{"id":22567,"date":"2022-06-21T14:34:33","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T09:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22567"},"modified":"2022-06-21T15:20:56","modified_gmt":"2022-06-21T10:20:56","slug":"mahmud-ibn-ilyos-va-uning-sharhu-ilyos-asari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22567&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MAHMUD IBN ILYOS VA UNING \u201cSHARHU ILYOS\u201d ASARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

XII-XV asrlarda Movarounnahr mintaqasida fiqh ilmi misli ko\u02bbrilmagan tarzda rivojlandi. Ijtimoiy va shar\u02bciy kodekslarni o\u02bbzida mujassam etgan fiqhga doir ko\u02bbplab asarlar dunyoga keldiki, ular hozirga qadar o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan. Hatto aholisi boshqa dinga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi mamlakatlar ham o\u02bbz davlatchilik qonunlarini shakllantirishda ana shu fiqhiy asarlardan andazalar oldi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kichik yoki Ikkinchi Sadrush sharia laqabi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan Ubaydullo ibn Mas\u02bcud bu mashhur sulolaning faxri va hanafiylar fiqhining porloq yulduzi hisoblanadi. U bobosi Tojush sharia tarbiyasida kamol topib, Sharq hikmati (falsafasi), kalom ilmi va fiqhga oid fanlarni o\u02bbzlashtirdi, hanafiy mazhabining atoqli va sermahsul olimlaridan biri bo\u02bblib ijod qilib, fiqh ilmida buyuk faqih sifatida tanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

U ajdodlaridan qolgan ilmiy asarlarni jamlab, nafis yodgorliklarni to\u02bbplash bilan shug\u02bbullanib, bobosi yozgan \u201cViqoyatur-rivoya\u201dga arab tilida sharh yozib, uni \u201cSharhul Viqoya\u201d deb atadi. Bu kitob eng yaxshi va mukammal sharh hisoblanadi.\u00a0\u00a0 Ammo, alloma ilmi toliblarning bu asarni o\u02bbzlashtirishdagi qiyinchiliklarni bartaraf etish maqsadida uning muxtasar shaklini ham tuzib chiqadi. \u201cMuxtasarul Viqoya\u201d deb atalgan bu asar \u201cViqoya\u201dda keltirilgan kerakli masalalarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulhay Laknaviy Sadrush sharia ikkinchini \u201cBarcha tomonidan qabul qilingan imom, shariat qonunlarining soqchisi, asliy va far\u02bciy (juz\u02bciy) muammolar ustodi va qisqartiruvchisi, aqliy va naqliy (shar\u02bciy) fanlar olimi, faqih (huquqshunos), fiqh usullari (asoslari)ning bilimdoni, mantiqiy, muhaddis, mufassir, tilshunos, adib, mutakallim, buyuk qadru manzilat va yuksak maqom sohibi, ilmu adab bilan to\u02bblib toshgan, ulug\u02bblikni\u00a0 ota-bobolaridan meros qilib olgan zot edi,\u201d deb ta\u02bcriflaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hajman \u201cMuxtasarul Viqoya\u201d asari \u201cHidoya\u201dning o\u02bbn biridan bir (11:1) qismiga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi. Lekin shunga qaramay, uni diqqat bilan o\u02bbqigan malakali kishi islom huquqining asosiy masalalarini\u00a0 to\u02bbkis o\u02bbzlashtirib olishga erishadi. Shu sababli mashhur huquqshunos olimlar tomonidan arab, turk va fors tillarida unga bag\u02bbishlab ko\u02bbp sharhlar va hoshiyalar yozilgan. Bu asar uzoq muddat davomida islomiy dorulfununlar dasturlaridan o\u02bbrin olib kelgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u02bckidlaganimizdek, mazkur asar Islom olami qonunchiligida\u00a0 g\u02bboyat katta ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblganligi sababidan unga bir necha sharh va izohlar yozilgan. \u201cKashfuz zunun\u201d muallifi Hoji Xalifa \u201cMuxtasar\u201dni arab tilida sharhlaganlardan quyidagilarni zikr etadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ahmad ibn Muhammad Shamaniy. 