{"id":19231,"date":"2021-12-02T11:25:27","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T06:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=19231"},"modified":"2021-12-02T11:25:27","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T06:25:27","slug":"nosiriddin-tusiy-dunyoqarashining-shakllanishiga-ta%ca%bcsir-etgan-ijtimoiy-siyosiy-vaziyat-va-ma%ca%bcnaviy-muhit2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Geografiya sohasida Hamdulloh Mustavfi Qazviniy (1282-1350) va Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuvi (1360-1430) geografik asarlarining mohiyati va dalillarining aniqligi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Bu asarlar orasida Hamidulloh Qazviniyning \u201cKo\u02bbngil nash\u02bcasi\u201d nomli asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Mashhur sayyoh, geograf, iqlimshunos Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuviyning \u201cKitob tayaxis al-asar va ajoyib al-Malik al-Qahhor\u201d (\u201cObidalar haqidagi kitobning muxtasari va Qudratli Shohning mo\u02bbjizalari\u201d) nomli mashhur kitobida ham geografiya haqida kerakli ma\u02bclumotlar beriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tilshunoslik sohasida bir qancha lug\u02bbatlarning mualliflari, jumladan Faxruddin Hindushoh ibn Sanjar ibn Abdulloh Naxshivoniy (1245-1328) va uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Muhammad ibn Hindushoh Naxshivoniy arab va fors tillarining izohli lug\u02bbatini yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XII asrda adabiyot sohasida fors tilida ijod qilgan Zulfiqor Shirvoniy, Xoja Humon Tabriziy (1238-1314), Ibrohim Urmaviy (XII-XIII asrlar) o\u02bbz asarlari bilan maydonga chiqdi. Shoir Qul Ali 1212 yilda \u201cQissayi Yusuf\u201d asarini (\u201cYusuf\u201d dostoni) yozdi. Mustafo Zarinning \u201cYusuf va Zulayho\u201d nomli asari ham shu davrda yaratildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIII asrda musiqa nazariyasiga doir bir qancha asarlar yaratildi. Ular orasida Shafiaddin Abdulmo\u02bbmin Urmaviyning (1217-1294) \u201cDavrlar va ritmlar\u201d deb nomlangan asari alohida ahamiyatga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ushbu tarixiy davrda musulmon sharqida tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotiga asoslagan bir qancha tariqatlar faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatdi. Shuni ta\u02bckidlash lozimki, tahlil qilingan davrdan biroz oldin tasavvuf ta\u02bclimotiga doir ko\u02bbplab asarlar yaratilgan edi. Ular sirasiga Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Is\u02bchoq Buxoriyning X asr oxiri XI asr boshida yaratilgan \u201cTaarruf li mazhab ahlit tasavvuf\u201d, Qushayriyning \u201cRisola fi tasavvuf\u201d, Hujviriyning \u201cKashful mahjub\u201d, Ansoriyning \u201cManoziluas soirin\u201d, Sulamiyning \u201cTabaqotus sufiya\u201d, Abu Nuaymaning \u201cXuliyatul uliya\u201d kabi asarlarini kiritish mumkin. Yuqorida nomi zikr etilgan mualliflar o\u02bbz asarlari orqali tasavvufdan islom qoidalarini asoslashda foydalanibgina qolmay, tasavvufga xos bosqichlarni ham ishlab chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvuf XI-XII asrlarda musulmon jamiyatidagi diniy hayotning bir qismiga aylandi [5: 18].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Yassaviyning (1093-1166) \u201cYassaviylik\u201d, Abdulqodir Jiloniyning (\u2026 \u2013 1166) \u201cQodiriylik\u201d, Ahmad ibn Ali Rifaniyning (1106-1221) \u201cKubraviylik\u201d, Shahobiddin Yahyo Suhravardiyning (1154-1191) \u201cSuhravardiya\u201d, shayx Faton Ahmad Badaviyning (1200-1276) \u201cBadaviylik\u201d, Jaloliddin Rumiyning (1207-1273) \u201cMavlaviylik\u201d tariqatlari ushbu davrdagi asosiy suluklar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahlil qilinayotgan ushbu tarixiy davrda ismoiliylik tariqati ijtimoiy-siyosiy faoliyatning eng yuqori nuqtasiga chiqqan. Yashirin panteistik xususiyatiga ega bo\u02bblgan ismoiliylik tariqati bevosita neoplatenizm, buddizm va monexeizm ta\u02bcsiri ostida tarqalgan. Siyosiy mohiyat kasb etgan ismoiylar harakati xalifalik tomonidan ta\u02bcqib qilindi. Teokratik davlat bo\u02bblgan arab xalifaligi ularga nisbatan dushmanona munosabatda bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ismoiliylar harakatining namoyandalari o\u02bbz navbatida xalifalikka qattiq