{"id":20657,"date":"2022-03-07T10:37:11","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T05:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=20657"},"modified":"2022-03-04T11:38:17","modified_gmt":"2022-03-04T06:38:17","slug":"atvoquz-zahabning-ikki-nodir-qo%ca%bblyozma-nusxasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20657&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ko\u02bbhna Xorazm zaminidan dunyo taraqqiyoti, ilm-fanning rivoji va takomillashuviga ulkan hissasini qo\u02bbshgan ko\u02bbplab allomalar yetishib chiqqan. Ana shunday allomalardan biri Mahmud Zamaxshariydir. To\u02bbliq ismi \u2013 Abulqosim Mahmud ibn Umar ibn Muhammad Zamaxshariy. Hijriy 467 yili rajab oyining yigirma yettinchisida \u2013 chorshanba kuni Xorazm vohasining Zamaxshar (Izmixshir) qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. Bu milodiy 1075 yilning 19 martiga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi. Lekin ba\u02bczi tarixchilar uning tavalludini 1074 yil deb yozadi [4:5]. Aslida esa, 467 hijriy yilning birinchi to\u02bbrt oyi 1074 yilga kiradi. Yettinchi oy bo\u02bblmish rajabning birinchi kuni 1075 yil 19 fevral \u2013 payshanbaga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi. Mahmud Zamaxshariy hijriy 538 yili 71 yoshida Jurjoniya (Urganch)da vafot etgan [1:6].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariyning hayoti va ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrganish bo\u02bbyicha keng qamrovli tadqiqotlar mustaqillikdan so\u02bbng amalga oshirila boshlandi. Bu borada katta ishlarni amalga oshirgan Alibek Rustamov, Ubaydulla Uvatov, Ahadjon Hasanov, Zohidjon Islomov kabi o\u02bbnga olimimizni sanab o\u02bbtish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariy tafsir, hadis, fiqh, lug\u02bbatshunoslik, tilshunoslik, adabiyot, aruz, she\u02bcriyat, odob-axloq, mantiq va jug\u02bbrofiya kabi fanlarga oid yetmishdan ortiq asar yozgan. Aksariyati bizgacha yetib kelgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning mashhur asarlaridan biri\u00a0\u201c<\/em>Atvoquz zahab fil mavoiz val xutob\u201d (\u201cO\u02bbgit va nasihatlarning oltin shodalari\u201d), ya\u02bcni nasihatomuz maqolalar to\u02bbplami bo\u02bblib, u qisqacha qilib \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201d (\u201cOltin shodalar\u201d) deyiladi. Zamaxshariy taxminan 1130 yilda Makka shahriga safar qilib, Baytulloh \u2013 Ka\u02bcbani tavof qiladi va har bir tavofdan so\u02bbng, bir maqola yozadi. Shu tariqa yuz marta tavof qilib, yuz maqoladan iborat \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201d asarini tasnif qiladi. Bu asar saj\u02bc (vaznga tushmaydigan qofiyali so\u02bbz) janrida (usulida) yozilgan bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbzidagi ma\u02bcnoli hikmatlari va fasohatli mavzulari bilan alohida ajralib turadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAtvoquz zahabdagi izohtalab joylarga sharhlar bitgan Muhammad Said Rafoiy Kutubiy bunday ta\u02bcrif beradi: \u201cImom Zamaxshariy yozgan \u201cAtvoquz zahab fil mavoiz val xutob\u201d mav\u02bcizalarining purma\u02bcnoligi va o\u02bbquvchini o\u02bbziga tortishi bilan boshqa kitoblardan alohida ajralib turadi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu asar bir necha tillarga tarjima qilingan. Birinchi marta 1835 yili nemis olimi Fon Xomer nemis tiliga o\u02bbgirib, arab tilidagi matni bilan nashr etgan. Ellik yildan keyin fransuzchaga ham tarjima qilinib, 1886 yili Parijda chop etilgan. 1873 yili esa turk tiliga tarjima qilinib, Istanbulda nashr etilgan. Mustaqillikning dastlabki yillarida ona tilimizga ham o\u02bbgirilib, nashr qilindi [5:25].<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariy hayotiy va ilmiy tajribasidan kelib chiqib, odilu zolim podshohlar, insofliyu noinsof amaldorlar, taqvodoru firibgar savdogarlar, tolibi ilmu olimi beamallar, kambag\u02bbalu boylar haqida fikr yuritadi. Shuningdek, odamlarga dunyoning o\u02bbtkinchi ekanini eslatib, arzimas havaslarga berilmaslikka, molu dunyo ketidan quvib o\u02bbzini unutib qo\u02bbymaslikka, kibr, riyo, ochko\u02bbzlik, xiyonat, behuda gapirish kabi illatlardan tiyilishga chaqiradi. Insonlarni ulug\u02bblikka yetaklaydigan ilmu ma\u02bcrifat, taqvo, saxovat, ota-ona, qarindosh va qo\u02bbshnilarga yaxshilik qilishga undaydigan fazilatlar haqida hikoya qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201dning nodir qo\u02bblyozma nusxalari