{"id":22014,"date":"2022-05-20T09:03:36","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T04:03:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=22014"},"modified":"2022-05-20T09:03:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-20T04:03:36","slug":"imom-t%d0%b5rmiziy-fiqhiy-ijtihod-maktabi-namoyandasi-sifatida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22014&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u02bclumki, islom dini VII asrda Movarounnahr diyorlarida yoyila boshlagan. Xalqimiz buni faqatgina diniy ta\u02bclimot sifatida qabul qilibgina qolmay, balki u bilan bog\u02bbliq ilmlarni yangi pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtardi va islomning ilmiy jihatdan yuksalishida beqiyos hissa qo\u02bbshdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomalarimizning ilmiy va diniy-ma\u02bcrifiy merosida hadis to\u02bbplamlarining ahamiyati beqiyos. Bu borada Movarounnahr muhaddislarining hadis ilmida tutgan o\u02bbrnini alohida ta\u02bckidlash joiz. Bu diyordan butun dunyoga dovrug\u02bbi ketgan allomalar, muhaddislar yetishib chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hijriy ikkinchi asr islom dinida fiqhiy masalalarda uyg\u02bbonish davri bo\u02bbldi, desak, mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi. Chunonchi, ayni shu paytda ijtihod degan masala paydo bo\u02bblib, bu sohada turli mazhablarning yirik ulamolari yetishib chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtihod \u2013 bu Qur\u02bconi karim va Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislariga asoslangan holda, davr taqozosini hisobga olib, jamiyat taraqqiyoti va ma\u02bcnaviyat ravnaqiga xizmat qiladigan foydali g\u02bboya va mafkuralarni yaratish, muammolarni hal etishning maqbul, yangi yo\u02bbllarini topishdir [1:91-92].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ijtihod fiqh ilmiga bog\u02bblangan omildir. Fiqh ilmi hijriy uchinchi asrda, Imom Termiziy yashagan davrda rivojlangan. Imom Termiziy, Imom Buxoriy, Imom Muslim, Abu Dovud va boshqa ulamolar Imom Ahmadning hadis ilmidagi shogirdlari bo\u02bblgan. Lekin ular hadis ilmiga ko\u02bbproq e\u02bctibor bergani bois fiqhda hanbaliy mazhabiga ergashmasdan o\u02bbzlarining ijtihodiga suyanib ish ko\u02bbrgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Buxoriy va Imom Termiziydek muhaddislar Qur\u02bconi karim, Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislari, sahobai kiromlarning asarlarini butun mazmun-mohiyati bilan tushunib yetgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbsha vaqtda hadis rivoyat qilish va asarlar yozish ko\u02bbpaygan edi. Nusxa yozish shu darajaga yetganki, roviylarning barchasi bu ish bilan shug\u02bbullangan. Ular bu borada ilmni Hijoz, Shom, Iroq, Misr, Yaman va Xurosondagi ulamolardan o\u02bbrgangan. Hammasi kitob jamlagan, nusxalar qidirgan, g\u02bbaribul hadis, ya\u02bcni ma\u02bcnosi odamlarga begona bo\u02bblgan ilm va nodir rivoyatlarga e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Avval hech kim to\u02bbplamagan hadis va dalillarning muhimlarini jamlagan. Shunday qilib hadis turuqlari (roviylarning rivoyat yo\u02bbllari)dan ularga ko\u02bbp narsa aniq bo\u02bblgan. Hatto yuzdan ziyod rivoyat yo\u02bbllari topilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roviylar ba\u02bczi ochilmagan hadis turuqlarini kashf qilib, har bir hadisning g\u02bbariblik va hukm olish jihatlarini o\u02bbrgangan. Avval fatvo ahliga ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblmagan ko\u02bbp hadislar ularga zohir bo\u02bblgan. Ibn Humom hikoya qiladi: \u201cShofeiy rahimahulloh Ahmad