{"id":21316,"date":"2022-04-13T11:15:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T06:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=21316"},"modified":"2022-04-13T11:15:49","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T06:15:49","slug":"sivilizatsiyalararo-muloqotning-falsafiy-sin%d0%b5rg%d0%b5tik-mohiyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21316&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"SIVILIZATSIYALARARO MULOQOTNING FALSAFIY-SIN\u0415RG\u0415TIK MOHIYATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Biz globallashuv jarayonlari shiddat bilan rivojlanib borayotgan XXI asrda, sivilizatsiyalar, madaniyatlar, qadriyatlar bir-biriga yaqinlashayotgan, bir-birini anglayotgan, bir-biri bilan musobaqalashayotgan bir davrda yashamoqdamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalaning asl mohiyatini o\u02bbz manfaatlari doirasida tushunuvchi ayrim siyosatchilar \u201csivilizatsiyalar to\u02bbqnashuvi\u201d ro\u02bby bermoqda, deb vahima solishga urinmoqda. Aslida dunyo sivilizatsiyalari endi-endi biri-birini tushuna boshlamoqda. Bu jarayonga qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatayotgan hukmdor kuchlar manfaat talashib, dunyo ustidan hukmronlik qilish ilinji bilan yashamoqda. Bu kurash oqibatida begunoh insonlar jabr ko\u02bbrmoqda, boshpanasidan, yaqinlaridan, vatanidan judo bo\u02bblmoqda. Bunday kuchlar tufayli inson huquqlari, adolat va haqiqat poymol bo\u02bblmoqda. Zo\u02bbravonlik, mushtumzo\u02bbrlik, odamlarni sarosimaga solish, o\u02bbzgalarning mustaqilligiga, erkinligiga tahdid qilish avj olmoqda. Bunday toifadagi kishilar insof va diyonat degan insoniy tuyg\u02bbulardan, andisha va sharmu-hayodan begona kimsalardir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sivilizatsiyalararo muloqotni kuchaytirish, madaniyatlar va urf-odatlarni bir-biriga yaqinlashtirish, uyg\u02bbunlashtirish insoniyat kelajagi uchun muhim ahamiyatga egadir. Chunki, tarixdan ma\u02bclumki, ko\u02bbpgina mojarolarning ildizida bir-birini yaxshi anglay olmaslik yotadi. Bu borada sivilizatsiyalararo to\u02bbg\u02bbri muloqotni shakllantirish zarur bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Insoniyat turli sivilizatsiyalar to\u02bbplamidan tashkil topgan. Ularni mazmunan, makon va zamon jihatidan har xil guruhlarga ajratish mumkin. Zamonaviy sivilizatsiyalar, antik sivilizatsiyalar, o\u02bbrta asrlar va yangi davr sivilizatsiyalari bir-biridan \u2013 vaqt bo\u02bbyicha farq qilsa, sharq va g\u02bbarb, shimol va janub xalqlari sivilizatsiyalari jug\u02bbrofiy joylashishi bilan ajralib turadi. Mazmunan esa ular milliy va diniy sivilizatsiyalarga bo\u02bblinadi. Diniy konfessiyalarga va turli xil millat, elat va xalqlarga mansub insonlarning o\u02bbziga xosligini ifodalovchi sivilizatsiyalar vakillari ham turlichadir. Masalan, turkiy sivilizatsiya xalqlari buddizmga, islomga, xristianlikka, shomonizmga va hatto yahudolikka ham e\u02bctiqod qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yevropa qit\u02bcasida yashovchi xalqlarning ko\u02bbpchiligi nasroniydir. Osiyo qit\u02bcasida asosan musulmon sivilizatsiyasi, hinduizm, konfutsiylik, sintoizm sivilizatsiyalari vakillari istiqomat\u00a0qiladi<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0Yahudiylikka mansub insonlar barcha qit\u02bcalarda bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xristian sivilizatsiyasi katoliklar, pravoslavlar va protestantlarga ajraladi. Shuningdek, arman-apostol cherkovi va