dunyoning bir qancha qo\u02bblyozma fondlarida saqlanadi. Jumladan, O\u02bbzbekiston Fanlar akademiyasi Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik institutida \u21164877, Turkiyaning \u201cMaktabatun nur Usmoniya\u201d kutubxonasida inv \u21163678 va \u21164260, Saudiyaning \u201cJomeatul Malik Saud\u201d kutubxonasida \u2116547, Kuvaytning \u201cJomeatul Kuvayt\u201d kutubxonasida \u2116646 va \u21165775 raqamlar ostida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMaktabatun nur Usmoniya\u201ddagi qo\u02bblyozmaning muqovasi kartondan bo\u02bblib, usti abri bahor qog\u02bbozi bilan qoplangan. Majmuadagi birinchi asar \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201ddir. U 1b<\/sup>\u00a0sahifadan boshlanib, 16a\u00a0<\/sup>sahifada tugagan. 1a\u00a0<\/sup>sahifada asar nomi \u201c\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u0649\u201d \u2013 \u201cMaqolatuz Zamaxshariy\u201d deb keltirilgan. Mistarasi \u2013 sahifadagi matn qatorlari 19 satrdan iborat bo\u02bblib, nasx xatida yozilgan. Xattoti noma\u02bclum. Barcha matnlar qizil chiziqli ramkaga olingan. Har bir varaqda poygirlar keltirilgan. Asar basmala bilan boshlanib, keyingi 1-2 satrlarda muallif haqida quyidagi e\u02bctirof bor:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201d\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u2026 .[2:1b<\/sup>] \u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShayx, ulug\u02bb imom, zohid, alloma, arab va ajamlar shayxi, Xorazm faxri Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy rahmatulloh alayh aytadi\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJomeatul Malik Saud\u201ddagi qo\u02bblyozma 1a<\/sup>\u00a0sahifadan boshlanib, 20a<\/sup>\u00a0sahifada yakunlangan, umumiy hajmi \u2013 40 sahifa. 1a<\/sup>\u00a0sahifasida asar nomi<\/span><\/p>\n

[3:1a<\/sup>] \u201c\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u0649\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBu kitob \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201d deb nomlangan bo\u02bblib, alloma Zamaxshariy tomonidan yozilgan\u201d, deb keltirilgan. Muqovasi och yashil rangli kartondan. Varaqlar o\u02bblchami 24×17 sm. bo\u02bblib, mistarasi \u2013 17 satr. Barcha varaqlarda poygirlar keltirilgan. 2a<\/sup>, 5a<\/sup>, 9b<\/sup>, 11b<\/sup>, 19b<\/sup>\u00a0sahifalarda<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0645\u062e\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0637\u064e\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0636\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMaxtutot maktabatur Riyoz\u201d yozuvli zamonaviy, doira shaklidagi, siyoh rangli muhr bosilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asar 1b<\/sup>\u00a0sahifadan basmala bilan boshlangan, undan keyingi satrda Mahmud Zamxshariy quyidagicha e\u02bctirof etilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647[3:1b<\/sup>]\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShayx, keng fikrli (ustoz) imom, fozillar raisi, dunyo ustozi, arab va ajamlar shayxi, Xorazm faxri Abulqosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy roziyallohu anhu aytadi\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning 19b<\/sup>\u00a0sahifasida, kalofonda bu nusxani hijriy 1278 yili Robiul avval oyining 26 sanasi (1861 yil 30 sentyabr)da xattot Ahmad bin Mansur Qanoiy nasx xatida ko\u02bbchirgani qayd etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikki qo\u02bblyozmada yuztadan maqola keltirilgan. Nusxalarda xattotlar ba\u02bczi kalimalarni turli shaklda yozgani va ayrim harflar tushib qolganini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Misol uchun, ikki nusxada ham 11-maqolada xattotlar turli kalimalardan foydalangan. \u201cMaktabatun nur Usmoniya\u201ddagi nusxada \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0645\u201d shaklida kelgan kalima, \u201cJomeatul Malik Saud\u201ddagisida \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0645\u201d shaklida yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunday holatlarni bir qancha joylarda uchratish mumkin. Jumladan, quyida keltirilgan 7-maqolada ham. \u201cJomeatul Malik Saud\u201ddagi nusxada kelgan \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0623\u0649 kalimasi, \u201cMaktabatun nur Usmoniya\u201ddagida \u0648\u0627\u0652\u0646\u0622\u0633\u0649 ko\u02bbrinishda kelgan. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0627 kalimasi \u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 ko\u02bbrinishda bo\u02bblib, \u0648 harfi tushib qolgan,\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0644 kalimasi \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0644 ko\u02bbrinishda kelganini ko\u02bbrish mumkin [2:3a<\/sup>]. Albatta, bunday vaziyatda asarning bir nechta nusxasi olinib, ularni tahqiq qilish orqali aniqlik kiritish mumkin bo\u02bbladi. Tadqiqotchilarga uchun shuni ma\u02bclum qilamizki, Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi elektron bazasida bu ikki qo\u02bblyozmaning elektron nusxalari bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuqorida ta\u02bckidlanganidek, asardagi yuzta maqola turli mavzularni qamrab olgan bo\u02bblib, yettinchisida tavozeli bo\u02bblish kishini sharafli, kamtarlik mashhur qilishiga alohida urg\u02bbu berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641. \u0641\u0622\u062b\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064f\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0650\u0634 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064c. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621. [3:3a<\/sup>]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cXushtavoze bo\u02bblish seni sharafli qiladi, kamtarlik esa seni mashhur qiladi. Tanbeh berganda, jiddiylikni lozim tutgin, mashhurlikdan parda ortini mahbub bilgin. Shunda balolar tirnog\u02bbidan omonda bo\u02bblib, gina-kudurat zamiridan o\u02bbzingni saqlagan bo\u02bblasan. Sharaf egasi, hasad qilinuvchi yoki uning o\u02bbzi hasad qiluvchi bo\u02bbladi. Yoki u gina qilinuvchi, yoki gina qiluvchi bo\u02bbladi. Mana shu balolar ostida inson vujudi titrab turadi. Alloh taolo shu balolarni sabab etib, u vujudda xohlaganini qiladi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Darhaqiqat, Imom Zamaxshariy qalamiga mansub bu asarning ilmiy-tarbiyaviy ahamiyati juda katta. U o\u02bbziga xos uslubi bilan odob-axloqqa oid boshqa asarlardan alohida ajralib turadi. Shuningdek, o\u02bbquvchini yomon xulqdan uzoqlashtirib, yaxshilikka yetaklaydi va kamtar bo\u02bblishga chaqirib, kibr va manmanlikka berilmaslikka undaydi. Allomaning merosi insonga ma\u02bcnaviy ozuqa berib, kelajakda har tomonlama barkamol bo\u02bblishi va o\u02bbsib kelayotgan yosh avlodning ota-onasi va xalqimizga munosib farzand bo\u02bblishiga xizmat qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mahmud Zamaxshariy \u201cAtvoquz zahab fil mavoiz val xutob\u201d. \u2013 Qohira. 2006.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Mahmud Zamaxshariy. \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201d. Qo\u02bblyozma \u2013Turkiya. \u201cMaktabatun nur Usmoniya\u201d kutubxonasi. \u21164260.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mahmud Zamaxshariy. \u201cAtvoquz zahab\u201d. Qo\u02bblyozma. \u2013 Saudiya Arabistoni. \u201cJomeatul Malik Saud\u201d kutubxonasi. \u2116547.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Rustamov A. \u201cMahmud Zamaxshariy\u201d. \u2013 T.: Fan, 1971.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Uvatov U. \u201cXorazmlik buyuk alloma\u201d. \u2013 T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2006.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Yo\u02bbldoshxon ISAYEV
    \n<\/strong>Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ko\u02bbhna Xorazm zaminidan dunyo taraqqiyoti, ilm-fanning rivoji va takomillashuviga ulkan hissasini qo\u02bbshgan ko\u02bbplab allomalar yetishib chiqqan. Ana shunday allomalardan biri Mahmud Zamaxshariydir. To\u02bbliq ismi \u2013 Abulqosim Mahmud ibn Umar ibn Muhammad Zamaxshariy. Hijriy 467 yili rajab oyining yigirma yettinchisida \u2013 chorshanba kuni Xorazm vohasining Zamaxshar (Izmixshir) qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. Bu milodiy 1075 yilning 19 martiga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20657&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20657&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-07T05:37:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-04T06:38:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/bukhari_buxoriy2022_45.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20657&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20657&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"\u201cATVOQUZ ZAHAB\u201dNING IKKI NODIR QO\u02bbLYOZMA NUSXASI - 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