{"id":20275,"date":"2022-02-14T10:32:50","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T05:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=20275"},"modified":"2022-02-14T10:32:50","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T05:32:50","slug":"turkiston-ma%ca%bcrifatparvarlarining-ayanchli-qismati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20275&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"TURKISTON MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLARINING AYANCHLI QISMATI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ona Vatanga muhabbat, el-yurtga beminnat xizmat qilib, ozod, erkin va farovon jamiyat barpo etish taraqqiyparvarlarning eng ulug\u02bb orzusi bo\u02bblgan. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov, Abdurauf Fitrat, Alixonto\u02bbra Sog\u02bbuniy, Abdulla Qodiriy, Ismoil Obidov, Ubaydulla Xo\u02bbjayev, Ahmadjon Bektemirov, Polvonniyoz Hoji Yusupov, Tavallo, Cho\u02bblpon kabi jadid namoyandalarning ilm-ma\u02bcrifat yoyish yo\u02bblidagi sa\u02bcy-harakatlari, ayniqsa, diqqatga sazovordir. Ular shaxs, jamiyat va davlat istiqboli yo\u02bblida doimo jonini xavfga qo\u02bbyib, eski ta\u02bclim tizimini yangi, zamonaviy sinf-dars uslubiga almashtirish asnosida mamlakat kelajagini qurish uchun kurashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vatanni taraqqiy topgan davlatlar safiga qo\u02bbshishning yo\u02bbli \u2013 maorifni isloh qilishda, deb bilgan jadidlar bu yo\u02bblda astoydil bel bog\u02bblab xizmat qilgan. Taraqqiyparvarlar xalqni zamona ilm-fanini o\u02bbzlashtirish uchun yangi usulda ta\u02bclim olishga da\u02bcvat etgan. Jadid ma\u02bcrifatparvar Alixonto\u02bbra Sog\u02bbuniy \u201cTurkiston xalqini \u201co\u02bblim uyqusidan uyg\u02bbotish\u201dning yo\u02bbli \u2013 uni zamonaviy ilm-fan, milliy g\u02bburur bilan qurollantirish, ona tilini jon o\u02bbrnida asrashda\u201d,[1]<\/a>\u00a0deb, yoshlarni ma\u02bcrifatga chorlagan. Yangi usulda dars berish[2]<\/a>\u00a0eng qulay va ma\u02bcqul tartib bo\u02bblib, amaliy sinovda isbotlangan edi. Ayni zamonda taraqqiyparvarlar barcha yoshlarni bilimli qilib, siyosiy boshqaruv sohasida ilmiy salohiyatga erishtirmaguncha mustamlakaga qarshi kurashib, suveren davlat qurib bo\u02bblmasligini anglagan. Shuning uchun 4-6 yillik yangi usuldagi ta\u02bclimni joriy etib, til, o\u02bbqish-yozish, arifmetika, Qur\u02bcon va hadisdan saboq bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixdan ma\u02bclumki, kitob varaqlab, ilm o\u02bbrganish eng ma\u02bcqul usul sifatida qadrlab kelingan. Turkistonda jadidlik harakatining bayroqdori Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy 1908 yil Samarqandda birinchi bepul o\u02bbquv kutubxona[3]<\/a>\u00a0tashkil etgan. Ko\u02bbplab adabiy kitob, jurnal, o\u02bbquv kitob va darsliklarni jamlab, uning fondini boyitgan. Yangi usul maktablarining ochilishi mahalliy tilda kitob va adabiyotlarning ko\u02bbpayishiga xizmat qilgan. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy Turkistonda birinchilar qatorida yangi usul maktabini tashkil qilib, ular uchun darsliklar[4]<\/a>\u00a0yozgan ma\u02bcrifatparvar ham bo\u02bblgan. U \u201cRisolai asbobi savod\u201d (\u201cSavod chiqarish kitobi\u201d, 1904), \u201cRisolai jug\u02bbrofiyai umroniy\u201d (\u201cDemografik geografiyaga kirish\u201d, 1905), \u201cMuntaxabi jug\u02bbrofiyai umumiy\u201d (\u201cQisqacha umumiy geografiya\u201d, 1906), \u201cKitobatul atfol\u00bb (\u201cBolalar xati\u201d, 1908), \u201cAmaliyoti islom\u201d (\u201cIslom ruknlari\u201d, 1908-1909) kabi kitoblar chop ettiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teatrni ibratxona deb bilgan Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy o\u02bbzbek teatrining asoschisi hisoblanadi. 1911 yil Behbudiy o\u02bbzbek tilida \u201cOtasini o\u02bbldirgan\u201d (forschada \u201cPadarkush\u201d) nomli birinchi pyesasini yozgan. Ammo siyosiy vaziyat va aktyor tanlash kabi muammolar pyesaning faqat 1913 yilda sahnalashtirilishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Jadidlar teatr yordamida yoshlar qalbida ilmga ishtiyoq uyg\u02bbotib, kelajakda bunyodkor, vatanparvar qilib tarbiyalash bilan birga, ularni erkin va suveren yashashga da\u02bcvat etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hayotini xalqimiz ozodligi va hurriyati uchun baxshida etgan yana bir ma\u02bcrifat xodimi Abdulhamid Sulaymon o\u02bbg\u02bbli Cho\u02bblpondir. U shoir, san\u02bcatshunos va dramaturg sifatida nom qozongan. Mutafakkirdan 1 ta roman, 1 ta qissa, 20 dan ziyod hikoya va ocherk, 300 dan ziyod she\u02bcr, 60 dan ziyod publitsistik va adabiy-tanqidiy maqola[5]<\/a>\u00a0meros qolgan. O\u02bbzbek ziyolilaridan Shokir Sulaymon: \u201cCho\u02bblpon va boshqalarga tahdid soya solmoqda. Butun o\u02bbzbek madaniyati yo\u02bbq bo\u02bblib ketishi mumkin\u201d,[6]<\/a>\u00a0degan bo\u02bblsa, sovet hukumati vakillari: \u201cCho\u02bblpon millatchi-vatanparvarlar g\u02bboyasi bilan zaharlangan, ularning mafkurasidan ilhomlanadi, utopistdan shovinistga aylangan. Hammasi uchun begonalar, shu jumladan, ruslarni ayblaydi. Uning fikricha barcha ruslar \u2013 kolonizator. Inqilobdan mamnun, ammo ruslar uning ona Vatanida qolganidan norozi. Cho\u02bblpon maktab yoshlariga o\u02bbzining shovinistik qarashi bilan ta\u02bcsir o\u02bbtkazadi\u201d, deb uni ta\u02bcqib ostiga olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoro jadidlik harakati vakili Fayzulla Xo\u02bbjayev ham yosh avlodni ma\u02bcrifatli qilish yo\u02bblida ulkan ishlarni amalga oshirgan. 13 yil O\u02bbzbekiston SSR hukumatiga rahbarlik davomida mohir diplomat ekanini ko\u02bbrsatgan. Fitrat, Fayzulla Xo\u02bbjayev, Mukammil Burhonovning tashabbusi[7]<\/a>\u00a0bilan 100 ga yaqin turkistonlik talaba Buxoro XSR hisobidan Germaniyaga, o\u02bbnlab talabalar Turkiyaga o\u02bbqishga yuborilgan. Yoshlarni xorijda o\u02bbqitishdan maqsad \u2013 xalqaro tajriba orttirish, dunyoqarashni boyitish va siyosiy ongni o\u02bbstirish, desak, mubolag\u02bba bo\u02bblmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadidlar aholi umumiy saviyasini oshirish maqsadida gazeta va jurnallar ham nashr etgan. Jumladan, \u201cTuron\u201d, \u201cUlug\u02bb Turkiston\u201d, \u201cTurk eli\u201d, \u201cSamarqand\u201d, \u201cSadoi Farg\u02bbona\u201d, \u201cEl