{"id":22202,"date":"2022-06-01T10:29:57","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T05:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22202"},"modified":"2022-06-01T10:29:57","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T05:29:57","slug":"allomalar-m%d0%b5rosining-ilmiy-ma%ca%bcrifiy-ahamiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22202&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzbekiston zamini buyuk allomalarni yetishtirgan va dunyo tamadduniga bebaho ma\u02bcnaviy xazina tuhfa etgan zamindir. Bu zamindan islom ilmi va madaniyati rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan buyuk muhaddisu faqihlar, mutasavviflar, ijodkorlar yetishib chiqqan. Chunonchi, mintaqamizda yuksak tamaddun IX-XI asrlarda yuqori bosqichga yetgan bo\u02bblsa-da, ma\u02bcrifiy takomil ildizlari uzoq tarixga borib taqaladi. Ajdodlarimizning ma\u02bcrifiy intilishlarini qadimgi \u201cAvesto\u201d, O\u02bbrxun-Enasoy bitiktoshlari, Behustin qoyatosh yozuvlari [1:25] va xalq og\u02bbzaki ijodi namunalari hisoblangan qo\u02bbshiqlar, marsiyalar, qahramonlik va marosim qo\u02bbshiqlaridan bilib olish mumkin. Bu dastlabki manbalar xalqning ma\u02bcnaviy olami, turmush tarzi, siyosiy vaziyat, ijtimoiy hayot haqida muayyan tasavvur beradi. Ulardagi g\u02bboyaviy umumiylik esa ajdodlarimizning ezgulikka, yaxshilikka, mardlikka intilganini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Keyingi davrlarda tilshunoslik sohasi rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan Mahmud Qoshg\u02bbariy, Yusuf Xos Hojib, Burhonuddin Rabg\u02bbuziyning ilmiy-adabiy merosini turkiy xalqlar madaniyatining yuksak namunasi sifatida baholash, g\u02bboyaviy qarashlarni xalqona uslubda sodda va ravon tarzda yetkazgan bebaho badiiy ijod, deyish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mintaqamizga islom dini kirib kelishi ma\u02bcrifiy takomil yuqori bosqichga chiqishiga, yuksak tamaddun shakllanishiga asos bo\u02bbldi. Islom dinining ezgulikka, bunyodkorlikka yo\u02bbg\u02bbrilgan g\u02bboyalari ilm ahlini g\u02bboyaviy oziqlantirdi, mazmunan ilhomlantirdi. Mintaqamiz allomalari islom ilmlari bo\u02bbyicha sermahsul ilmiy ijod qildi. Xususan, Imom Buxoriy, Imom Termiziy, Imom Moturidiy, Mahmud Zamaxshariy, Burhonuddin Marg\u02bbinoniy, Qaffol Shoshiy, Abu Muin Nasafiy, Abul Barakot Nasafiy, Alouddin Buxoriy va boshqa qanchadan-qancha buxoriylar, nasafiylar, samarqandiylarni, shuningdek, tasavvuf ilmida, Abduxoliq G\u02bbijduvoniy, Bahouddin Naqshband, Mustamliy Buxoriy, Kalobodiy Buxoriy, Najmiddin Kubro, Hakim Termiziy, Azizuddin Nasafiy, Ahmad Yassaviy va boshqa ko\u02bbplab mutasavviflarni tilga olish mumkin. Allomalarning ma\u02bcrifiy merosida birgina hadis yoki fiqh ilmi bo\u02bbyicha ma\u02bclumotlarni emas, balki islom ilmlari bo\u02bbyicha keng doiradagi yondashuv, chuqur ilmiy-adabiy qarashlarni ko\u02bbramiz. Jumladan, buyuk muhaddis Imom Buxoriy hadis ilmining bilimdoni bo\u02bblibgina qolmay, balki tafsir ilmining rivojiga ham munosib hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Muhaddis olim \u201cJomius sahih\u201d asarida tafsirga oid hadislarni jamlagan va