{"id":21942,"date":"2022-05-18T11:11:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T06:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=21942"},"modified":"2022-05-18T11:11:31","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T06:11:31","slug":"o%ca%bbrta-osiyo-xonliklarida-tazkiranavis-ijodkorlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21942&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO XONLIKLARIDA TAZKIRANAVIS IJODKORLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tazkiralar[1]<\/a>\u00a0turkiy va musulmon olamida, xususan, Turkiya, Turon va Eron zaminida turli tarixiy davrlarda yashab o\u02bbtgan shoirlar va ularning she\u02bcrlari jamlangan majmua sifatida doimo qadrlangan va maxsus yo\u02bbnalish sifatida rivojlanib kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiralar O\u02bbrta Osiyoda ham ko\u02bbp asrlik tarixga ega, ularning katta qismi shoirlarning ijodiga bag\u02bbishlangan bo\u02bblsa-da, orasida olimlar, hukmdorlar, diniy ulamolar, sheriyat peshvolarining tarixi va faoliyatiga bag\u02bbishlangani ham bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiralar asosan adabiyot, xususan, she\u02bcriyat tarixi yo\u02bbnalishida ko\u02bbp o\u02bbrganilgan, tarix fanida esa ulardan madaniy hayot namoyondalarini o\u02bbrganishda foydadalanilsa-da, haligacha maxsus tadqiqot obyekti bo\u02bblmagan. Vaholanki, ularda nafaqat shoirlar, balki hukmdorlarning faoliyati, ularning adabiyotga, madaniyatga munosabati, she\u02bcrlarda esa davr ruhi, xalqning armonlari, qalb nidosi, ijtimoiy fikr va tafakkurni anglab olish mumkin bo\u02bblgan jihatlar, geografik, topografik ma\u02bclumotlar juda ko\u02bbp. Tazkiralarning madaniyat tarixi va intellektual merosni o\u02bbrganishdagi o\u02bbrni va ahamiyati nihoyatda katta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiralar tarix fanida uzviy davomiylikda, maxsus va izchil o\u02bbrganilmagan bo\u02bblsa-da, ulardan turli davrlardagi shaxslar va ijod ahlining hayotini, tarixini o\u02bbrganishda tegishli o\u02bbrinlarda unumli foydalanib kelinmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiralarning tahlili shuni ko\u02bbrsatadiki, ular orqali nafaqat madaniy hayot, balki davr ruhini ham baholash mumkin. Ular orasida hukmdorlarning topshirig\u02bbi va homiyligida yaratilgani yoki shaxsiy tashabbus asosida avvalgi tazkiralarni davom ettirish yoki to\u02bbldirish maqsadida yozilgani ham mavjud. Tazkiralarni asosan shoirlar, xattotlar, tarixchilar yozgan va XX asrning o\u02bbrtasigacha davom etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIX asrdan XX asrning boshigacha har bir xonlikda tazkiranavislik an\u02bcanasi davom etgan. Qo\u02bbqon xonligida Umarxonning buyrug\u02bbi bilan Fazliy Namangoniy va Mushrif tuzgan \u201cMajmuatush shuaro\u201d [1:338] nomli tazkiradan XVIII asr oxiri va XIX asr boshida Qo\u02bbqonda yashab ijod qilgan 100dan ortiq ijodkor haqidagi muhim ma\u02bclumotlar o\u02bbrin olgan. Fazliy Namangoniy rahbarligida she\u02bcriy shaklda yaratilgan \u201cMajmuai shoiron\u201d (\u201cShoirlar guruhi\u201d) tazkirasi saroyda to\u02bbplangan ijodkorlar, adabiy muhit haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoroda Qori Rahmatulloh Vozeh (1818-1894) tuzgan \u201cTuhfatul ahbob fi tazkiratil as\u02bchob\u201d (\u201cSuxbatdoshlar zikrida do\u02bbstlar tuhfasi\u201d) tazkirasi [2:145,29-30] XVIII asr oxiri va XIX asrda yashab ijod qilgan Turkiston shoirlarini qamrab olgan edi. Bu tazkirada Buxoro va Qo\u02bbqonda yashagan 150 shoirning tarjimai holi va g\u02bbazallari to\u02bbplami bayon etilgan. Vozeh zullisonayn bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbzbek, tojik tillarida ko\u02bbplab qasida, ruboiy, g\u02bbazallar yozgan. Bundan tashqari, tarix, tabiatshunoslik, etika, tibbiyotga doir asarlarni tarjima qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoro amiri Abdulaxadxonning tavsiyasi bilan Buxoroda XX asr boshida Afzal maxdum Pirmastiy tuzgan \u201cAfzaliut tazkor fi zikrish shuaro val ash\u02bco\u201d [3:372-407] (\u201cShoirlar va she\u02bcrlar haqidagi Afzal tazkirasi\u201d) deb nomlangan tazkirada XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshida yashab, ijod qilgan 135 shoir haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar jamlangan. Bu davrda yana qator tazkiralar tuzilib, an\u02bcanaviy tazkiranavislik yangi asarlar bilan boyitildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xususan, Said Mir Muhammad Siddiq Hashmat tuzgan \u201cTazkiratush shuaro\u201d [4:138] nomli tazkirada Buxoroda yashab ijod qilgan 60dan ortiq shoir, ularning taxallusi, tarjimai holi, mashhur she\u02bcrlari haqida, Hoji Abdulazim Shar\u02bciy tuzgan \u201cTazkirai shuaroi Abdulazim Shar\u02bciy\u201d [5:81b<\/sup>] nomli tazkirada XIX asr oxirida Buxoro, Samarqand va Toshkentda yashab ijod qilgan shoirlar, olimlar haqida, Ne\u02bcmatulla Muhtaramning nasriy matnda fors tilida yozgan \u201cTazkirai Hoji Ne\u02bcmatulloh Muhtaram\u201d [6:178b<\/sup>,473-478] nomli tazkirasida XIX asr va XX asr boshida Buxoroda yashab ijod qilgan shoirlarning taxallusi, ismi, nasabi, yozgan asari haqida, Abdiy Mirabdullaxo\u02bbjaning \u201cTazkirai Abdiy\u201d (yoki \u201cTazkiratush shuaroi mutaaxxirini Buxoro\u201d), \u201cTazkiratush shuaro\u201d (1904) nomli tazkiralarida Amir\u00a0Abdulahad<\/a>\u00a0davrida yashab\u00a0ijod<\/a>\u00a0qilgan 118ta shoir haqida ma\u02bclumot jamlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdumutallib Faxmiyning \u201cTazkirai Faxmiy\u201d [7:28,74] nomli tazkirasida zikr etilishicha, XIX asrda mamlakatda 300 nafar shoir yashab ijod qilgan. Asarda Bedil, Hofiz, Nizomiy, Ismat Buxoriy, Savdo, Vozeh kabi avvalgi tazkiranavislarning tazkiralaridan qisqacha ma\u02bclumotlar, ayrim tazkiralardan esa, masalan, Vozehdan to\u02bbliqroq ma\u02bclumotlar berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xiva xoni Muhammad Rahimxon Feruz davrida tazkiranavislikka alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Zero, bu davrda mamlakatda uning homiyligida she\u02bcriyat, adabiyot, san\u02bcat va tarjimonlik keng rivojlandi. 1909 yili xonning amri bilan shoir Ahmad Tabibiy (1869-1911) yaratgan \u201cMajmuatush shuaro\u201d (\u201cShoirlar guruhi\u201d) nomli tazkira \u201cMajmuatush shuaroi Feruz-shohiy\u00bb nomi bilan tanilgan bo\u02bblib, jami 1638 sahifadan iborat edi [1:338,176].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Tabibiy san\u02bcatshunos, musiqashunos, xattot, shoir. U Xorazm shoirlari haqida yaratgan \u201cMajmuai shuaroi payravi Feruz\u201d nomli tazkirasiga shoir Feruzning 100ta g\u02bbazaliga 30ta shoir yozgan payravni kiritadi. Bu tazkiradagi matnlar asosan o\u02bbzbek tilida edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiranavislik xonliklar tugatilgandan keyin ham davom etdi. Hasanmurod Laffasiy, Mirzo Muhammadsharif Sadr Ziyoning asarlari shular jumlasidan bo\u02bblib, ularda XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshida yaratilgan tazkiralar to\u02bbldirilib, tizimlashtirilgani va xonliklarning so\u02bbnggi davriga qadar yetkazilganini ko\u02bbrish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad Sharifjon Sadr Ziyo Buxoro amirligida yashab, turli tuman va viloyatlarda