bayrog\u02bbi\u201d, \u201cTaraqqiy\u201d, \u201cXurshid\u201d, \u201cNajot\u201d, \u201cKengash\u201d, \u201cShuhrat\u201d, \u201cOsiyo\u201d, \u201cSadoi Turkiston\u201d nomli gazetalar hamda \u201cOyna\u201d(1913 y), \u201cAl-isloh\u201d (1915 y) kabi jurnallar chop etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maorif tizimida milliy ozodlik, o\u02bbzlikni anglashga qaratilgan harakatlar imperiya davrida \u201czararsizlantirilib\u201d kelingani kabi sovet davrida ham doimo ta\u02bcqib ostiga bo\u02bblgan. Hatto matbuotda: \u201cProletariat o\u02bbzining sinfiy dushmanlariga jamiyat parazitlariga qarshi kurashganda, faqatgina jismonan olishish bilan qanoatlanib qo\u02bbya qolmaydi. U mafkura maydonida ham tizginini qo\u02bbldan bermasdan taraqqiyotni, tarix g\u02bbildiragini orqaga surmoqchi bo\u02bblgan qora kuchlar reaksion unsurlari bilan o\u02bbzining so\u02bbnggi g\u02bbolibiyotigacha olishadi\u201d,[8]<\/a>\u00a0deb berilgan ma\u02bclumot sho\u02bbro hukumatining asl qiyofasini ochib beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, imperiya davrida podpolkovnik Nikolay Vasilyev va politsiya maslahatchisi Leonid Kvitsinskiy \u201cmarkaz\u201dning maxfiy ko\u02bbrsatmasi asosida ozodlik harakatini ta\u02bcqib ostiga olish rejasini ishlab chiqqan edi. Mustabid hukumat vakillari esa barcha ma\u02bcrifat va siyosiy muxolifat vakillarini davlat dushmani tamg\u02bbasi ostida jismonan yo\u02bbq qilgan. Misol uchun, 1923 yili SSSR siyosiy-iqtisodiy qurilishi holati ko\u02bbrib chiqilganda, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonovni millatchi[9]<\/a>\u00a0deb ayblashgan. Turkiston ma\u02bcrifatparvarlari o\u02bbz oldiga O\u02bbzbekiston yoshlarini tarbiyalash va birlashtirish vazifasini qo\u02bbyganidan qattiq ranjilgani ta\u02bckidlanadi. Rasman kommunistlar nazoratidagi \u201cNashri maorif\u201d (\u201cMa\u02bcrifat tarqatuvchi\u201d) jamiyati Munavvar Qori tashabbusi bilan tuzilgani uchun shubha ostiga olinib, millatchilar deb ayblangan. Bu Xalq ta\u02bclimi xodimlarining aksar qismi qamrab olingani bilan izohlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sovet hukumatining bu e\u02bctirofi jamiyatdagi ziddiyatlarga qaramasdan ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar doimo xalq manfaatini ko\u02bbzlab ish tutganini tasdiqlaydi. Shuning uchun o\u02bbz Vatani, o\u02bbzligi va xalqi uchun jon kuydirgan Munavvar Qori kabi ma\u02bcrifatparvar bobolarimizga tuhmat va bo\u02bbhtonlar yog\u02bbilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

1928 yil 31 mayda OGPUning Butunittifoq Bolsheviklar Kommunistik partiyasi Markaziy Qo\u02bbmitasi O\u02bbzbekistondagi siyosiy kayfiyat[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0to\u02bbg\u02bbrisidagi ma\u02bcruzani e\u02bclon qilgan. Unda Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov: \u201cInqilob maktablarni bergan bo\u02bblsa-da, bunday tarbiya biz uchun ma\u02bcqul emas\u201d, degani qayd etilgan. Bosh vaqf boshqarmasi ilmiy bo\u02bblimi boshlig\u02bbi vazifasida ishlagan Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov o\u02bbz ilmiy tajribasidan kelib chiqib bildirgan xulosasi sovet hukumatining bolalarga bergan \u201cbeminnat, bepul ta\u02bclimi\u201d qanchalik mavhum va befoyda bo\u02bblganini aniq tasvirlaydi. Qadimdan o\u02bbz bilim va tafakkuriga ega xalqlar shu tariqa XX asrning ikkinchi o\u02bbn yilligida yangicha g\u02bboyaga \u201cixtiyoriy\u201d tarzda da\u02bcvat etila boshlagan. Sotsialistik g\u02bboyaga qarshi bo\u02bblgan shaxs, guruhlar esa davlatning siyosiy dushmani sifatida turli ta\u02bcqib va qatag\u02bbonlarga uchragan. 