{"id":21236,"date":"2022-04-09T16:08:48","date_gmt":"2022-04-09T11:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=21236"},"modified":"2022-04-09T16:19:52","modified_gmt":"2022-04-09T11:19:52","slug":"t%d0%b5mur-tuzuklari-odillik-va-adolat-huquq-va-ma%ca%bcnaviyat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21236&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cT\u0415MUR TUZUKLARI\u201d: ODILLIK VA ADOLAT, HUQUQ VA MA\u02bcNAVIYAT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tuzuk nima?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTuzuk\u201d so\u02bbzining lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnosi qonun-qoidalar to\u02bbplami, nizom, degan ma\u02bcnolarni anglatadi. Boshqacha aytganda, tuzuk \u2014 konstitutsiya (lotincha \u201cConstitution\u201d \u2014 tuzilish, tuzuk), ya\u02bcni davlatning Asosiy qonuni. Shu ma\u02bcnoda \u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201d Sharq va Osiyo mamlakatlari sivilizatsiyasiga xos alohida shakldagi konstitutsiyaviy hujjat xususiyatiga ega bo\u02bblib, Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasi xalqlari taqdiriga shariat qonunlari bilan bir qatorda kuchli ta\u02bcsir o\u02bbtkazgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atoqli rus olimi D.Logofet \u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201dga Turkistonda Yevropadan 500 yillar oldin vujudga kelgan Konstitutsiyaviy kodeks, boshqacha aytganda, Amir Temur saltanatining Konstitutsiyasi, deb yuksak baho bergan. Binobarin, mustaqillikning dastlabki yillari Konstitutsiyamiz loyihasining muhokamasi davrida<\/span><\/p>\n

Asosiy qonunimizni \u201cTuzuklar\u201d deb atash tavsiya etilgani ham bejiz emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temurning davlat\u00a0<\/strong>boshqaruvi tizimi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sohibqiron ilgarigi davrlardan farqli holda, jamiyatdagi barcha tabaqalarning haq-huquqlari va manfaatlarini inobatga olib, ularning hayoti uchun zarur ijtimoiy zaminni vujudga keltirgan. Har bir toifaning haq-huquklari, burch va majburiyatlari o\u02bbziga xos qonun bilan kafolatlab qo\u02bbyilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temurning ulkan xizmatlaridan yana biri davlat boshqaruvini tashkil qilish bilan bog\u02bbliq. Hokimiyatning qonun chiqaruvchi va ijroiya tarmoqlariga bo\u02bblinishiga asoslangan mazkur tizimni joriy etishda Amir Temur ko\u02bbr-ko\u02bbrona emas, balki o\u02bbzi yashab turgan voqelikni nazarda tutgan holda ish yuritgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur oliy davlat idorasi maqomida qurultoyni belgilagan. Bugungi tushunchadagi kongress, assambleya, majlis, syezd kabilarga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladigan ushbu siyosiy institut boshqaruv mahkamasi va davlat ahamiyatiga molik bo\u02bblgan eng asosiy masalalarni hal etib, unda saltanatdagi barcha yirik siyosiy, iqtisodiy, harbiy va madaniy soha namoyondalari ishtirok etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davlatni mustahkamlash, jamiyatni rivojlantirish borasida ijro etuvchi tizim \u2014 vazirliklarning o\u02bbrni muhim bo\u02bblgan Amir Temur davrida siyosiy, ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy, huquqiy, madaniy munosabatlarni to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyib, ulardan jamiyat manfaati yo\u02bblida foydalanish uchun qat\u02bciy intizomga asoslangan, talabchan ijroiya mexanizmi zarur edi. Sohibqiron ana shunday tizimni yarata olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur saltanatining ijro etuvchi tizimidagi sakkiz vazirlik va