{"id":19973,"date":"2022-01-25T09:59:08","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T04:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=19973"},"modified":"2022-01-25T09:59:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-25T04:59:08","slug":"imom-moturidiy-ilmiy-faoliyatining-islom-ilm-fanida-tutgan-o%ca%bbrni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19973&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan imom, faqih, kalom ilmining moturidiylik aqidaviy mazhabi asoschisi Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hanafiy Moturidiy Samarqandiy bo\u02bblib, u Samarqandning Moturid qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Tug\u02bbilgan yillari haqida tarixiy manbalarda qat\u02bciy ma\u02bclumot yo\u02bbq, lekin taqribiy yoki taxminiy sanalar berilgan. Masalan, uning abbosiy xalifalardan Mutavakkil (232\/847-247\/861 y.) davrida yashaganlari aniq. Yana, Muhammad ibn Muqotil Roziy (vaf. 248\/862) va Nasir ibn Yahyo Balxiy (vaf. 268\/882 y.) kabi ustozlaridan saboq olganliklarini nazarda tutilsa, Shayxning tug\u02bbilgan yilini 238 hijriy yil deb taxmin qilish mumkin. Lekin boshqa manbada, aniqrog\u02bbi \u201cIslom\u201d qomusida tug\u02bbilgan yillari 870 milodiy yil deb ko\u02bbrsatilgan. Shunga asosan 2000 yilda tavalludlarining 1130 yilligi nishonlandi. Bu hisobga ko\u02bbra, Shayxning tavalludlari 257\/871 yilga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keladi [6: 2].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Ba\u02bczi tarixchilar Imom Moturidiyning nasabini sahobiy Abu Ayyub Ansoriy roziyallohu anhuga borib taqalishini keltiradilar. Shu sababli unga \u201cAnsoriy\u201d nisbatini ham beradilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Abu Mansur Moturidiy o\u02bbzining yuksak ilmiy faoliyati bilan butun Islom dunyosida alohida e\u02bctiborga sazovordir. U butun umri davomida islomning asl mohiyatini hamda uning o\u02bbzgarmas aqidaviy ta\u02bclimotini buzg\u02bbunchi firqalarning har xil botil g\u02bboyalari va da\u02bcvolaridan himoya qilib keldi. Shu sababli u qoldirgan katta ilmiy meros islom ilm-fanida yuksak ahamiyatga erishdi va hozirgi kunda ham u asos solib ketgan Moturidiya aqidaviy mazhabi Ahli sunna va jamoa yo\u02bbnalishidagi asosiy mazhab bo\u02bblib kelmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u201cMiftahus saodat va misbahus siyodat\u201d kitobining muallifi Toshko\u02bbprizoda u haqida shunday deydi: \u201c\u2026 Ahli sunna va jamoaning raisi ikki kishidir. Ulardan biri hanafiy, ikkinchisi shofi\u02bciy. Hanafiysi \u2012 Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Moturidiy \u2012 imomul huda\u201d [7: 68].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Abu Mansur Moturidiy dastlabki ta\u02bclimni o\u02bbz qishlog\u02bbida olib, keyinchalik Movarounnahrning o\u02bbsha davrdagi diniy va ma\u02bcrifiy markazi bo\u02bblgan Samarqandda davom ettiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiyning hayoti va ilmiy merosi o\u02bbrta asr mualliflari Xatib Bag\u02bbdodiy, Abdulkarim Sa\u02bcd Sam\u02bconiy, Abulfido Zayniddin Qosim ibn Qutlubg\u02bbo, Muhitdin Qurashiy, Kafaviy, Abul Mu\u02bcin Nasafiy, Hoji Xaliyfaning asarlarida keltirilgan. Taniqli muarrix Kafaviy va boshqa qator mualliflar yozishlaricha, Imom Moturidiy o\u02bbz zamonasidayoq \u201cImomul huda\u201d (Hidoyatga boshlovchi imom), \u201cRofi\u02bc a\u02bclom ahlis sunna val jamoa\u201d (Ahli sunna val jamoaning bayrog\u02bbini baland ko\u02bbtaruvchisi), \u201cQoli\u02bc azoliyu-l-fitna va-l-bid\u02bcat\u201d (Xurofot va bid\u02bcatga botgan uydirmalarni ildizi bilan qo\u02bbporuvchisi), \u201cImomul mutakkallimiyn\u201d (Barcha mutakallimlarning imomi), \u201cMusahhihu aqoidil muslimiyn\u201d (Barcha musulmonlar aqidalarining tuzatuvchisi), \u201cShayx\u201d va \u201cImom\u201d