1938 yili SSSR Oliy sudi Harbiy kollegiyasi qarori bilan ma\u02bcrifatparvarlardan Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulhamid Sulaymon o\u02bbg\u02bbli Cho\u02bblpon, Abdulla Qodiriy, Xudoybergan Devonov, G\u02bbozi Olim Yunusov, Qayum Ramazon, Otajon Hoshimov, Majid Qodirov, Rahim Inog\u02bbomov, Usmon Eshonxo\u02bbjayev, Rustam Islomov, Fayzulla Rahimboyev, Akbar Islomov, Sa\u02bcdullaxo\u02bbja Tursunxo\u02bbjayevlarning otuvga hukm qilinishi va shafqatsizlarcha qatl etilishi O\u02bbzbekiston tarixiga eng qayg\u02bbuli kun bo\u02bblib muhrlandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zero, \u201cFaqat bilimli, ma\u02bcrifatli jamiyatgina demokratik taraqqiyotning barcha afzalliklarini qadrlay olishini va aksincha, bilimi kam, omi odamlar avtoritarizmni va totalitar tizimni ma\u02bcqul ko\u02bbrishini hayotning o\u02bbzi ishonarli tarzda isbotlamoqda\u201d,[11]<\/a>\u00a0deb bejiz munosabat bildirilmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xullas, ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar tarixiy davr sinovlarini yengib o\u02bbtmagan, ilm-fanni taraqqiy ettirmagan o\u02bblkada erkin va farovon jamiyat qurib bo\u02bblmasligini tushuntirishga uringan. Xalqaro tajriba asosida ilm o\u02bbrganib, siyosiy jihatdan birlashgach, suveren davlat tuzish taraqqiyparvarlarning eng katta orzusi edi. Ma\u02bcrifatparvarlar maorif jonkuyari sifatida Turkiston o\u02bblka xalq ta\u02bclimini rivojlantirish yo\u02bblida maktablar ochib, kitob va darsliklar yaratdi. Ammo sho\u02bbro hukumati yozuv va ta\u02bclimni o\u02bbz manfaatlari yo\u02bblida o\u02bbzgartirib, har qanday inqilob yoxud ozodlik talablarini \u201czararsizlantirish\u201d yo\u02bblidan bordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>FOYDALANGAN ADABIYOTLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
[1]<\/a>\u00a0Qurbonov M. Milliy tarbiya. Milliy g\u02bboya va mafkura ilmiy-amaliy markazi. \u2013 T.: Ma\u02bcnaviyat, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Bobrovnikov I.I. Russko-tuzemn\u044bye uchili\u0449a, mekteb\u044b i medres\u044b Sredney Azii. S. -Peterburg-1913. Str.181.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0Nauka i prosve\u0449yeniye. Yejemesyachn\u044by jurnal Narodnogo komissariata prosve\u0449yeniya Turkrespubliki. Avgust-sentyabr \u21161. T. 1922. Str.23<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/t.me\/turkiston_kutubxonasi<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0Abdulhamid Cho\u02bblpon. Asarlar. 4 jildlik J. 1\/ Cho\u02bblpon \u2013 qayta nashr; . \u2013T.: Akademnashr, 2016. B.9<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Doklad OGPU v SK VKP(b) o politicheskix nastroyeniyax v Uzbekistane. [31 maya 1928 g.] \/\/ RGASPI. F. 81. Op. 3. D. 127. L. 206-233.