{"id":22093,"date":"2022-05-25T11:21:50","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T06:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22093"},"modified":"2022-05-25T11:21:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T06:21:50","slug":"adabul-imlo-val-istimlo-asari-hadis-ilmidagi-muhim-manba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22093&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cADABUL IMLO VAL ISTIMLO\u201d ASARI \u2013 HADIS ILMIDAGI MUHIM MANBA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiyning \u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d asari hadis ilmidagi ta\u02bclim jarayoniga bag\u02bbishlangan muhim manba hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xorijlik va mahalliy tadqiqotchilarning Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy hayoti va ijodi borasida qilgan izlanishlariga qaralganda, olimning tarixga oid \u201cAl-ansob\u201d nomli shoh asariga ko\u02bbproq e\u02bctibor qaratilgani guvohi bo\u02bblinadi. Shu e\u02bctibordan olimning tarixchi va nasabshunos jihati o\u02bbrganilgan. \u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d asari o\u02bbrganib chiqilgandan so\u02bbng, olimning mashhur muhaddis ekanligi, hadis ilmlarida mohir va mo\u02bbtabar bo\u02bblgani namoyon bo\u02bbldi. Zamonasining Ibn Asokir, Abul Fath Boqilloniy kabi imomlari undan hadis rivoyat qilgani, imom Zahabiy, Ibn Xallikon, Tojiddin Subkiy, Ibn Kasirdek allomalarning olim haqidagi maqtovlari va e\u02bctiroflari Sam\u02bconiyning ilmiy darajasi naqadar yuksak bo\u02bblganini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d asari hadis ilmi ta\u02bclim metodologiyasida yuksak ahamiyatga ega asar hisoblanadi. U muhaddislarning ilm talab qilish yo\u02bbllarini batafsil izohlab beradi. Quyida asarning tarkibiy tuzilishi, uning ahamiyati, ta\u02bclim metodologiyasida tutgan o\u02bbrni bo\u02bbyicha ma\u02bclumotlar bayon qilinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avval asar nomini Imom Zahabiy, Subkiy, Xoji Xalifa, Ismoil Posho Bag\u02bbdodiy \u201cAl-imlo val istimlo\u201d deb ataydi. Imom Zarkashiy, Saxoviy va Imom Suyutiy esa \u201cAdabul imlo\u201d deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asar \u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d deb nomlanib, bu so\u02bbzma-so\u02bbz tarjima qilinganda, \u201chadis aytish va yozib olish odobi\u201d degan ma\u02bcnoni anglatadi. Muhaddislar istilohida hadis rivoyat qilish jarayoni \u201cimlo\u201d, yozib olish jarayoni \u201cistimlo\u201d deb atalgan. Ta\u02bcrifdan kelib chiqib, hadis rivoyat qilayotgan shayxga \u201cmumliy\u201d, yozib olayotgan talabaga \u201cmustamliy\u201d deb aytilgan. Ushbu ta\u02bcrifdan kelib chiqib, alloma asarni \u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d deb nomlagan. Ya\u02bcni, hadis rivoyati bilan shug\u02bbullanuvchi ustoz-shogird odoblari, degan ma\u02bcnoni anglatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Umuman olganda, \u201cimlo val istimlo\u201d mavzusida yozilgan kitoblar \u201cMustalahul hadis\u201d (\u201cHadis ilmi istilohlari\u201d) sohasining tarmoqlaridan biri hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201dning yozilish tarixini muallifning asarga yozgan muqaddimasi ifodalab beradi: \u201cBirodarim, Alloh seni hifzi himoyasida saqlasin, mendan rivoyat qilish va eshitish odoblari, rivoyat qiluvchi va eshituvchi uchun zarur bo\u02bblgan yuksak axloqlar bilan xulqlanish va nabaviy sunnatga ergashish masalalari haqida biror asar ta\u02bclif qilishimni so\u02bbradingiz. Shu bilan birga, asar muxtasar bo\u02bblishini istadingiz. Zero, himmatlar ozaygan, siz so\u02bbragan ma\u02bclumotlar hadis ilmlari ichida keltirilgan. Ularni topib o\u02bbqishga bo\u02bblgan qiziqish esa so\u02bbngandir. Siz so\u02bbragan ma\u02bclumotlarni o\u02bbzida jamlagan asar yozish uchun Allohga istixora qilib, uni to\u02bbplashga kirishdim. Asarda muhaddis va talaba uchun zarur bo\u02bblgan odoblar, o\u02bbqitish va o\u02bbrganish uslublariga tegishli ma\u02bclumotlarni keltirdim\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muqaddimaga nazar solinsa, \u201cmuxtasar asar\u201d degan so\u02bbzga guvoh bo\u02bblinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dastlab Imom Sam\u02bconiy bu mavzudagi kitobga ehtiyoj borligini ko\u02bbrib, \u201cTirozuz zahab fi adabit talab\u201d asarini yozdi. Ammo uning hajmi katta bo\u02bblgan va talabalar uchun uni o\u02bbqish va yodlash qiyin bo\u02bblgan.