2. Ibn Ayniy Hanafiy. 3. Abdulvohid ibn Muhammad. 4. Alouddin Ali ibn Muhammad. 5. Ibn Qutlub Hanafiy. 6. Shamsuddin Muhammad Ko\u02bbhistoniy. 7. Aliyunil Qoriy. 8. Abu Makorim ibn Abdulloh ibn Muhammad. 9. Nuriddin Abdurahmon ibn Ahmad Jomiy. 10. Mahmud ibn Ilyos Rumiy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ushbu sharhlar orasida eng mashhurlaridan biri Mahmud ibn Ilyos Rumiy tomonidan yozilgan \u201cSharhu niqoyati Muxtasarul Viqoya\u201d asari bo\u02bblib, kitob \u201cSharhu Ilyos\u201d nomi bilan shuhrat qozongan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Islom olamida keng foydalaniladigan mazkur asar muallifi Mahmud ibn Ilyos Hanafiy Rumiy Muhyiddin haqida manbalarda 1380-1447 yillarda yashab ijod qilganligi aytiladi. Alloma o\u02bbz zamonasining yetuk allomalaridan ta\u02bclim olgan bo\u02bblib, ilm talabida Misr, Madina va Damashq va Bag\u02bbdodga safar qilib, u yerdagi ulamolardan tahsil oladi. Fiqh va tafsir ilmi sohasida zamonasining yetuk allomalaridan biri sifatida namoyon bo\u02bbladi. Mahmud ibn Ilyos o\u02bbz ilmiy faoliyati davomida fiqh ilmiga juda katta e\u02bctibor bergan. U ibodatli, taqvodor inson bo\u02bblib, hofizul Qur\u02bcon \u2013 Qur\u02bconni yod bilgan, fiqh ilmida haq bilan botil orasini ajratib beruvchi, fiqh va usulul fiqh masalalarida ulkan ilmga ega, hanafiya mazhabining davomchisi sifatida tanilgan faqih bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u201cSharhu Ilyos\u201d asari musulmonlar orasida, ayniqsa ilmiy sohada o\u02bbziga xos ahamiyatga egadir. Mazkur asarning arab tilida yozilgan ikki juzdan iborat toshbosma nusxasi Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazining Qo\u02bblyozmalar xazinasida B-025, B-028 raqami bilan saqlanmoqda. Nusxaning muqovalari qog\u02bbozdan, takyasi teridan ishlangan. Asar yaxshi saqlangan bo\u02bblib, har bir sahifa raqamlangan, varaqlari esa Sharq qog\u02bbozidan. Kitob yuqorida aytib o\u02bbtganimizdek, umumiy hajmda ikki jild, to\u02bbrt mujalladdan iborat bo\u02bblib, hijriy 1325 (m.1907) yili Hindistonning Lohur shahrida peshovarlik savdogar Fazl Ahad ibn Hoji Muhammad buyurtmasiga binoan chop etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Asarning yozilish uslubi, ilmiyligi va uning ahamiyati haqida to\u02bbxtalar ekanmiz, har bir mujalladining avvali turli hoshiyalar bilan boyitilgan hamda birinchi va ikkinchi mujalladlarning oxirida boblar mundarijasi keltirilganligini guvohi bo\u02bblamiz. Asardagi har bir kitobning boshlanishida muallif tomonidan shar\u02bciy masalalar sharhi bilan bayon etilib, so\u02bbngra fasllarga tegishli\u00a0 bo\u02bblgan masalalar yoritiladi. Har bir masalaning sharhlariga kitobning hoshiyalarida qo\u02bbshimcha izohlar\u00a0 (snoska) raqamlangan holatida berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong>Birinchi jildning birinchi sahifasi turli naqshlar bilan bezatilgan va yuqori xattotlik mahorati asosida asarning nomi \u201cSharhu Ilyos. Rub\u02bcu avval (Birinchi chorak)\u201d iborasi hamda sahifaning yuqori qismida\u00a0\u201cVa inna Ilyosa laminal mursaliyn<\/strong>\u00a0(Va albatta, Ilyos payg\u02bbambarlardandir)\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0oyati yozilgan[1]<\/a>. Asar