alohida tafsirga bag\u02bbishlagan \u201cQur\u02bcon tafsiri kitobi\u201dda \u201cFotiha\u201d surasini tafsir qilib, unda Abu Said ibn Muallodan rivoyat qilingan Qur\u02bconning eng ulug\u02bb surasi \u201cFotiha\u201d ekani to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi hadisni keltirib o\u02bbtgan. Shuningdek, bu bobda, jami 358ta oyatga sharh bergan [2:149]. Bundan ko\u02bbrinadiki, muhaddis faqat hadis ilmi bilan cheklanmay, mufassir olim sifatida tafsir ilmi borasida ham o\u02bbzining qimmatli ilmiy qarashlarini bayon etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariy arab tili grammatikasini chuqur o\u02bbrgangan, arablar orasida yuksak ehtiromga sazovor bo\u02bblgan, tafsir, hadis, adabiyot, fiqh ilmlari bo\u02bbyicha bebaho asarlar yaratgan yirik olimdir. Uning mashhur \u201cKashshof\u201d asari hozir ham dunyodagi islom universitetlarida Qur\u02bcon tafsiriga oid muhim darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitilmoqda. Allomaning arab tilshunosligi va grammatikasi hamda Qur\u02bconni o\u02bbrganishga doir asarlariga o\u02bbz davri va keyingi zamon olimlari sharhlar, hoshiyalar yozganini ko\u02bbrishimiz mumkin. Bu kabi jihatlar, ya\u02bcni Qur\u02bconi karimga tafsir va fiqh, kalom, tasavvuf ilmiga oid asarlarga sharhlar yozish ko\u02bbplab allomalarning ilmiy faoliyatida va keyingi davr ijodkorlarining merosida kuzatiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

IX-X asrlarda kalom ilmi rivojida Abu Mansur Moturidiy ilmiy merosining o\u02bbrni va ahamiyati juda yuqoridir. Alloma ta\u02bclimotining yuzaga kelishiga o\u02bbsha davrdagi turli aqidaviy adashishlar, nizo va ixtiloflar ehtiyoj tug\u02bbdirganini asarlarining mohiyati va ilgari surgan g\u02bboyaviy qarashlaridan bilib olish mumkin. Uning \u201cTa\u02bcvilotul Qur\u02bcon\u201d (\u201cQur\u02bcon ta\u02bcvillari\u201d)\u201d asari Qur\u02bconi karim tafsiri bo\u02bblsa-da, oyatlar turli aqidaviy qarashlarga raddiya sifatida sharhlangan. Shu jihatdan, kitobni \u201caqidaviy tizimlari mustahkam ishlab chiqilgan va o\u02bbsha davr diniy oqimlari to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida ma\u02bclumot beruvchi muhim asar\u201d, deyish mumkin [2:156-157]. Ayniqsa, olimning mashhur \u201cKitobut tavhid\u201d (\u201cAllohning yakka-yagonaligi kitobi\u201d) asari kalom ilmi bo\u02bbyicha muhim manba bo\u02bblib, bugungi kunga qadar yuksak ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy ahamiyat kasb etib kelmoqda. Abu Mansur Moturidiyning qarashlarini keyingi davr olimlaridan Abu Hafs Nasafiy ham qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlagan va uning g\u02bboyalarini davomchisi sifatida \u201cAqoidun Nasafiy\u201d asari orqali sof aqidaviy masalalarni yoritgan. Bu asarga mashhur alloma Taftazoniy yuqori baho berib: \u201cAbu Hafs Nasafiyning \u201cAqoidun Nasafiy\u201d asari kalom ilmini o\u02bbrganishda eng foydali va qulay manbadir\u201d [3:113], degan. Bu borada Abu Muin Nasafiy, Abul Barakot Nasafiy, Alouddin Buxoriy va boshqa kalom ilmi olimlarining qarashlarini ham sof e\u02bctiqod targ\u02bbibotchilari sifatida baholashimiz mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burhonuddin