kabi yuksak nomlarga sazovor bo\u02bblgan alloma sifatida tan olingan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Uning ustozlari jumlasidan o\u02bbz davrining taniqli olimlaridan Abu Nasr Iyoziy, Abu Bakr Ahmad Juzjoniy, Imomi A\u02bczam mazhabidagi buyuk olim Nusayr ibn Yahyo Balxiy, Muhammad ibn Muqotil Roziy va Muhammad ibn Fazl kiradi. Ba\u02bczi manbalarda uning Samarqanddagi \u201cIyoziy\u201d madrasasida ta\u02bclim olgani qayd etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiyning Abu Bakr Juzjoniy va Abu Nasr Iyoziydan qaysi sohada va nima o\u02bbrgangani haqida to\u02bbla tasavvur hosil qilish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Abu Mansur Moturidiyning ilk ustozi Abu Bakr Juzjoniyning Samarqandda hanafiy maktabining rivojlantirishda juda muhim o\u02bbrni bor. Abulmu\u02bcin Nasafiyning ta\u02bckidlashicha, hatto shu maktabning asoschisi hamdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 X-XII asrlarda Samarqanddagi yirik ilmiy markaz \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d deb nomlangan. Aynan, uning \u201cJuzjoniya\u201d deb nomlanishi Samarqandga birinchi bo\u02bblib hanafiylik mazhabini olib kirgan Abu Bakr Sulaymon Juzjoniy (vaf. IX asr) nomi bilan bog\u02bbliq. Ko\u02bbplab hanafiy tabaqotlarida Samarqand ulamolarining silsilasi Abu Bakr Sulaymon Juzjoniyga borib taqaladi [2: 100].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Abu Mansur Moturidiyni Abul Qosim Is\u02bchoq ibn Ismoil ibn Ibrohim ibn Zayd Hakim Samarqandiy, Abul Hasan Ali ibi Sayyid Rustug\u02bbfoniy (vaf. 961 milodiy), Abu Muhammad Abul Karim ibn Muso Pazdaviy, Abu Lays Samarqandiy, Abul Hasan Pazdaviy, Abul Yuusr Pazdaviy, Abul Mu\u02bcin Nasafiy, Saffor Buxoriy, Najmiddin Umar Nasafiy, Sobuniy Buxoriy, Umar Hanafiy kabi olimlar o\u02bbzlariga ustoz deb bilishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiy ta\u02bclimotini batafsil o\u02bbrgangan va bu ta\u02bclimotning mohiyatini chuqur bilgan Abul Yuusr Pazdaviy (vaf. 1099 y.), Abul Muin Nasafiy (vaf. 1114 y.), Saffor Buxoriy (vaf. 1134 y.), Abu Hafs Nasafiy (vaf. 1142 y.), Ali ibn Usmon O\u02bbshiy (vaf. 1173 y.), Nuriddin Sobuniy (vaf. 1184 y.) va Umar Hanafiy (vaf. 1200 y.) kabi olimlar Moturidiy ta\u02bclimotini rivojlantirish orqali bu maktabni davom ettirdilar [1: 466].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiyning qalamiga mansub asarlarning soni o\u02bbn beshtaga yetib qoladi. Tarixiy manbalarda Moturidiyning ko\u02bbplab asarlari haqida ma\u02bclumotlar yetib kelgan. Ularda ta\u02bckidlanishicha, Moturidiy uch yo\u02bbnalish: kalom, tafsir va fiqh bo\u02bbyicha asarlar yozgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Alloma tafsirga oid \u201cTa\u02bcvilotu ahlis-sunna\u201d, kalomga oid \u201cKitob at-tavhid\u201d (Tavhid kitobi), \u201cRad usul al-xamsa\u201d (Besh usulga raddiya), \u201cRadd al-Amamiyya li-ba\u02bcd ar-ravafid\u201d (Imomiylarning ba\u02bczi rofidiylarga raddiyasi), \u201cRad alal Qaramita\u201d (Qarmatiylarga raddiya), shuningdek fiqhga oid \u201cMa\u02bcxaz ash-shara\u02bci fi-l-fiqh\u201d (Fiqh ilmida shar\u02bciy manbalar) va \u201cAl-jadal fiy usul al-fiqh\u201d (Fiqh ilmi asoslari xususida munozaralar) kabi asarlari ma\u02bclum va ulardan ba\u02bczilari bizgacha yetib kelgan [4: 25]. Ya\u02bcni, uning boy ilmiy merosidan faqat uch dona asari bizgacha yetib kelgan. Bular \u201cTa\u02bcvilotu ahlis-sunna\u201d, \u201cKitob at-tavhid\u201d va \u201cKitobul maqolat\u201d asarlaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Uning faqih sifatida kitoblar ta\u02bclif etganligini Abul Muin Nasafiy o\u02bbzining \u201cTabsirat al-adilla\u201d asarida keltirib, quyidagi asarlarni sanab o\u02bbtgan: \u201cKitob al-jadal fiy usul al-fiqh\u201d (Fiqh ilmi asoslari xususida munozaralar), \u201cMa\u02bcxaz ash-shari\u02bca fil fiqh\u201d (Fiqh ilmida shar\u02bciy manbalar).