gruzin-antioxiya cherkovi vakillari xristian sivilizatsiyasi tarkibiga kiradi. Ammo ular o\u02bbziga xos milliy xususiyatga egadir. Arman-apostol cherkovi vakillari ham butun yer yuzasi bo\u02bbylab tarqalgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dunyoda buddistlar, shomonga e\u02bctiqod qiluvchilar ham ibtidoiy totemizm, urug\u02bbchilik, animizm va boshqa turli-tuman diniy konfessiyalar vakillari ham hayot kechirmoqda. Ular bir-birini anglashi uchun, avvalo, bir-birini hurmat qilishi va bir-birini tushunishga intilishi lozim bo\u02bbladi. Qadimda ularning o\u02bbzaro munosabatlarida bir-birini kamsitish, bir-birini haqoratlash ustuvorlik qilgan bo\u02bblsa, endilikda sivilizatsiyalar asta-sekin bir-birini anglashga, e\u02bctiqodini hurmat qilishga va bir-birini tushunishga intila boshladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida sivilizatsiyalararo munosabatlar nihoyatda chigal va murakkab ekanini ta\u02bckidlagan edik. Ular bir-biri bilan tarixiy kelib chiqishi, buyuk shaxslari va moddiy boyliklari bilan musobaqalashgan, shu asosda bir-birini kamsitgan va o\u02bbzlarini oliy martabali xalq deb bir-biriga maqtangan. Keyingi asrlarda harbiy qudrati bilan bir-biriga po\u02bbpisa qilish odati ham vujudga keldi. Bu munosabat ayniqsa hozirgi zamon geosiyosiy jarayonlariga xos xususiyatga aylangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz bu maqolada hozirgi murakkab dunyo va undagi aloqadorliklarni falsafiy-sinergetik yondashuv orqali anglab olish va tizimga solish mumkinligini asoslashga harakat qilamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geosiyosiy jarayonlardagi sivilizatsiyalararo muloqotlarning murakkab jihatlarini faqat nochiziqli \u2013 sinergetik tafakkur bilangina anglab yetish, ularning oqibat yo istiqboli haqida to\u02bbg\u02bbri xulosalar chiqarish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nochiziqli tafakkur \u2013 chiziqli tafakkurning qurbi yetmaydigan murakkab jarayon, hodisa va obyektlarni yanada chuqurroq, aniqroq ko\u02bbrish imkonini beradi[1]<\/a>. Dunyo murakkab va nochiziqli jarayonlar bilan limmo-limdir. Bu dunyoni to\u02bblaroq anglash uchun sinergetik yondashuvga tayanish zarur bo\u02bbladi. Bunday yondashuv keskin, katastrofik hodisalarni, kutilmagan portlash jarayonlarini, tasodifiy fuluktuatsion o\u02bbzgarishlar sabablarini ham tahlil etish imkonini beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bugungi dunyo ham, unda ro\u02bby berayotgan keskin, katastrofik o\u02bbzgarishlar ham uning nihoyatda murakkabligidan, nochiziqli tabiatga egaligidan, ko\u02bbp tarmoqli, chigal aloqadorliklar bilan bog\u02bblanganidan dalolat beradi. Bunday reallikning asl mohiyatini sinergetik metodologiya vositasiga tayanib ochish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sivilizatsiyalararo muloqotning falsafiy-sinergetik mohiyati nimada? Bu, eng avvalo, shu davrda parallel mavjud bo\u02bblgan sivilizatsiyalar o\u02bbrtasidagi o\u02bbzaro munosabatlarning nihoyatda murakkabligida, bir-biri bilan qavatma-qavat birlashib ketganligida. Diniy konfessiyalar, milliy va siyosiy guruhlar o\u02bbrtasidagi gegemonlik uchun kurash hamon davom etmoqda. Ularning liderlari bir-birini anglashga, tushunishga intilmaydi. Ayrim hollarda esa bir konfessiya ichida ham bo\u02bblinish, tarmoqlanish vujudga kelishi, ular o\u02bbrtasida yechilmas ziddiyatlar vujudga kelishi mumkin. Masalan, islomda soxta salafiylik vakillari o\u02bbzidan boshqa musulmonlarni kofirlikda, musulmonlik qoidalarini ado