Marg\u02bbinoniyning \u201cHidoya\u201d asari qimmatli manbalardan bo\u02bblib, necha asrlardan buyon fiqh ilmiga oid izchil va mukammal qo\u02bbllanma sifatida o\u02bbqib kelinadi. Jumladan, \u201cHidoya\u201d asari yurtimizda sovet sud tizimi joriy qilingunga qadar huquqshunoslik bo\u02bbyicha asosiy qo\u02bbllanma bo\u02bblgan [4]. Bu asar bugungi kunda ham o\u02bbz ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan holda islom huquqiga oid qimmatli manba sifatida soha mutaxassislari tomonidan huquq va majburiyatlarni belgilashda muayyan darajada asos bo\u02bblib xizmat qilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, Movarounnahrda tasavvuf ilmi bo\u02bbyicha o\u02bbziga xos katta maktab yaratilgan. Tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotining komillik sari intilishga, halol, pok, kamtar bo\u02bblishga, ezgu ishlar qilishga qaratilgan yuksak g\u02bboyalari, ilm ahlini hamisha qiziqtirib, ilmiy-nazariy asarlar, badiiy ijod namunalari yaratishga va tasavvufiy tamoyillar bilan yashashga undagan. Bunday insonlar mutasavvif olim bo\u02bblib, so\u02bbfiylikning tartib-qoidalari, ma\u02bcnaviy kamolot yo\u02bbli va amaliy hayotda yashash tartiblarini belgilab beruvchi tariqatlarini yaratgan hamda o\u02bbz ilmiy-adabiy asarlari orqali ilohiy ishq, ruhiy poklik, ma\u02bcnaviy yuksalish g\u02bboyalarini ilgari surgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xojagon tariqatining asoschisi, yirik mutasavvif olim Abduxoliq G\u02bbijduvoniy komillikka, yetuklikka intilish yo\u02bbllari va asoslarini 8 qoida (rahsha)da ko\u02bbrsatib bergan bo\u02bblsa, ikki asrdan keyin alloma ishlarining davomchisi \u2013 Bahouddin Naqshband 3 tasini qo\u02bbshib, jami 11 qoida orqali butun dunyoga mashhur naqshbandiya tariqati yuzaga kelishiga sababchi bo\u02bbldi. Abduxoliq G\u02bbijduvoniy komillik borasidagi qarashlarini, umuminsoniy g\u02bboyalarini asosan o\u02bbz asar va o\u02bbgitlari orqali ilgari surgan. Jumladan, alloma \u201cVasiyatnoma\u201d risolasida: \u201cBarcha odamlarga mehr-shafqat nazari bilan boq! Hech kimsani past sanama! ..Xalq bilan talashib-tortishma! Hech kimdan biror narsa istama, tama qilma! Birovlarga xizmat buyurma! (Hamma ishni o\u02bbzing qilishga va bajarishga o\u02bbrgan!). ..Hech kimga hargiz yomonlik qilma! Mol-dunyo bilan bo\u02bblma\u201d [5:25-30], deydi. Allomaning diniy-falsafiy qarashlari chuqur ma\u02bcnoga ega bo\u02bblib, turli nizolar, qarama-qarshiliklar avj olgan bugungi kunda shafqatli, bag\u02bbrikeng bo\u02bblishga, insoniylik, yaxshilik, ezgulik, poklik asosida yashashga targ\u02bbib etadi. Mutasavvif olimning ilmiy-adabiy merosida va tasavvufiy qarashlarida kamtarlikka, halol mehnat qilishga, xalq dardi bilan yashashga, umrni qadrlashga, xotirjamlikka da\u02bcvatni ko\u02bbramiz. Alloma o\u02bbgitlarida: \u201cXalq og\u02bbirini yengillatish lozim, bu muyassar bo\u02bblmaganda halol kasb-hunar egallab, \u201cdil ba yoru dast ba kor\u201d holatida bo\u02bblmoqlik amri muqarrar turur\u201d, deydi. Abduxoliq G\u02bbijduvoniy vasiyatlarida ilmli, odobli, taqvoli bo\u02bblish, fiqh, hadis ilmlarini egallash, ulamolarning