qozilik lavozimida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan mutafakkir olim, adib va shoir sifatida boy ilmiy va adabiy meros qoldirgan. U o\u02bbzi yashagan davrda Buxorodagi adabiy hayotga va tarixga doir keng ma\u02bclumot beradigan \u201cTazkiratush shuaro mutaqaddimin\u201d, \u00abShuaroi mutaaxxirin\u201d va \u201cFuzaloi mutaaxxirin\u201d\u00bb kabi tazkiralar yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTazkiratush shuaro mutaqaddimin\u00bb tazkirasiga Davlatshoh Samarqandiyning \u201cTazkiratush shuaro\u201d, Lutf Alibek Ozarning \u201cOtashkada\u201d tazkirasi asos bo\u02bblgan. Sadr Ziyo X-XV asrlarda Xuroson va Movarounnahr, Eron va Hindistonda yashab ijod qilgan Rudakiydan to Jomiy va Navoiygacha bo\u02bblgan 162 shoir va olim, ularning ijodi, shuningdek, X-XVII asrlarda yashagan 120 nafar shahzoda haqida so\u02bbz yuritadi. Sadr Ziyo o\u02bbzining tazkirasini Davlatshoh Samarqandiy qayd etgan ma\u02bclumotlar bilan to\u02bbldirib, e\u02bctibordan chetda qolgan Ibn Sino, Xo\u02bbja Nizomulmulk va boshqa bir qator shoir va mutafakkirlar haqidagi yangi ma\u02bclumotlar bilan boyitadi[2]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sadr Ziyo \u201cShuaroi mutaaxxirin\u201d[3]<\/a>\u00a0(\u201cHozirgi davr shoirlari\u201d) nomli tazkirasini Vozehning \u201cTuhfatul ahbob\u201d [8:29-43] tazkirasi asosida yaratdi. Bu tazkira Vozeh qayd etgan XIX asrda Buxoroda yashab ijod qilgan 88 nafar shoir, olim, shayx haqida ma\u02bclumot berib, \u201cTamom bo\u02bbldi, Qori Rahmatullohiy Vozeh\u201d [9:332b<\/sup>] deb yakunlanadi. Sadr Ziyo Vozehning tazkirasini shunchaki ko\u02bbchirmay, undagi ma\u02bclumotlarni to\u02bbldirib aniqlashtiradi va ilovalar kiritadi. Ilovalarda Ahmad Donish va XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmida, Vozehdan keyin yashagan shoirlar haqida ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sadr Ziyo \u201cFuzaloi mutaaxxirin\u201d nomli tazkirasida XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmi va XX asr boshlari, ya\u02bcni Amir Muzaffar (1860-1885), Abdulahad (1885-1910), Olimxon (1910-1920)ning hukmronligi davrida, qisman sovet zamonida yashab ijod qilgan 79 nafar shoir va donishmand, ularning vafot sanalari, ba\u02bczi shoirlarning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahvoli, XX asr boshida vujudga kelgan jadidlik haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltiradi [10:337b<\/sup>].<\/span><\/p>\n

1932 yilda Sadr Ziyo \u201cTazkirai shuaro manzumai Mirzo Muhammadsharif sadr\u201d nomli majmuaga o\u02bbzining bir qator tazkiralarini jamlaydi. Muallif unga kiritilgan \u201cTazkirai shuaro\u201d (\u201cShoirlar zikri haqida\u201d) nomli tazkirasida o\u02bbzi va ajdodlari, Buxoro hukmdori Amir Abdulahadxon, Buxoroning XIX asr va XX asrning boshida yashagan shoir va olimlari, amaldorlari, diniy ulamolari haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi. Muallif majmuaning \u201cTarjimai ahvoli qozi Abdushukur\u201d (\u201cQozi Abdushukurning tarjimai holi\u201d) deb nomlangan qismida o\u02bbz otasining ajdodlari, pir va ustozlari Domlo Mirzo solih a\u02bclam, Mavlaviy Inoyatulloh Qozi kalon, Oxund Domlo Hasan, otasining ijodiy faoliyati va amalga kelishi, amirlar va amaldorlar bilan munosabatlari, Amir Muzaffar davri, o\u02bbz she\u02bcrlari, ijodi, u bilan hamzamon bo\u02bblgan mashhur ijodkor olim va amaldorlar haqida qiziqarli ma\u02bclumotlarni qayd etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning \u201cTarixi salotini Usmoniy va nasabi Eshon\u201d (\u201cUsmoniy sultonlari va ularning nasabi\u201d) qismidan Usmoniy sultonlar, Ertug\u02bbrul