\u00a0http:\/\/docs.historyrussia.org\/ru\/nodes\/38591#mode\/inspect\/page\/19\/zoom\/4<\/a>\u00a0Istochnik dokumenta\u00a0SK RKP(b)-VKP(b) i natsionaln\u044by vopros. Kn.\u00a01. 1918-1933 gg. \u2013 M.: ROSSPEN, 2005<\/a>. St.588<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/a>\u00a0Rajabov Q.K. Fayzulla Xo\u02bbjayev (tarixiy esse). -T.: Abu matbuot konsalt, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n
[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMaorif va o\u02bbqitg\u02bbuvchi\u201d ijtimoiy-siyosiy, ta\u02bclim-tarbiyaviy, adabiy, fanniy, ilmiy jurnal. 7-8 \u2013 son. Samarqand shahri. 1929 yil iyul-avgust. 35-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
[9]<\/a>\u00a0Obzor politiko-ekonomicheskogo sostoyaniya SSSR za aprel-may 1923 g. 16 iyulya 1923 g. \/\/ SA FSB RF. F. 2. Op. 1. D. 794. L. 86-112.\u00a0http:\/\/docs.historyrussia.org\/ru\/nodes\/87560#mode\/inspect\/page\/18\/zoom\/4<\/a>. St.878<\/span><\/div>\n
[10]<\/a>\u00a0Qarang: Doklad OGPU v SK VKP(b) o politicheskix nastroyeniyax v Uzbekistane. [31 maya 1928 g.] \/\/ RGASPI. F. 81. Op. 3. D. 127. L. 206-233.\u00a0http:\/\/docs.historyrussia.org\/ru\/nodes\/38591#mode\/inspect\/page \/19\/zoom\/4<\/a>\u00a0Istochnik dokumenta\u00a0SK RKP(b)\u2014VKP(b) i natsionaln\u044by vopros. Kn.\u00a01. 1918\u20141933 gg. \u2014 M.: ROSSPEN, 2005<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n
[11]<\/a>\u00a0Islom Karimov. O\u02bbzbekiston buyuk kelajak sari. \u2013T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 1998. B.534-535.<\/span><\/div>\n
Suxrob Ergashev,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ona Vatanga muhabbat, el-yurtga beminnat xizmat qilib, ozod, erkin va farovon jamiyat barpo etish taraqqiyparvarlarning eng ulug\u02bb orzusi bo\u02bblgan. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov, Abdurauf Fitrat, Alixonto\u02bbra Sog\u02bbuniy, Abdulla Qodiriy, Ismoil Obidov, Ubaydulla Xo\u02bbjayev, Ahmadjon Bektemirov, Polvonniyoz Hoji Yusupov, Tavallo, Cho\u02bblpon kabi jadid namoyandalarning ilm-ma\u02bcrifat yoyish yo\u02bblidagi sa\u02bcy-harakatlari, ayniqsa, diqqatga sazovordir. Ular shaxs, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTURKISTON MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLARINING AYANCHLI QISMATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=20275&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TURKISTON MA\u02bcRIFATPARVARLARINING AYANCHLI QISMATI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ona Vatanga muhabbat, el-yurtga beminnat xizmat qilib, ozod, erkin va farovon jamiyat barpo etish taraqqiyparvarlarning eng ulug\u02bb orzusi bo\u02bblgan. Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidxonov, Abdurauf Fitrat, Alixonto\u02bbra Sog\u02bbuniy, Abdulla Qodiriy, Ismoil Obidov, Ubaydulla Xo\u02bbjayev, Ahmadjon Bektemirov, Polvonniyoz Hoji Yusupov, Tavallo, Cho\u02bblpon kabi jadid namoyandalarning ilm-ma\u02bcrifat yoyish yo\u02bblidagi sa\u02bcy-harakatlari, ayniqsa, diqqatga sazovordir. 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