qarshilik ko\u02bbrsatar, ularning faoliyati asosan terrorchilik ko\u02bbrinishida namoyon bo\u02bblar edi. Ismoiliy fidoiylar beshafqat qatl qilishi bilan farqlanardi. Ushbu harakat fidoiylari Abbosiylar, Saljuqiylar, Xulagularning eng nufuzli kishilarini qatl etdi. Saljuqiylarning buyuk vaziri Nizomulmulk, uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Faxrulmulk ham ismoiliylar harakatining qurboni bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rus sharqshunos olimi akademik I.P.Petrushevskiy O\u02bbrta asr tarixiy manbalari, Rashiduddin va boshqa mualliflar ko\u02bbrsatmalari, ma\u02bclumotlari asosida ismoiliylar \u201cDa\u02bci du\u02bcot\u201d \u2013 \u201cHujjatlari\u201d buyrug\u02bbi bilan suiqasdga uchragan, qatl etilgan, pichoqlab o\u02bbldirilgan, yarador qilinganlarning XI-XIV asrlar bo\u02bbyicha umumiy va dahshatli ro\u02bbyxatini tuzib, keltirib o\u02bbtgan: \u201cBu ro\u02bbyxatdagi qurbonlarning umumiy soni 75 tani tashkil etib, ulardan 8 tasi hukmdorlar \u2013 Xalifa, Sulton, Otabek, shu jumladan, Fotimiylar xalifasi va Musta\u02bclitlar Imomi Amir bo\u02bblgan; Abbosiylar xalifasi Mustarshid, uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli valiahd Rashid; Iroq sultoni Dovud (Malikshohning nevarasi), 6 vazir, 17 amiri hojib (harbiy qo\u02bbmondonlar) va viloyat valiylari (noiblar), 6 shahar raisi, 13 qoziyul quzzot, qozi va muftiy (Qazvin, Hamadon, Isfahon, Ray, Kirmon, Gurgon, Ko\u02bbhiston, Tabriz, Tiflisdagilar) hamda bid\u02bcat diniy mazhablar boshliqlari, Zaydiylar imomlari, saroy ayonlari, donishmand ulamolar, sayyidlar, hatto Shomdagi salibchilar qo\u02bbmondoni Markiz Konrad Monferatskiy va boshqalar tilga olingan. Mazkur ro\u02bbyxat to\u02bbliq emas\u201d[6: 299-300].<\/span><\/p>\n

765 yildan ijtimoiy-siyosiy, madaniy-ma\u02bcnaviy hayotning barcha jabhalariga ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan ismoiliylarning o\u02bbzboshimcha harakatlariga 1256 yilda Xulaguxon \u201cdavlat ichida davlat\u201d bo\u02bblgan va uzoq vaqt A\u02bclamut qal\u02bcasini fath etgandan so\u02bbng nuqta qo\u02bbydi. Bu davrda ismoiliylarning oxirgi hukmdori bo\u02bblgan Ruknuddin Hurshohning maslahatchisi bo\u02bblgan Nosiriddin Tusiy Ruknuddinga taslim bo\u02bblish maslahatini berdi. Tusiy bu bilan katta qirg\u02bbinning oldini oldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tahlil nuqtasiga olingan ushbu tarixiy davrda falsafa \u00adborasida Nosiriddin Tusiydan boshqa Ishxabuddin Suhravardiy (1145-1234) va Sirojiddin Urmaviy (1198-1283) kabi mutafakkirlarning nomlari ham alohida e\u02bctiborga loyiq edi. Bulardan tashqari, S.Xusravshoh, K.Ibn Yunus, A.Abhariy, N.Naxshivoniy, A.Xunadiy kabi olimlar ham mantiq, falsafa, tabiatshunoslik, ijtimoiy-siyosiy va axloqiy masalalar haqida o\u02bbz ilmiy qarashlarini ilgari surdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ishroqiylik nomli ilmiy maktabga asos qo\u02bbygan Shahobiddin Abulfutuh Suhravardiyning ilmiy jamoatchilikka ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan ilmiy merosi, asosan, to\u02bbrtta fundamental asarni tashkil etadi. Ularning uchtasi mashmoiyyunlar (peripatetik) falsafasiga bag\u02bbishlangan. To\u02bbrtinchisi ishroq nazariyasi haqidagi \u201cHikmatul ishroq\u201d asaridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eron olimi Sayyid Husayn Nasrning e\u02bctiroficha: \u201cSuhravardiy ta\u02bclimoti \u2013 qadimgi Misr, Xaldey, Sabay mintaqalarida rivojlangan ta\u02bclimotlarning ta\u02bcsirida yaratilgan xermetitsizm an\u02bcanalari ta\u02bcsirida bo\u02bblgan\u201d[7: 49].<\/span><\/p>\n

Suhravardiy vafotidan keyin bu maktabning davomchilari qatoriga Shahruzarri (vaf. 1250), Sad ibn Mansur ibn Kammun Isroiliy (vaf. 1277), Qutbiddin Sheroziy (1236-1311), Vadud Tabriziy (vaf. 1524), Sharq olamida Mulla Sadra nomi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan Muhammad ibn Ibrohim Sadrul Mutallihin, Sadriddin Shaxobiddin Fazlulloh Sheroziy (1571-1641) va boshqalarni kiritish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mavlaviylik tariqatining asoschisi Jaloliddin Rumiy bilan juda yaqin aloqada bo\u02bblgan Sirojiddin Urmaviy esa \u201cNurlarning paydo bo\u02bblishi\u201d va \u201cHikmat mayinliklari\u201d nomli buyuk asarlar muallifidir. Bu faylasufga shuhrat keltirgan, mantiq va falsafaga doir \u201cNurlarning paydo bo\u02bblishi\u201dga O\u02bbrta asrlarning bir necha mashhur faylasuflari 30 dan ortiq sharhlar yozgani ma\u02bclumdir. Bundan ko\u02bbrinadiki, Nosiriddin Tusiy shunday buyuk olimlar orasida, katta ilmiy muhitda yashab, ijod qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, Nosiriddin Tusiy yashagan XIII asr ziddiyatli va tahlikali davr bo\u02bblishiga qaramasdan ushbu tarixiy davrda ilm ahllarining himoya qilinishi, bir qancha madrasalar qad rostlashi va shunga o\u02bbxshash madaniy siyosat natijasida Xuroson va Iroqda bir qancha allomalar yetishib chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu bilan birga, Tusiy yashagan davrda jamiyatda turli g\u02bboyalar va falsafiy oqimlar mavjud edi. Ularning turfa-turfa jihatlari allomaning ensiklopedik olim sifatida kamol topishi uchun asos bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayni paytda Nosiriddin Tusiy dunyoqarashi shakllanishiga ta\u02bcsir etgan asosiy omillardan biri uning hayoti ilohiyot, peripatetik falsafa va aniq fanlar gullab-yashnagan davrga to\u02bbg\u02bbri kelganligidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, XII-XIII asrlarda musulmon jamiyatidagi diniy hayotning bir qismiga aylangan tasavvuf va unda yaratilgan asarlar orqali islom qoidalari asoslanishi, \u201cbotiniy yo\u02bbl\u201dning bosqichlari ishlab chiqilishi ham mutafakkir dunyoqarashi shakllanishi uchun zamin bo\u02bblgani ehtimoldan yiroq emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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    \u00a0Nasr S.H. \u0130slam ve ilim. \u0130stanbul, 1989.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Nafisa QO\u02bbShSHAYEVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Buxoro davlat universiteti o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Geografiya sohasida Hamdulloh Mustavfi Qazviniy (1282-1350) va Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuvi (1360-1430) geografik asarlarining mohiyati va dalillarining aniqligi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Bu asarlar orasida Hamidulloh Qazviniyning \u201cKo\u02bbngil nash\u02bcasi\u201d nomli asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Mashhur sayyoh, geograf, iqlimshunos Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuviyning \u201cKitob tayaxis al-asar va ajoyib al-Malik al-Qahhor\u201d (\u201cObidalar haqidagi kitobning muxtasari va …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Geografiya sohasida Hamdulloh Mustavfi Qazviniy (1282-1350) va Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuvi (1360-1430) geografik asarlarining mohiyati va dalillarining aniqligi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Bu asarlar orasida Hamidulloh Qazviniyning \u201cKo\u02bbngil nash\u02bcasi\u201d nomli asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Mashhur sayyoh, geograf, iqlimshunos Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuviyning \u201cKitob tayaxis al-asar va ajoyib al-Malik al-Qahhor\u201d (\u201cObidalar haqidagi kitobning muxtasari va …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-02T06:25:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2021_105.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2021_105.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-02T06:25:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-02T06:25:27+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2021_105.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/bukhari_buxoriy2021_105.jpg\",\"width\":660,\"height\":330},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\",\"name\":\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"description\":\"bukhari.uz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\",\"name\":\"Markaz\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19231&lang=oz","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT(2-qism)","og_description":"Geografiya sohasida Hamdulloh Mustavfi Qazviniy (1282-1350) va Abdurashid Saloh ibn Nuri Bakuvi (1360-1430) geografik asarlarining mohiyati va dalillarining aniqligi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan. Bu asarlar orasida Hamidulloh Qazviniyning \u201cKo\u02bbngil nash\u02bcasi\u201d nomli asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. 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