etmaslikda ayblaydi. Ular:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Qur\u02bconi karim va sunnatdagi qoidalarni so\u02bbzma-so\u02bbz tushunib, ko\u02bbr-ko\u02bbrona amal qilish orqali boshqa manbalarni botilga chiqaradi;<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0\u201ctakfir\u201d (kufrda ayblash) va \u201chijrat\u201d (vatanni tark etish) masalasini ilgari suradi;<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0fiqhiy mazhablarni inkor qilib, mazhabsizlikni targ\u02bbib qiladi;<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0tasavvuf, urf-odat va milliy qadriyatlarni inkor etadi;<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0g\u02bbayridinlarga o\u02bbta toqatsiz munosabatda bo\u02bblib, diniy bag\u02bbrikenglikni yoqlamaydi;<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0har qanday yangilikni \u201cbid\u02bcat\u201d hisoblab, uni rad etadi<\/strong>[2]<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Ularning asosiy maqsadi \u2013 diniy e\u02bctiqod tartibini salaflar yashagan davrdagi holatga ko\u02bbchirishdan iboratdir. Bunday musulmonlarga hukmronlik qiluvchi, yo\u02bbl-yo\u02bbriq ko\u02bbrsatuvchi kuchlar islomning konservativlashishi, parchalanib, bir-biriga qarama-qarshi kuchlarga bo\u02bblinib ketishidan manfaatdordir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xristianlarning uch oqimga ajralib ketishi zamirida ham hokimiyatda mavqe talashish sabab bo\u02bblgan. Pravoslavlar bilan katoliklar, katoliklar bilan protestantlar hozirgacha pinhona jang olib boradi. Islomdagi hanafiylar va shialar o\u02bbrtasidagi ziddiyat siyosiy hokimiyat talashish oqibatida yuzaga kelgan. Shayx Muhammad Yusufning yozishicha: \u201c\u201cShiy\u02bca\u201d so\u02bbzi lug\u02bbatda, \u201ctarafkash\u201d ma\u02bcnosini anglatadi. Islom olamida, hazrati Ali (r.a.)ga tarafkashlik oqibatida ko\u02bbpchilik musulmonlardan ajralib, alohida yo\u02bbl tutgan toifaga shiy\u02bca deb aytiladi. Aslida, shiy\u02bca mazhabining kelib chiqishiga siyosiy ixtiloflar sabab bo\u02bblgan. Uchinchi xalifa hazrati Usmon (r.a.)ning vafotidan so\u02bbng kelib chiqqan qarama-qarshiliklarning bir tomonida hazrati Ali ibn Abi Tolib (karamullohu vajhahu) bo\u02bbldi. Uning tarafdorlari keyinchalik shiy\u02bca mazhabini keltirib chiqardi. Hazrati Ali (r.a.)ning o\u02bbzi bu gaplardan bexabar o\u02bbtgan. Xulosa shuki, shiy\u02bcalik avvaldan o\u02bbylab, rejalashtirib tuzilgan harakat yoki mazhab emas, balki siyosiy tarafkashlik oqibatida muxolif tomonga zid o\u02bblaroq, asta-sekin shakllangan bir mazhabdir\u201d[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu misollar sivilizatsiyalararo muloqotning o\u02bbta nozikligidan, serqirraligidan, ko\u02bbp yo\u02bbnalishga, tarmoqlanishga egaligidan dalolat beradi. Bu reallik sinergetika obyektidir. Sinergetik tahlil asosida islom va xristianlik, islom va buddizm, xristianlik va yahudolik, buddizm va konfutsiylik, hinduizm va sintoizm o\u02bbrtasidagi ziddiyatlar mohiyatini, ularni bir-biri bilan kelishtirish yo\u02bbllarini ham topish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hozirgi zamon konfliktologiyasi vakillari[4]<\/a>\u00a0sinergetik tamoyillarga tayangan holda bular qatoriga quyidagi usullarni kiritadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 bag\u02bbrikenglik (tolerantlik)ka tayanish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 umumiy manfaatlarini birlashtirish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 bir maqsadga yo\u02bbnaltirish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 bir birini anglab yetish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 xalal beruvchi to\u02bbsiqlarni yo\u02bbqotish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 siyosiylashuvni bartaraf qilish;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 bir-birining ichki ishlariga aralashmaslik;<\/span><\/div>\n