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiy yashagan davr islom olamida turli o\u02bbzgarishlar avj olgan, ayniqsa, turli firqalar tomonidan aqidaviy buzilishlar yuzaga kelgan paytga to\u02bbg\u02bbri keldi. Shunday sharoitda u Ahli sunna va jamoa e\u02bctiqodini himoya qilib chiqdi. Bu yo\u02bblda u mu\u02bctazila, xavorij, rofiza, karromiy, jahmiy, mushabbiha va boshqa botil aqidalarning da\u02bcvolariga raddiyalar berdi hamda Ahli sunna va jamoa mazhabidagi Moturidiya aqidaviy ta\u02bclimotiga asos soldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Bu bilan u islom ilm-fanida, ta\u02bclimotida eng asosiy hisoblangan kalom ilmini turli xil noto\u02bbg\u02bbri da\u02bcvolar va g\u02bboyalardan tozaladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Abul Mu\u02bctiy Muhammad Bayumiyning ta\u02bckidlashicha, Abu Mansur Moturidiy ilmiy merosining ilmiy ahamiyati quyidagilardan iborat:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Birinchidan, u abbosiy xalifalar Mutavakkil va Ma\u02bcmun davrida faoliyat olib bordi. Ayniqsa, xalifa Ma\u02bcmun davrida ijtimoiy-siyosiy jihatdan katta kuchga ega bo\u02bblgan mu\u02bctaziliylarning botil g\u02bboyalariga qarshi kurashdi. Ularning \u201cQur\u02bcon \u2012 yaratilgandir\u201d degan da\u02bcvolarining noto\u02bbg\u02bbri ekanliklarini ilmiy asoslab berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Ikkinchidan, Moturidiy mazhablar orasida o\u02bbrtacha yo\u02bbl tutgan edi. U ham naqliy dalillardan, ham aqliy dalillardan unumli foydalangan. U ma\u02bcrifat hosil qilishda his yoki sezgi a\u02bczolari, naql va rivoyat, aql va idrok asosiy vosita ekanligini ta\u02bckidlaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiy islom olamida juda nozik hisoblangan \u201cKitobu-t-tavhid\u201d asari bizning davrimizga yetib kelgan va u 1970 yilda Fathulloh Xulayf tomonidan Bayrutda nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Moturidiy bu asarida sunniy aqidadagi (ta\u02bcvilda) zid qarashlarni rad qilishga harakat qiladi va Abu Hanifaning qarashlariga suyangan holda ish ko\u02bbradi. Mazkur asarning ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyati juda katta bo\u02bblib, u ahli sunna ulamolari tomonidan Qur\u02bconi karimni sharhlash (ta\u02bcvil) bo\u02bbyicha qilingan dastlabki jiddiy urinish hisoblanadi. Bu sharh aql va naql nuqtai nazaridan amalga oshirilganligi bilan ajralib turadi. Boshqacha aytganda, Qur\u02bconi karim Moturidiya ta\u02bclimoti nuqtai nazaridan turib tafsir qilingan. Bu asar Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi SHQM fondida saqlanadi. Asarning birinchi juz\u02bci Qohirada 1971 yilda Ibrohim Avadayn va Said Avadaynlar tomonidan nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Shunday qilib, Abu Mansur Moturidiy IX asrlarning murakkab sharoitida o\u02bbziga xos kalom maktabiga asos soldi va hanafiy mazhabining g\u02bboyaviy poydevorini mustahkamlab, ahli sunna va jamoa e\u02bctiqodini qat\u02bciylik bilan himoya qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Abu Mansur Moturidiy umri davomida faqihlar, muhaddislar bilan muloqotda bo\u02bblgan va munozaralar olib borgan. U islom dinining hanafiy mazhabini Movarounnahrda tarqatish va o\u02bbzidan keyingi avlodlarga qusursiz yetkazish ishiga muhim hissa qo\u02bbshdi [3: 22].