydo bo\u02bbladi. Arxitektura ornamental san\u02bcatdagi matematik yondashuvlarning asosi bo\u02bblib, falsafiy g\u02bboyalarga xizmat qiladi. Masalan, Markaziy Osiyo me\u02bcmorlik san\u02bcati asosida yotgan uyg\u02bbunlik g\u02bboyasi ana shunday universal xarakterga ega g\u02bboyadir. U nafaqat koinot tizimi, balki konkret fanlar bilan bog\u02bbliq. Shu sababli me\u02bcmorlik san\u02bcatida uyg\u02bbunlik geometrik ornament vositasida ifodalangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqoridagi mulohazalardan ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, bilimlar integratsiyalashuvida O\u02bbrta asr mutafakkirlarining buyuk xizmati bor. Forobiy musiqaviy (tebranuvchi) hodisalarni she\u02bcriyat va matematik usullar bilan tadqiq etadi. Shunday qilib, matematik g\u02bboyalarning arxitektura, geometriya, estetik san\u02bcat bilan uyg\u02bbunlashuvi sodir bo\u02bbladi. Bu uyg\u02bbunlashuv betakror ornamental san\u02bcatning, girihlarning yaratilishiga olib keladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    S.D.Daukeyeva. Filosofiya muz\u044bki Abu Nasra Muxammada al-Farabi. \u2013 Almat\u044b: Fond Soros-Kazaxstan, 2002.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    L.I.Rempel. Xudojestvennaya kultura Sredney Azii IX-XII vekov. \u2013T.: Gafur Gulyam, 1983.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Ye.S.Fedorova. Filosofiya muz\u044bki v musulmanskoy srednevekovoy kulture. Diss. na soisk. kand. kulturologii. \u2013Sankt-Peterburg, 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    M.Xayrullayev. Farabi. \u2013T.: Uzbekistan, 1975.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Xudojestvennaya kultura Sredney Azii IX-XIII vekov: sbornik statey. pod red. L.I.Rempelya. \u2013T.: Lit. i iskusstva.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Gulchehra G\u02bbAFFAROVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Chirchiq Davlat pedagogika instituti,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Milliy g\u02bboya va ma\u02bcnaviyat asoslari va huquq ta\u02bclimi kafedrasi professori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    falsafa fanlari doktori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Gulbahor JALALOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    f.f.b. falsafa doktori (PhD)<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bugungi kunda zamonaviy fan tizimida fanlararo yondashuv rivojlanib borayotgan asosiy yo\u02bbnalish hisoblanadi. Bunda O\u02bbrta asrlarda Markaziy Osiyoda ijod qilgan mutafakkirlarning beqiyos xizmatlari bor. Forobiy, Abu Ali ibn Sino, Muhammad Xorazmiy kabi buyuk faylasuf va allomalarning asarlari jahon sivilizatsiyasining oltin xazinasidan munosib o\u02bbrin olgan. Ular jahon fani va madaniyati tarixida o\u02bbchmas iz qoldirgan. Ammo mutafakkirlarimizning fanlararo …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22626&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22626&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-23T03:12:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-22T07:13:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_104.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22626&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22626&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO MUTAFAKKIRLARINING ILMIY ASARLARIDA FANLARARO YONDASHUV G\u02bbOYALARI - 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