rahimahullohga bunday dedi: \u201cSizlar sahih xabarlarni bizdan ko\u02bbra yaxshi bilasiz. Agar sahih xabar bo\u02bblsa, menga ham bildirib qo\u02bbyingki, uning kufalik, yoki basralik, yo shomlik ekanini bilib boraman\u201d [2:385]. Bu sahih hadislarni rivoyat qilgan kishi bir shaharga xos bo\u02bblishi, ya\u02bcni shomliklardan, iroqliklardan yoki ahli baytga xos ekanini bilish e\u02bctiborli bo\u02bblgan. Bu xabar yetkazuvchining \u201cAbu Burdadan, u Abu Musodan\u201d nusxasi kabi bo\u02bbladi. Bunday hadislardan fatvo ahli g\u02bbofil qolgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ularning huzurida har bir shaharning sahoba va tobein faqihlarining ta\u02bcsiri jam bo\u02bblgan. Undan oldin kishi o\u02bbz shahri va taniydigan birodarlaridangina hadis to\u02bbplashi mumkin edi. Shuningdek, hadis roviylarining ismini, ularning adolat darajasini bilishiga tayanib, ahvolidan xabardor bo\u02bblardi va yaqinlariga ergashardi. Bu tabaqadagi olimlar hadislarni yozib qo\u02bbyish va qidiruv olib borish bilan bu fan borasida mustaqil yo\u02bbl tutishga e\u02bctibor qaratgan. Muhaddislar hadisning hukmida sog\u02bblomligi va boshqa jihatlarida munozara qilgan. Sufyon, Vaki\u02bc va ular kabi muhaddislar qattiq ijtihod bilan hadislarni o\u02bbrganishga intilgan. Shuning uchun Abu Dovud Sijistoniyning Makka ahliga yo\u02bbllagan maktubida aytilganidek, ular mingtadan kam hadis bilgan [3:312-313].<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis bilan fiqh ilmi bir-biriga bog\u02bbliq. Ulamolar bu ikki\u00a0ilmni<\/a>\u00a0puxta egallashga harakat qilgan. Faqat hadisda katta muvaffaqiyatga erishgan hadis ilmi\u00a0imomlar<\/a>i va fiqhda ko\u02bbproq shuhrat topgani fiqh imomi bo\u02bblib tanilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziyning turli mazhab va g\u02bboyalarga munosabat masalasida tutgan mavqei Payg\u02bbambar (S.A.V.)ning hadislari va dalil-isbotlar bilangina xulosa chiqarishga asoslangan edi. Albatta, bunday hollarda faqat sahih hadislar va eng kuchli dalillar asosiy mavqega ega edi. U o\u02bbz ustozlari \u2013 eng avvalo Imom Buxoriyning va boshqa hadis ilmi ulamolarining ta\u02bcsirida ahli ray emas, ahli hadis yo\u02bblida sobitqadamlik bilan fikr yuritgan, uni chuqur tahqiq va tadqiq etish orqali o\u02bbz fikr-mulohazalarini bildirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloma Abu Husayn Nadaviy bunday deydi: \u201cImom Termiziy bugungi kunda odamlarning qiyosiy fiqh nomli tushunchasi mavzusining eshigini qoqqan kishidir. Ummat unga \u201co\u02bbz asrida fiqhiy ijtihod maktabi namoyandasi\u201d, deb ta\u02bcrif berishi lozim bo\u02bblgan katta fazl egasi edi\u201d [4:89].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy ilm imomlarining barchasini hurmat qilar edi. U biror bir fiqhiy mazhabni lozim tutmagan. Uning fiqhiy masalada o\u02bbzi hukm chiqarib olishi uchun ilmi va aqli yetarli bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziyning ijtihod yo\u02bblini tutgani uning \u201cSunan\u201d asarida o\u02bbz aksini topgan. U ahli ray haqida gapirar ekan, ularning mazhablarini bayon qilish uchun o\u02bbz asarida \u201cKo\u02bbfa ahli\u201d yoki \u201cayrim Ko\u02bbfa ahli\u201d kabi iboralarni ko\u02bbp ishlatadi [5:173]. Ba\u02bczilar: \u201cAbu Hanifani aytishga xijolat bo\u02bblganidan \u201cKo\u02bbfa ahli\u201d degan\u201d, deb o\u02bbylagan. Lekin Imom Termiziy faqat Abu Hanifani nazarda tutib, bunday deydigan kishi emas edi. U Kufadagi barcha olimlarni nazarda tutgan. Abu Hanifadan tashqari, Vaki\u02bc, Sufyon Savriy, Sufyon ibn Uyayna, Abu Yusuf, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Zufar