izidan yurish, mansabga qattiq bog\u02bblanmaslik, halol yeyish, mashhurlikka intilmaslik kabi qator insoniy fazilatlarni ilgari suradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyingi davr mutasavviflari tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotini fan sifatida ilmiy jihatdan o\u02bbrgandi va uning chuqur ilmiy-nazariy asoslari, komil inson konsepsiyasini ishlab chiqdi va shu tariqa yirik hajmli asarlar yuzaga keldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xususan, Hakim Termiziy \u201cXatmul avliyo\u201d (\u201cValiylar muhri\u201d) asari orqali valiylik nazariyasini ilmiy asoslagan bo\u02bblsa, Azizuddin Nasafiy \u201cKashful haqoiq\u201d (\u201cHaqiqatlarning ochilishi\u201d), \u201cZubdatul haqoiq\u201d (\u201cHaqiqatlar qaymog\u02bbi\u201d) va boshqa asarlari orqali komil inson konsepsiyasini [6:3], Kalobodiy Buxoriy esa, \u201cTaarruf li mazhab ahlit tasavvuf\u201d (\u201cTasavvuf ahli yo\u02bbli bilan tanishuv\u201d) mo\u02bbjaz asari va unga Mustamliy Buxoriy \u201cSharh Taarruf li mazhab ahlit tasavvuf\u201d (\u201cTasavvuf yo\u02bbli bilan tanishuv\u201d asariga sharh\u201d) sharhi orqali tasavvuf nazariyasi bo\u02bbyicha yaxlit va mukammal ma\u02bclumotlarni asoslab berdi [7:149].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf faniga birinchi bo\u02bblib ilmiy asos solgan olim sifatida Kalobodiy nomi tilga olinadi. Yuqorida ta\u02bckidlanganidek, asarlarning ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy jihatlarini mufassal ko\u02bbrsatish, ma\u02bcno-mazmunini kengroq ochish uchun yirik hajmli sharhlar yozilgan. Jumladan, birgina Kalobodiy Buxoriyning \u201cTaarruf li mazhab ahlit tasavvuf\u201d deb nomlangan hajman kichik asariga arab va fors tillarida ko\u02bbplab sharhlar bitilgan [8:11]. Yuz mingdan ziyod hadis bilgan Kalobodiy Imom Buxoriyning \u201cJomeus sahih\u201d asariga sharh yozgan [8:3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvufiy sharhlar orasida ta\u02bclimotni ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan chuqur o\u02bbrgatadigan mufassal asar sifatida Mustamliy Buxoriyning \u201cSharh Taarruf li mazhab ahlit tasavvuf\u201d asari nihoyatda mashhur bo\u02bblganini aytish joiz. Mutasavvif olim tasavvufiy istilohlar sharhi orqali olam va inson, Haq va haqiqat haqidagi qarashlarini falsafiy mushohadalar asosida talqin etadi. Jumladan, inson va uning ne\u02bcmatlarga shukri borasida: \u201cBanda toat chog\u02bbida o\u02bbz toatini emas, balki Xudo bergan ne\u02bcmatni ko\u02bbrib, unga shukrona keltirishi kerak. \u2026Banda tinimsiz shukr qilsa, Haq unga tinimsiz ne\u02bcmat beradi\u201d [7:169], deydi. Bu bilan u Alloh bergan har bir narsani, u xoh moddiy, xoh ma\u02bcnaviy bo\u02bblsin, Yaratganning in\u02bcomi sifatida qabul etish, rozi bo\u02bblgan holda shukr qilish kerakligini aytadi. Shukr ham bir ibodat ekanini, buning ketidan cheksiz ne\u02bcmatlarga erishish, Haqning roziligiga muyassar bo\u02bblgan holda suyukli bandasiga aylanish mumkinligini falsafiy mushohadalar orqali izohlaydi [9:19-20].<\/span><\/p>\n