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Allomaning islom ilm-faniga qo\u02bbshgan hissasi kattadir. U tafsir, kalom va fiqhga oid qimmatli asarlar yozdi. Ular orqali adashgan firqalarning botil aqidalariga qarshi ham naqliy ham aqliy dalillar bilan raddiyalar berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imom Moturidiyning ilmiy merosi islom olamida avvalda ham, hozirgi kunda ham ahamiyatli bo\u02bblib, ilmiy tadqiqotchilar tomonidan keng o\u02bbrganib kelinmoqda. Hozirgi kunda bu tadqiqotlar Abul Mu\u02bctiy Muhammad Bayumiy, Abdulhakim Shar\u02bciy Juzjoniy, Shovosil Ziyodov, Saidmuxtor Oqilov va boshqa tadqiqotchilarning faoliyatlarida ko\u02bbrinadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Imomning vafoti to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida \u201cUsul ad-diyn inda Imom Abu Hanifa\u201d kitobida quyidagicha keltiriladi: \u201c\u2026 U Abul Hasan Ash\u02bcariy vafotidan to\u02bbqqiz yil o\u02bbtib, 333\/945 yilda vafot etgan\u201d [5: 127]. Ya\u02bcni, islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan, ahli sunnaning ikkinchi aqidaviy mazhabi bo\u02bblgan Ash\u02bcariya mazhabining asoschisi Abul Hasan Ash\u02bcariy vafotidan to\u02bbqqiz yil o\u02bbtib Samarqandda vafot etgan va shahar chekkasidagi Chokardiza qabristoniga dafn etilgan.<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    B\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcrk bilgini. Im\u00e2m M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee ve M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00eelik. Milletleraras\u0131tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 \u0130lm\u00ee Toplant\u0131. Dr. Shovosil Ziyodov. M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eediyye doktrininin \u00f6zbekistan\u02bcda ara\u015ftirilmasi: problemler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler. \u0130stanbul-2012.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Asrorova L. Abu Hafs Kabir Buxoriy va hanafiy fiqhi. \u2012T.: Toshkent islom universiteti, 2014.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    A\u02bczamxo\u02bbjayev S. 100 Markaziy Osiyo mutafakkirlari. \u2012T.: YANGI NASHR, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Qoriyev O.A. Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi va Burhoniddin Marg\u02bbinoniy. \u2012 T.: Fan, 2009.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Muhammad ibn Abdurrahmon Xomis. Usul ad-diyn inda Imom Abu Hanifa. \u2012J.1. Saudiya Arabistoni. Dorus Somiiy.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Shayx Abdulaziz Mansur. Aqoid matnlari. \u2012T.: Toshkent islom universiteti, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
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    Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Aqoid ilmi va unga bog\u02bbliq masalalar. \u2012 T.: SHARQ, 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ravshan ELMURODOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot\u00a0<\/strong>markazi katta ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan imom, faqih, kalom ilmining moturidiylik aqidaviy mazhabi asoschisi Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hanafiy Moturidiy Samarqandiy bo\u02bblib, u Samarqandning Moturid qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. \u00a0 Tug\u02bbilgan yillari haqida tarixiy manbalarda qat\u02bciy ma\u02bclumot yo\u02bbq, lekin taqribiy yoki taxminiy sanalar berilgan. Masalan, uning abbosiy xalifalardan Mutavakkil (232\/847-247\/861 y.) davrida yashaganlari …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19971,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19973&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IMOM MOTURIDIY ILMIY FAOLIYATINING ISLOM ILM-FANIDA TUTGAN O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan imom, faqih, kalom ilmining moturidiylik aqidaviy mazhabi asoschisi Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud Hanafiy Moturidiy Samarqandiy bo\u02bblib, u Samarqandning Moturid qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. \u00a0 Tug\u02bbilgan yillari haqida tarixiy manbalarda qat\u02bciy ma\u02bclumot yo\u02bbq, lekin taqribiy yoki taxminiy sanalar berilgan. 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