va uning avlodlari, Usmonbek G\u02bboziy, Yildirim Boyazid, Sulton Murodxon va ularning avlodlari, Sulton Abdulhamidxon II kabi turk sultonlari, Movarounnahrdagi Temuriy sultonlar, Buxoroning xon va amirlari, Eron sultoni va shohlari, Afg\u02bboniston tarixi, Rossiya podsholari haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar o\u02bbrin olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Majmuaning \u201cTazkirai xattoton\u201d (\u201cXattotlar zikri haqida\u201d) nomli qismida dunyoda ilk xatning paydo bo\u02bblishi, arab xatining tarixi, Mir Ali Tabriziy va Movarounnahrning mashhur kotiblari, O\u02bbrta asrlardagi mashhur xattotlar, nasta\u02bcliq xatining vujudga kelishi va uni rivojlantirgan xattotlar, Buxoro va Samarqandning mashhur xattotlari, qozi, muftiy, voliy, amir va xonlar kabi amaldorlardan bo\u02bblgan mashhur xattotlar, muallifga hamzamon yashagan xattotlar haqida ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi (nazmga solingan holda) [11:3].<\/span><\/p>\n

1940 yilda Hasanmurod Laffasiy (1880-1945) tuzgan \u201cXiva shoir va adabiyotchilarining tarjimai hollari\u201d [12:11-13] nomli asar xorazmlik 51 nafar shoir, ularning asarlaridan namunalar, o\u02bbzaro munosabatlari, saroydagi adabiy muhit haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi. Laffasiyning bu tazkirasi \u201cXiva shoirlari\u201d nomi bilan ham tanilgan bo\u02bblib, XX asr boshida Xiva hukmdori Muhammad Rahimxonning topshirig\u02bbi bilan yaratilgan \u201cTazkirai shuaro\u201dda berilgan ma\u02bclumotlarni yanada to\u02bbldiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, tazkiralar o\u02bbz davrining ijtimoiy, madaniy va adabiy sohalarini aks ettiruvchi muhim bir yo\u02bbnalish sifatida asrlar davomida muhim tarixiy manbalarni saqlash, qayd etib borish va kelgusi avlodlarga yetkazib berishda muhim rol o\u02bbynagan. Ularda nafaqat shoirlar va ularning asarlari, balki din peshvolari, ulamolar, olimlar, hukmdorlar, amaldorlar (qozi, muftiy va b.), madaniy hayot va saroy muhiti, xon va amirlarning adabiyotga munosabati, ilm-fan va madaniyat haqidagi qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlar saqlanib qolgan. Bu tazkiralarda nafaqat O\u02bbzbekiston, balki butun mintaqa, shu jumladan, Eron, Hindiston, Afg\u02bboniston, Usmoniy turklarning tarixi va madaniyatiga oid ma\u02bclumotlar ham mavjud bo\u02bblib, ular xorijiy mamlakatlarning tarixi uchun ham muhim manbaviy ahamiyatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    \n
  1. Abdulkarim Fazliy Namangoniy. \u201cMajmuai shoiron\u201d \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \/\/ yana qarang: O\u02bbzR FA SHI Islom ilmlariga oid manbalar va nashri granti asosida nashrga tavsiya etilgan. Abdulkarim Fazliy Namongoniy. \u2116\u2026\u201cMajmuai shoiron\u201d tuzuvchi Baxrom Abduxalimov. \u2013T., Fan. 2018.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Qori Rahmatulloh Vozeh. \u201cTuhfatul ahbob fi tazkiratil as\u02bchob\u201d \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma, O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \u2116 2336\/1. \u2013 145 v. Yana qarang: Xadi-Zade R. Istochniki k izucheniyu tadjikskoy literatur\u044b vtoroy polovin\u044b XIX veka. \u2013 Stalinabad, 1956.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. R.Hodizoda, U.Karimov, S.Sa\u02bcdiyev. Adabiyoti tojik: Asrxoi XVI-XIX va ibtidoi asri XX. \u2013 Dushanbe: Maorif, 1988. Sah. 372,407. Yana qarang: Majmuai shoiron. \u2013T.: Ilin bosmaxonasi, 1902.