hamdu sanodan iborat \u201cMuqaddima\u201d va \u201cTahorat kitobi\u201ddan boshlanib, \u201cHaj kitobi\u201dning \u201cEhromli kishining hajdan to\u02bbsilib qolishi\u201d haqidagi fasl bilan tugallangan. Birinchi jildning avvalida mazkur kitob ikki savdogar Fazl Ahad va Abdurahim buyurtmasiga binoan yozilganligi ko\u02bbrsatilgan bo\u02bblsa,\u00a0 oxirida mazkur jildning chop etilishiga sababchi bo\u02bblgan shaxslarning biri Muhammad Abdurashid Vazirobodiyning tarixi fors tilida qasida usulida bayon etilgan. Sahifaning pastki qismida asar Lohurda chop etilgani to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi ma\u02bclumotlar fors tilida yozilgan. Birinchi jild 359 sahifadan iborat bo\u02bblib, kitoblar va fasllar mundarijasi bilan tugallangan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ikkinchi juzning birinchi sahifasi ham naqshli hoshiyalar bilan bezatilgan. Sahifaning yuqori qismida arab tilida \u201cNahmadu Alloh allaziy huval Xoliqur Roziqu linnasi (Insonlarning yaratuvchisi va rizqini beruvchisi bo\u02bblgan Allohga hamd aytamiz)\u201d iborasi hamda \u201cSharhu Ilyos Rub\u02bcu soniy (Ikkinchi chorak). Sana h.1329 (m.1911)\u201d jumlasi xattotlik uslubi bilan yozilgan. Bu asar Fazl Ahad va Abdurahim buyurtmasiga ko\u02bbra chop etilgani qayd etilgan. Sahifaning pastki qismida fors tilida asar Lohurda, Nival Kishvari bosmaxonasida chop etilgani yozilgan. Ikkinchi juz \u201cNikoh kitobi\u201ddan boshlanib, \u201cQasam\u201d kitobining \u201cSo\u02bbzlamaslikka qasam ichish\u201d fasli bilan tugallangan bo\u02bblib, 264 sahifadan iborat.\u00a0 Ikkinchi juz oxirida foydalanilgan asarlar hamda amirul mu\u02bcminiyn, din va millat ziyosi sulton Abdurahmonxonga bag\u02bbishlangan qasida va marsiya fors tilida yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Asarning ikkinchi jildi uchinchi juzning birinchi sahifasi ham naqshli hoshiyalar bilan bezatilganiga ko\u02bbzimiz tushadi.\u00a0 Sahifaning yuqori qismida\u00a0\u201cVa inna Ilyosa laminal mursaliyn\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0oyati yozilgan. 1325 yil (1908y)\u201d hijriy sanasi ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Asarning bu juzi \u201cSavdo kitobi\u201ddan boshlanib \u201cTopib olingan narsalar kitobi\u201dning \u201cYo\u02bbqolgan narsalar\u201d faslida tugaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Asarning to\u02bbrtinchi juzining birinchi sahifasida\u00a0\u201cMasha\u02bc Alloh lo quvvata illo billah<\/strong>\u00a0(Allohning xohlagani bo\u02bbladi. Kuch-qudrat faqat Alloh taoloning xohishi bilan paydo bo\u02bbladi)\u201d[2]<\/a>\u00a0oyati bitilgan. Undan quyiroqda asar Dehlidagi \u201cNizomiy\u201d bosmaxonasida chop etilgani fors tilida yozilgan. Asarning to\u02bbrtinchi juzi \u201cQazo \u2013 Hukmlar kitobi\u201ddan boshlanib, \u201cXunasa\u201d kitobining \u201cTurli masalalar fasli\u201d bilan yakunlangan va 256 sahifadan iboratdir. Asarning oxirgi varag\u02bbining birinchi sahifasida uchinchi va to\u02bbrtinchi juzlarning mundarijasi keltirilgan. Mazkur juzning oxirgi sahifasida kitobning xotimasi va 1325 hijriy (m.1907) sanada yozib tugatilganligi\u00a0 fors tilida\u00a0 she\u02bcriy uslubda\u00a0 keltirilgan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Birinchi juzning asosiy qismi 6 kitobdan tashkil topgan bo\u02bblib, islom dinining ruknlaridan bo\u02bblmish toat va ibodatga bag\u02bbishlangan. Unda\u00a0 