yana bir necha muassasalar moliya, soliqlar, daromad va xarajatlar, mulkchilik, yetishtiriladigan hosil, chorva, yaylovlar ahvoli, obodonchilik, xabar va pochta, harbiy va adliya sohalarini boshqargan. Masalan, harbiy ishlar vazirligi harbiylarga maosh berish, ularga tegishli mulklarni boshqarish, qurol-aslaha ta\u02bcminoti, harbiy mashqlarni tashkil etish kabi vazifalar bilan bir qatorda, iste\u02bcfoga chiqqan, urushda yarador bo\u02bblib, mehnat qobiliyatini yo\u02bbqotganlarga nafaqa belgilash kabi yumushlarni ham bajargan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sohibqironning\u00a0<\/strong>12 muhim tuzugi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbz navbatida, \u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201d asari davlatni idora qilish usullari, qo\u02bbshinni tashkil etish qoidalari, urushlarda amalga oshirilishi zarur bo\u02bblgan turli harbiy uslublar singari qator siyosiy, huquqiy, harbiy va axloqiy g\u02bboyalar va me\u02bcyorlarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201dning markazida inson, uning qadr-qimmatini joyiga qo\u02bbyish turadi. Shu ma\u02bcnoda Sohibqironning huquqiy qarashlarida mamlakat ishlari tuzuki alohida ahamiyatga egadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSaltanat ishlarini qonun va qoidalar, to\u02bbra va tuzukka solib, saltanatim martabayu e\u02bctiborini saqladim\u201d, deyiladi \u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201dda. Unda saltanat obro\u02bb-martabasini saqlashga doir quyidagi to\u02bbrtta asosiy tuzuk sanab o\u02bbtilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBirinchidan, saltanatim qonun-qoidalarini islom dini va kishilarning eng xayrlisi (hazrati Muhammad)ning shariatiga bog\u02bblab, izzatu hurmatlash vojib bo\u02bblgan onhazratning avlodi va sahobalariga muhabbat bildirish asosida tuzdim. Saltanatim martabasini to\u02bbra va tuzuklar asosida shunday saqladimki, uning ishlariga aralashishga hech bir kimsaning qurbi yetmasdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikkinchidan, sipohu raiyatni umid va qo\u02bbrquv orasida saqladim. Do\u02bbst-dushmanni murosayu madora martabasida tutdim. Qilmishlarini, aytgan gaplarini sabr-toqat va chidam bilan o\u02bbtkazdiim. Do\u02bbst-dushmandan kimki menga iltijo qilib kelsa, do\u02bbstlarga shunday muomala qildimki, do\u02bbstligi yanada ortdi, dushmanlarga esa, shunday munosabatda bo\u02bbldimki, ularning dushmanligi do\u02bbstlikka aylandi\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Uchinchidan, hech kimdan o\u02bbch olish payida bo\u02bblmadim. Tuzimni totib, menga yomonlik qilganlarni Parvardigori olamga topshirdim. Ish ko\u02bbrgan, sinalgan, shijoatli er-yigitlarni qoshimda tutdim. Sofdil kishilar, sayyidlar, olimlar va fozillarga dargohim doim ochiq edi. Nafsi yomon himmatsizlarni, ko\u02bbngli buzuq qo\u02bbrqoqlarni majlisimdan quvib yubordim.<\/span><\/p>\n

To\u02bbrtinchidan, ochiq yuzlilik, rahm-shafqat bilan xalqni o\u02bbzimga rom qildim. Adolat bilan ish yuritib, jabr-zulmdan uzoqrokda bo\u02bblishga intildim\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201dda davlat boshqaruvining har bir sohasi va har qaysi mansab darajasi bo\u02bbyicha muayyan tuzuklar bitilgan. Amir Temur 12 ta eng muhim tuzukni o\u02bbziga shior qilib olgan va saltanatni tasarrufida saqlash uchun ularga qat\u02bciy amal qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shunday qilib, 27 mamlakatdan tarkib topgan buyuk saltanat asoschisi Sohibqiron Amir Temur ibn Tarag\u02bbay yirik davlat arbobi, mohir diplomat, ulug\u02bb sarkarda, ilmu madaniyat homiysi, haq va adolatning