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Muhammad Siddiq Hashmat, Tazkiratush shuaro \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma, O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \u2116 138 v. 2252\/I.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Abdulazim Shar\u02bciy. \u201cTazkirai shuaroi Abdulazim Shar\u02bciy\u201d \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \u2116 3396\/III.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Ne\u02bcmatulla Muhtaram \u201cTazkirai Hoji Ne\u02bcmatulloh Muhtaram \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma, O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv\u2116 2252\/II. 178b<\/sup>,: yana qarang S.Ayni. Namunai adabiyoti tochik.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Abdumutallib Faxmiy. Tazkirai Faxmiy \/\/ Qo\u02bblyozma. O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \u2116 2331\/I.74v. \u2013 174 v.yana qarang: B.Valixo\u02bbjayev. O\u02bbzbek adabiyotshunosligi tarixi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Xadi-zade R. Istochniki po istorii izucheniya tadjikskoy literatur\u044b konsa XIX-nachala XX vv. \u2013Dushanbe.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Shuaroi mutaaxxirin, 332b\u00a0<\/sup>varaq.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. O\u02bbzR FA Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi sharqshunoslik qo\u02bblyozmalar instituti. Inv. \u21161304.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. A.Murodov. O\u02bbrta Osiyo xattotlik tarixidan. \u2013 T., 1971.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Xasanmurod Laffasiy. Xiva shoir va adabiyotchilarining tarjimai xollari \/\/ Toshbosma O\u02bbzR FA SHI fondi. Inv. \u2116 1900.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    [1]<\/a>\u00a0Tazkira \u2013 arabcha \u201czikr etish\u201d, tilga olish, eslash ma\u02bcnosini bildiradi.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [2]<\/a>\u00a0Sadr Ziyo. Tazkiratush shuaro mutaqaddimin, 272a<\/sup>\u00a0varaqda Ibn Sino, 272b<\/sup>\u00a0varaqda Xo\u02bbja Nizomulmulk haqida ma\u02bclumot berilgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
    [3]<\/a>\u00a0Tazkiraning to\u02bbliq nomi \u201cShuaroi mutaaxxirin va fuzaloi muosirini roqimi adim-ul qadr Ziyoi Sadr\u201d bo\u02bblib, uning nusxasi O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Sharqshunoslik instituti fondida \u21162193 raqam ostida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/div>\n
    Latofat XOLNAZAROVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Islom Karimov nomidagi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti t.f.n.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston tarixi\u201d kafedrasi dotsenti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tazkiralar[1]\u00a0turkiy va musulmon olamida, xususan, Turkiya, Turon va Eron zaminida turli tarixiy davrlarda yashab o\u02bbtgan shoirlar va ularning she\u02bcrlari jamlangan majmua sifatida doimo qadrlangan va maxsus yo\u02bbnalish sifatida rivojlanib kelgan. Tazkiralar O\u02bbrta Osiyoda ham ko\u02bbp asrlik tarixga ega, ularning katta qismi shoirlarning ijodiga bag\u02bbishlangan bo\u02bblsa-da, orasida olimlar, hukmdorlar, diniy ulamolar, sheriyat peshvolarining tarixi va faoliyatiga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nO\u02bbRTA OSIYO XONLIKLARIDA TAZKIRANAVIS IJODKORLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO XONLIKLARIDA TAZKIRANAVIS IJODKORLAR\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21942&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u02bbRTA OSIYO XONLIKLARIDA TAZKIRANAVIS IJODKORLAR - 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