va boshqalarni ham aytib o\u02bbtgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziyning asarida ko\u02bbp uchraydigan iboralardan yana biri \u201cbizning as\u02bchoblarimiz\u201ddir. Bu umumlashgan atama bilan Molik ibn Anas, Muhammad ibn Idris Shofeiy, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Is\u02bchoq ibn Rohavayh kabi fiqh ilmining mujtahidlari hisoblangan ahli hadisni nazarda tutgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy fiqhiy isnodlarni Sufyon Savriy, Muhammad ibn Usmon Kufiy, Ubaydulloh ibn Muso Abasiy, Maktum ibn Abbos Termiziy, Muhammad ibn Yusuf Firyobiydan naql qilgan [6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Termiziy va o\u02bbsha zamonda yashagan muhaddislar o\u02bbz faoliyatida hadislardan shar\u02bciy hukmlarni olib, fiqh ilmi rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Barcha muhaddislar faqih bo\u02bblib, ularning ayrimlari hadislardan shar\u02bciy hukmlarni olishda boshqalariga qaraganda ustunroq bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk ajdodlarimizning ilmiy merosi hanuzgacha tadqiq qilinib, yangi-yangi ma\u02bclumotlar yuzaga chiqmoqda. Bu ilmiy tadqiqotlarning natijalari ajdodlarimizning boy ilmiy merosining naqadar keng bo\u02bblganidan dalolat beradi. Har bir allomaning asaridan hadis, fiqh va boshqa ilmlarga taalluqli ma\u02bclumotlarni topish mumkin. Ularning ilmiy merosi xalqimizning ma\u02bcnaviy mulki hisoblanadi. Allomalarning bunday boy merosini asrab-avaylab, ulardan oqilona foydalanib, o\u02bbrganib, avlodlarga yetkazish bugungi kundagi muqaddas burchimizdir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Islam (Ensiklopedicheskiy slovar). \u2013M., 1991.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Abul Qosim Ali ibn Hasan Shofeiy. Tarix madinatu Dimashq. J.51. \u2013Bayrut. Dorul fikr, 1995.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Valiyulloh Dehlaviy. Hujjatullohil bolig\u02bba. \u2013 Qohira. Dorul kutubil hadisa.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Iyod Xolid. Al-Imom at-Termiziy. \u2013 Damashq. Dorul qalam, 2001.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Muhammad Muborakfuriy. Tuhfatul ahvaziy sharh jomiit Termiziy. J. 1. \u2013Riyoz.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Abu Iso Muhammad ibn Iso Termiziy. Jomiut Termiziy (Sunani Termiziy). \u2013 Bayrut. Dor ihyoit turosil arabiy.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Qodirxon Mahmudov,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ma\u02bclumki, islom dini VII asrda Movarounnahr diyorlarida yoyila boshlagan. Xalqimiz buni faqatgina diniy ta\u02bclimot sifatida qabul qilibgina qolmay, balki u bilan bog\u02bbliq ilmlarni yangi pog\u02bbonaga ko\u02bbtardi va islomning ilmiy jihatdan yuksalishida beqiyos hissa qo\u02bbshdi. Allomalarimizning ilmiy va diniy-ma\u02bcrifiy merosida hadis to\u02bbplamlarining ahamiyati beqiyos. Bu borada Movarounnahr muhaddislarining hadis ilmida tutgan o\u02bbrnini alohida ta\u02bckidlash joiz. Bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22012,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22014&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22014&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-05-20T04:03:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_80.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22014&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=22014&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"IMOM T\u0415RMIZIY \u2013 FIQHIY IJTIHOD MAKTABI NAMOYANDASI SIFATIDA - 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