\u2013 oqilona neytralitet va boshqalar.<\/span><\/div>\n

Hozirgi paytda ayrim davlatlar gegemonlik da\u02bcvosi bilan butun dunyoni majburan o\u02bbz ta\u02bcsir doirasiga kiritishga intilmoqda. Bu borada bo\u02bbysunmaydigan davlatlar \u201cjazolanyapti\u201d, ularning hududida qurolli mojarolar yuzaga kelyapti. Bunday kuchlar xalqaro huquq normalarini pisand qilmaydi, kerak bo\u02bblsa, noqonuniy, jinoiy yo\u02bbllar bilan dunyoga tahdid solishdan qaytmaydi.[5]<\/a>\u00a0Bu holat, ya\u02bcni xalqaro etiket normalariga bepisandlik, endigina taraqqiyot yo\u02bbli sari qadam tashlagan mamlakatlarni mensimaslik bunday xalqlarning aynan sivilizatsion taraqqiyot darajasi hali o\u02bbta pastligidan, dunyoqarashining primitivligidan dalolat beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sivilizatsiyalararo munosabatlar, xoh siyosiy yo\u02bbnalishda, xoh diniy-konfessional yo\u02bbnalishda bo\u02bblsin, oxir-oqibatda bir-birini anglashga, bir-birining haq-huquq va qadriyatlarini hurmat qilishga olib borishi lozim. Bunga erishish uchun o\u02bbzaro muloqotlar intensivlashishi va oqilona tamoyillarga tayanishi, madaniy saviya ko\u02bbtarilishi, bag\u02bbrikenglik g\u02bboyalariga rioya qilinishi lozim bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Insoniyat taraqqiyotining \u201cinson bir-biriga bo\u02bbri\u201d degan tamoyilga tayanish davri o\u02bbtgan asrlarda tugadi. Pulning, oltinning hukmronligi o\u02bbz o\u02bbrnini axborot (informatsiya) hukmronligiga bo\u02bbshatib berdi. Insoniyat sivilizatsiyasi taraqqiyotining hozirgi bosqichida na jismoniy, na harbiy kuch bilan dunyoni egallab bo\u02bbladi. Hozirgi paytda axborot, axborot texnologiyalarining o\u02bbrni nihoyatda oshib ketdi. Kim bu bilan yaxshi qurollangan bo\u02bblsa, uni inson manfaati, mamlakat farovonligi uchun mohirona yo\u02bbnaltira olsa \u2013 o\u02bbsha kuchlidir, degan tamoyil amal qilmoqda. Informatsion texnologiya faqat aql-idrok, intellekt bilan boshqariladi. Bu intellekt gumanistik maqsadga yo\u02bbnaltirilishi, inson manfaatlari va jamiyat farovonligi uchun xizmat qilishi lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intellektning mohiyatida ikki xil dilemma mavjud: bunyodkorlik va vayronkorlik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Agar aql-idrok, intellekt oliy, gumanistik, insonparvarlikka yo\u02bbnaltirilmasa, vayronkorlikka, buzg\u02bbunchilik, zo\u02bbravonlik maqsadlariga xizmat qilishi mumkin. Shu sababli sinergetik tamoyil bo\u02bbyicha bugungi kunning oliy maqsadi\u00a0intellektual kuchlarni insoniyat farovonligi uchun yer yuzini gullatib-yashnatish sari yo\u02bbnaltirishdan iboratdir. Bu aql-idrokni gumanistik yo\u02bblga boshlash yo\u02bblidir. Bu ma\u02bcnaviyat yo\u02bblidir.<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Qachonki aql-idrok, intellektni ma\u02bcnaviyat yetaklasa, aql bunyodkor kuchga aylanadi. Shundagina qonunlar oyoqosti bo\u02bblmaydi, adolat toptalmaydi, qadriyatlar haqorat qilinmaydi, zaiflar ezilmaydi, zo\u02bbravonlar haddidan oshmaydi!