Komil inson, barkamol shaxs haqidagi bu kabi falsafiy qarashlarni XIII asrda yashagan Azizuddin Nasafiyning \u201cZubdatul haqoiq\u201d asarida ham ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Jumladan, u \u201c\u2026Shunday bo\u02bblgilki, sendan beixtiyor hamisha yaxshilik va saxovat yog\u02bbilib tursin\u2026 Zero, kimki hamisha odamlarga farog\u02bbat tilasa va odamlar uchun farog\u02bbat keltirsa, o\u02bbsha saxovatli qalb egasidir. Bunday odam hech kimdan xizmatini darig\u02bb tutmaydi tili, qo\u02bbli, moli bilan o\u02bbzgalar yordamiga shoshiladi\u2026\u201d [6:55], deb ta\u02bckidlaydi. Alloma bu fikrlari orqali haqiqiy, chin insonga xos sifatlarni tavsiflab bergan. Barkamol inson bo\u02bblishni istasang, jamiyat va o\u02bbzgalarga manfaat keltirgin, amaliy faoliyating bilan yaxshilik ulashgin, hammaga ezgulikni ravo ko\u02bbrib, mudom yaxshilikka shoshilgin, deydi. Albatta bunday sifatlar komil insonga xos bo\u02bblib, allomalar hamisha poklikka, komillikka intilgan, asarlari orqali ezgulik, bunyodkorlik, tinchliksevarlik kabi yuksak g\u02bboyalarni tarannum etgan. Chunonchi, bundan bir necha asr oldin ijtimoiy hayot, insoniy munosabatlar haqida aytilgan falsafiy fikrlar, ilgari surilgan g\u02bboyalar bugungi kun uchun ham dolzarbdir. Allomalarning ilmiy merosi yuksak ma\u02bcrifiy ahamiyatga ega. Ular islom ilmlari haqida nazariy bilimlarni berish barobarida jamiyatning, insonning ma\u02bcnaviy kamoloti uchun ilg\u02bbor, umumbashariy g\u02bboyalarni ham targ\u02bbib etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, bu zamindan yetishib chiqqan buyuk allomalar islom ilmlari rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Necha asr o\u02bbtsa hamki, ularning merosi ilmiy-ma\u02bcrifiy ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan holda inson kamoloti va jamiyatning ma\u02bcrifiy rivoji uchun muhim va bebaho ma\u02bcnaviy boylik bo\u02bblib xizmat qilib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro\u02bbyxati:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    Shoislom AKMALOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    dotsenti, siyosiy fanlar nomzodi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    O\u02bbzbekiston zamini buyuk allomalarni yetishtirgan va dunyo tamadduniga bebaho ma\u02bcnaviy xazina tuhfa etgan zamindir. Bu zamindan islom ilmi va madaniyati rivojiga ulkan hissa qo\u02bbshgan buyuk muhaddisu faqihlar, mutasavviflar, ijodkorlar yetishib chiqqan. Chunonchi, mintaqamizda yuksak tamaddun IX-XI asrlarda yuqori bosqichga yetgan bo\u02bblsa-da, ma\u02bcrifiy takomil ildizlari uzoq tarixga borib taqaladi. Ajdodlarimizning ma\u02bcrifiy intilishlarini qadimgi \u201cAvesto\u201d, O\u02bbrxun-Enasoy bitiktoshlari, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22202&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22202&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-01T05:29:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_90.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22202&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22202&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"ALLOMALAR M\u0415ROSINING ILMIY-MA\u02bcRIFIY AHAMIYATI - 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