tahorat, namoz, ro\u02bbza, zakotni, haj, shuningdek, shariat hukmlariga doir ko\u02bbp muhim masalalar sharhlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ikkinchi juz esa huquqiy\u00a0 jihatdan katta ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblib, u\u00a0 nikoh va oila huquqiga doir ajrim masalalari, ota-onaning farzand oldidagi burchlari, ijtimoiy huquqiy masalalar batafsil yoritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Uchinchi juz ijtimoiy moliyaviy munosabatlarga oid bo\u02bblib, 26 kitobdan tashkil topgan. Ularda savdo, taqsimot, mulkni ijaraga berish, omonatga topshirish, garovga qo\u02bbyish, mulkiy sheriklik qilish va bulardan boshqa turli shar\u02bciy ijtimoiy masalalar yoritilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Asarning to\u02bbrtinchi juzi 14 kitobdan iborat. Ularda\u00a0 inson va jamiyat amaliy hayoti bilan bog\u02bbliq bo\u02bblgan qator masalalar, xususan, sotish, sotib olish, ijara, g\u02bbasb (birovning\u00a0 mulkini tortib olish), vakolat, muzoraa (yerni sheriklikka ekishga berish), qurbonlik, ov, sud va sud jarayoni, jinoyat kodeksi, da\u02bcvo, shirkat, tijorat, vaqf, ichimliklar, shuningdek, sulh, vasiyatlar, jinoyat va muomalot huquqining ko\u02bbplab qirralari va boshqa ko\u02bbp\u00a0 muhim shar\u02bciy masalalar sharhlari bilan yoritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jahon ijtimoiy huquqiy madaniyati xazinasiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan faqihlarning islom diniga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi xalqlarning davlatchilik asosi, shariatimiz qomusi bo\u02bblgan fiqhiy asarlari o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmay bugungi kunimizgacha yetib keldi. Ular orasida \u201cMuxtasarul viqoya\u201dning sharhi bo\u02bblgan \u201cSharhu Ilyos\u201d asari ham hozirgi zamon huquqshunoslariga va o\u02bbtmishimizga qiziquvchi barcha ilmi toliblar uchun fiqh ilmi sohasidagi bilimlarini boyitishda muhim manba bo\u02bblib xizmat qiladi. O\u02bbquvchi asarni mutolaa qilish asnosida turli shar\u02bciy hukmlarni keng va atroflicha sharhlashga o\u02bbzida ko\u02bbnikma hosil qilib boraveradi, fikrini charxlab, bilimlarini mustahkamlaydi va dunyoqarashini kengaytirib boraveradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a>\u00a0Soffat surasi, 123-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [2]<\/a>\u00a0Kahf surasi, 39-oyat.<\/span><\/div>\n
    Nodir QOBILOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    XII-XV asrlarda Movarounnahr mintaqasida fiqh ilmi misli ko\u02bbrilmagan tarzda rivojlandi. Ijtimoiy va shar\u02bciy kodekslarni o\u02bbzida mujassam etgan fiqhga doir ko\u02bbplab asarlar dunyoga keldiki, ular hozirga qadar o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan. Hatto aholisi boshqa dinga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchi mamlakatlar ham o\u02bbz davlatchilik qonunlarini shakllantirishda ana shu fiqhiy asarlardan andazalar oldi.\u00a0 Kichik yoki Ikkinchi Sadrush sharia laqabi bilan mashhur …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAHMUD IBN ILYOS VA UNING \u201cSHARHU ILYOS\u201d ASARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MAHMUD IBN ILYOS VA UNING \u201cSHARHU ILYOS\u201d ASARI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22567&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAHMUD IBN ILYOS VA UNING \u201cSHARHU ILYOS\u201d ASARI - 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