<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang: Turayev B.O. Sinergetika: asosiy tushunchalar va qonuniyatlari \/\/ Sinergetika-2: nazariya va amaliyot.Toshkent: FAN ZIYOSI, 2022. B.8-36.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Karimov J. \u201cSalafiylar\u201d yoxud Islom niqobi ostidagi dinbuzarlar \/\/ https:\/\/religions.uz\/news\/detail?id=1203<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf<\/em>.\u00a0<\/em>Shiya \u2013 shiy\u02bca haqida \/\/ https:\/\/savollar.islom.uz\/s\/1798<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang:\u00a0Darendorf R.<\/em>\u00a0Element\u044b teorii sotsialnogo konflikta\u00a0(rus.)\u00a0\/\/\u00a0Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya<\/a>.\u00a0\u2014 1994.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0\u2116 5.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0S. 142\u2014147;\u00a0Kozer L.<\/em>\u00a0Funksii sotsialnogo konflikta.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0M.: Ideya-Press, Dom intellektualnoy knigi, 2000.\u00a0\u2014 S.\u00a062.\u00a0\u2014 208\u00a0s.;\u00a0Sharkov F.I., Speranskiy V.I.<\/em>\u00a0Ob\u0449aya konfliktologiya \/ Pod ob\u0449yey redaksiyey F.I. Sharkova.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0M.: Izdatelsko-torgovaya korporatsiya \u201cDashkov i Ko\u201d, 2016.\u00a0\u2014 S.\u00a026.\u00a0\u2014 240\u00a0s.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0ISBN 978-5-394-02402-3<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Isayev B. A.<\/em>\u00a0Geopolitika.\u00a0\u2014 Piter, 2005.; Otamurodov S. Globallashuv va milliy ma\u02bcnaviy xavfsizlik.- Toshkent: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2013.454b.<\/span><\/div>\n
Prof.Turayev B.O.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
falsafa fanlari doktori, professor,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasi huzuridagi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi direktori<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0Bosh maslahatchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biz globallashuv jarayonlari shiddat bilan rivojlanib borayotgan XXI asrda, sivilizatsiyalar, madaniyatlar, qadriyatlar bir-biriga yaqinlashayotgan, bir-birini anglayotgan, bir-biri bilan musobaqalashayotgan bir davrda yashamoqdamiz. Masalaning asl mohiyatini o\u02bbz manfaatlari doirasida tushunuvchi ayrim siyosatchilar \u201csivilizatsiyalar to\u02bbqnashuvi\u201d ro\u02bby bermoqda, deb vahima solishga urinmoqda. Aslida dunyo sivilizatsiyalari endi-endi biri-birini tushuna boshlamoqda. Bu jarayonga qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatayotgan hukmdor kuchlar manfaat talashib, dunyo …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSIVILIZATSIYALARARO MULOQOTNING FALSAFIY-SIN\u0415RG\u0415TIK MOHIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21316&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SIVILIZATSIYALARARO MULOQOTNING FALSAFIY-SIN\u0415RG\u0415TIK MOHIYATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biz globallashuv jarayonlari shiddat bilan rivojlanib borayotgan XXI asrda, sivilizatsiyalar, madaniyatlar, qadriyatlar bir-biriga yaqinlashayotgan, bir-birini anglayotgan, bir-biri bilan musobaqalashayotgan bir davrda yashamoqdamiz. Masalaning asl mohiyatini o\u02bbz manfaatlari doirasida tushunuvchi ayrim siyosatchilar \u201csivilizatsiyalar to\u02bbqnashuvi\u201d ro\u02bby bermoqda, deb vahima solishga urinmoqda. Aslida dunyo sivilizatsiyalari endi-endi biri-birini tushuna boshlamoqda. 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