jasoratli yalovbardori sifatida milliy davlatchilikda, huquq va siyosat sohasida o\u02bbzidan unutilmas va barhayot ta\u02bclimotlar, to\u02bbra-tuzuklar qoldirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temurning huquqiy qarashlari va qonunchilik tizimi butun Temuriylar saltanatida hayotning barcha jabhalarida o\u02bbz aksini topib, ulkan amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblgan. Jumladan, Buyuk Ipak yo\u02bbli xavfsizligini ta\u02bcminlashga xizmat qilganki, bu bilan savdo-tijorat rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan Sharqu G\u02bbarb mamlakatlarini bir-biriga yanada yaqinlashtirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qonunga asoslangan tizimning ahamiyatini chuqur anglagan Amir Temur haqli ravishda \u201cKuch \u2014 adolatda\u201d degan oliy me\u02bcyorni o\u02bbziga shior qilib olgan va hatto ushbu hikmatni uzuk-muhriga o\u02bbyib yozdirgan. Bu haqda Ibn Arabshoh shunday guvohdik beradi: \u201cTemur tamg\u02bbasining naqshi \u201cRosti rasti\u201d bo\u02bblib, bu \u201chaqgo\u02bby bo\u02bblsang, najot topasan\u201d demakdir\u201d. Sohibqironning bu purhikmat so\u02bbzlari bugun ham qudratli demokratik huquqiy davlat qurish uchun asosiy yo\u02bbllanma hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur asos solgan buyuk davlat o\u02bbzining turli bosqichlarida \u2014 ham Turon, ham Xuroson, ham Eron, ham Hindistonda adolat me\u02bcyorlariga asoslangan tuzum sifatida olam ahlining diqqatini o\u02bbziga tortib, hanuz tarixiy ahamiyatini yo\u02bbqotmagan. Bugungi kunda Sohibqironning sud va qonunchilikka munosabati ham alohida o\u02bbrnak vazifasini o\u02bbtaydi. Zero, bundan olti asr burun Movarounnahr sud tizimida o\u02bbziga xos tartib va qoidalar mavjud bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston istiqlolga erishgach, Amir Temur shaxsi yana Vatan va millat timsoliga aylandi. Amir Temur nomi, uning siymosi xalqimizni birlashtirish, jipslashtirish, iymon-oqibatli bo\u02bblish, qudratli kelajagimizni qurishda bizga yangi-yangi kuch-quvvat va shijoat bag\u02bbishlab turibdi. Zero, ma\u02bcnaviyatimizning eng teran o\u02bbq tomirlaridan biri \u2014 ulug\u02bb zot Amir Temur siymosidir. Sohibqiron siymosi insoniyat tarixida bizgacha bo\u02bblgan, bizdan keyin ham bo\u02bbladigan katta bir olamshumul voqelikdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

A. SAIDOV,<\/span><\/div>\n
Inson hukuqlari bo\u02bbyicha O\u02bbzbekiston Respublikasi Milliy markazi direktori<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tuzuk nima? \u201cTuzuk\u201d so\u02bbzining lug\u02bbaviy ma\u02bcnosi qonun-qoidalar to\u02bbplami, nizom, degan ma\u02bcnolarni anglatadi. Boshqacha aytganda, tuzuk \u2014 konstitutsiya (lotincha \u201cConstitution\u201d \u2014 tuzilish, tuzuk), ya\u02bcni davlatning Asosiy qonuni. Shu ma\u02bcnoda \u201cTemur tuzuklari\u201d Sharq va Osiyo mamlakatlari sivilizatsiyasiga xos alohida shakldagi konstitutsiyaviy hujjat xususiyatiga ega bo\u02bblib, Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasi xalqlari taqdiriga shariat qonunlari bilan bir qatorda kuchli ta\u02bcsir …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cT\u0415MUR TUZUKLARI\u201d: ODILLIK VA ADOLAT, HUQUQ VA MA\u02bcNAVIYAT - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cT\u0415MUR TUZUKLARI\u201d: ODILLIK VA ADOLAT, HUQUQ VA MA\u02bcNAVIYAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=21236&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cT\u0415MUR TUZUKLARI\u201d: ODILLIK VA ADOLAT, HUQUQ VA MA\u02bcNAVIYAT - 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