\u00a0 So\u02bbng ba\u02bczi talabalar undan talaba va muallimning odob-axloqiga doir oson va qisqaroq bir kitob yozib berishni iltimos qildi. Shunda Sam\u02bconiy ushbu kitobini tasnif etdi[1]<\/a>.\u00a0 Shuning uchun alloma muxtasar asar yozishga qaror qilib, ushbu asarni ta\u02bclif qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabul imlo val istimlo\u201d asarida asosan ustoz-shogirdga tegishli odoblar, ta\u02bclim berish va olish uslublari haqida ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan. Keltirilgan har bir ma\u02bclumot oyat, hadis, rivoyat yoki biror atoqli olimning gapi bilan tasdiqlab borilgan. Quyida\u00a0 asardan ba\u02bczi namunalar keltiramiz:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hadis tolibi barcha ishlarda ajralib turishi lozim.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ibrohim Harbiy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cKishi Nabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallamning odoblari haqida biror narsani eshitib qolsa, uni mahkam tutishi lozim\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Imlo majlisida uxlamaslik.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Abu Sulaymon Doroniy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201cAgar hadis majlisida uxlayotgan kishini ko\u02bbrsam, uni (eshitishni) xohlamayapti deb bilaman. Agar xohlaganida, uyqusi o\u02bbchib ketgan bo\u02bblardi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Imlo majlisida uyqu g\u02bbolib kelsa, joyini o\u02bbzgartirish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Ibn Umar roziyallohu anhumodan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cNabiy sollallohu alayhi vasallam:\u00a0\u201cAgar sizlardan biringiz masjidda mudrasa, joyini boshqasiga o\u02bbzgartirsin\u201d,<\/strong>\u00a0dedilar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Imlo vaqtida ehtirom bilan eshitish va diqqat qilish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Muhammad ibn Nazr Horisiy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u201cIlmning avvali jim turish, so\u02bbng unga quloq solish, so\u02bbng unga amal qilish, so\u02bbng uni saqlash, so\u02bbngra uni tarqatishdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Shayxiga peshvoz chiqish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Ibn Mas\u02bcud roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam juma kuni minbarga ko\u02bbtarilar edilar. Shunda biz peshvoz chiqib, u zotni kutib olar edik\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Imlo qiluvchi shayxga tavozeli bo\u02bblish.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Abdulloh ibn Mo\u02bbtazir aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u201cIlm talabida mutavoze\u02bc bo\u02bblish \u2013 past bo\u02bblgan yerlarni suv bosgani kabi ilmni ko\u02bbpaytiradi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

              Yozish va yozish predmetlari<\/strong>ga doir odoblar:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Tolib avvalo hadisni qoralab yozib olishi, so\u02bbng uni maxsus siyoh bilan ko\u02bbchirishi lozim.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Ahmad ibn Mahdiy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u201cAbu Ubaydning \u201cAmvol\u201d kitobini ko\u02bbchirishni xohladim va tilla suvi sotib olish uchun chiqdim. Yo\u02bblda Abu Ubaydni uchratib qolib: \u201cEy Abu Ubayd! Alloh senga rahm qilsin. Tilla suvi bilan \u201cAmvol\u201d kitobini ko\u02bbchirmoqchiman\u201d, dedim. Shunda u: \u201cUni siyoh bilan ko\u02bbchir. Albatta, u juda mustahkam va chidamlidir\u201d, dedi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                Ibn Muborak aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u201cKiyimlardagi siyoh ulamolarning xushbo\u02bby atirlaridir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Kiyimni siyohdan va qora dog\u02bbdan saqlash yaxshidir.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Abu Oliya aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u201cKitob, Qur\u02bcon va ahlim menga yetkazgan narsalarni o\u02bbrgandim va hech qachon libosimda birorta siyoh ko\u02bbrinmagan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Siyohdon haqida.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Anas ibn Molik roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                    Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallam:\u00a0\u201cQiyomatda, hadis sohiblari Alloh azza va jallaning huzuriga keladi. Ularda nurdan bo\u02bblgan siyohdonlar bo\u02bbladi. Shunda Alloh azza va jalla ularga: \u201cSizlar hadis sohibisizlar, Nabiyingizga juda ko\u02bbp salavot aytardingiz. Endi jannat va rahmatimga kiringlar\u201d, deydi\u201d,\u00a0<\/strong>dedilar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Imlo majlisida siyohdonsiz hozir bo\u02bblmaslik.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Zuhriydan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u201cKim uyidan siyohdonsiz chiqsa, faqat sadaqani niyat qilibdi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                      Shofe\u02bciy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u201cKim ilm majlisida siyohdonsiz hozir bo\u02bblsa, go\u02bbyoki tegirmonga bug\u02bbdoysiz kelibdi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Imlo majlisida hozir bo\u02bblib, siyohdoni bo\u02bblmasa, boshqaning siyohdonidan foydalansa bo\u02bbladi. Chunki salafi solihlar shunday qilgan.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Zakariyo ibn Adiydan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                        \u201cBir kemada Ibn Muborak bilan birga edim. U ruxsat so\u02bbramay yostig\u02bbimga o\u02bbtirdi va ruxsat so\u02bbramay siyohdonimni oldi. Keyin menga iltifot ko\u02bbrsatib: \u201cAlloh taolo:\u00a0\u201cdo\u02bbstingizning uyidan\u00a0<\/strong>(izn so\u02bbramasdan)\u00a0taomlanishingizda sizlarga\u00a0<\/strong>(gunoh yo\u02bbqdir)\u201d<\/strong>[2]<\/a>, deb aytadi\u201d, dedi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. Qalam haqida;<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u201cRasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamdan eshitdim. U zot bunday dedilar:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>Albatta, Alloh birinchi bo\u02bblib yaratgan narsa qalamdir. So\u02bbng Nun \u2013 U siyohdondir \u2013 ni yaratdi. Bu haqda Alloh azza va jallaning \u201cNun. Qalam va\u00a0<\/strong>(u bilan)\u00a0yozadigan narsalar\u00a0<\/strong>(bitiklar)\u00a0bilan qasamyod etaman\u201d<\/strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a>, degan so\u02bbzi bor.\u00a0 Bas, unga: \u201cYoz!\u201d, dedi. U: \u201cEy Robbim, nimani yozay?\u201d, dedi. U zot taboraka va taolo: \u201cQiyomatgacha bo\u02bbladigan har bir narsaning taqdirini yoz\u201d, dedi<\/strong>\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                          Qatodadan rivoyat qilinadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u201cQalam Alloh azza va jallaning ulug\u02bb ne\u02bcmatidir. Agar qalam bo\u02bblmasa, din o\u02bbz o\u02bbrnida turmaydi va hayot ham to\u02bbg\u02bbri bo\u02bblmaydi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Abu Sarh Hamdoniy aytdi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u201cAbu Dalfning \u201cQalam ikki tilning (ya\u02bcni, inson va qalam tilining) biridir\u201d, deganini eshitdim\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Ko\u02bbpchilik qalamni qilichdan afzal ko\u02bbradi:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Muhammad ibn Ja\u02bcfar Dinovariy aytadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u201cBa\u02bczi yunon podshohlari: \u201cDunyo va din ishlari ikki narsa ostidadir. O\u02bbsha ikki narsaning biri ikkinchisining ostidadir. Ular qilich va qalam bo\u02bblib, qilich qalamning ostidadir\u201d, degan\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Asar boshidan oxiriga qadar o\u02bbrganib chiqilganda, quyidagi xulosaga kelindi:<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \u2013 Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy mashhur muhaddis, hadis ilmi mutaxassisi bo\u02bblgan;<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \u2013 asarda keltirilgan har-bir ma\u02bclumot sanad bilan keltirilgan;<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \u2013 asar hadis ilmi mutaxassislari uchun muhim qo\u02bbllanma bo\u02bblib xizmat qiladi;<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \u2013 asar hadis ilmi ta\u02bclim metodologiyasiga oid muhim manbadir;<\/span><\/div>\n