{"id":19202,"date":"2021-12-01T12:50:40","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T07:50:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=19202"},"modified":"2021-12-01T12:51:51","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T07:51:51","slug":"nosiriddin-tusiy-dunyoqarashining-shakllanishiga-ta%ca%bcsir-etgan-ijtimoiy-siyosiy-vaziyat-va-ma%ca%bcnaviy-muhit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19202&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abu Ja\u02bcfar Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Nosiriddin Tusiy hayoti va faoliyati bilan falsafa tarixida o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga ega buyuk donishmand va ensiklopedik olim sifatida islom falsafasining rivojlanishida unutilmas va abadiy iz qoldirgan. Uning faoliyati nafaqat Sharq va G\u02bbarb tamadduni rivojiga ta\u02bcsir qildi, oddiy xalqdan to ziyolilargacha hammaning hurmatiga sazovor bo\u02bbldi. Shuningdek, uning faoliyati o\u02bbsha davrning g\u02bboyaviy, falsafiy, siyosiy va madaniy darajasini belgilab berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nosiriddin Tusiy yashagan XIII asr butun Yaqin va O\u02bbrta Sharq dunyosi uchun ziddiyatli bir davr edi. XIII asr boshlarida Temuchin \u2013 Chingizxon (1206-1227) tarafidan yaratilgan Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar imperiyasi (1206-1368) ulkan hududga ega edi. Turk va musulmon sulolalarining bu yerdagi hukmronligiga qarshi bo\u02bblgan Ali mo\u02bbg\u02bbul hoqoni Munke 1255 yilda O\u02bbrta Sharqda hokim mavqeiga erishish va bu yerdagi hududlarni fath etish maqsadida qarindoshi Xulaguxonni ushbu yerlarni ishg\u02bbol etish uchun yubordi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ali mo\u02bbg\u02bbul xoqoni Munke xon tarafidan o\u02bblkadagi yerlarning hukmdori deb tayin etilgan mo\u02bbg\u02bbul shahzodasining rahbarligi bilan mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning bu yerda uchinchi yurishining oxirida beshinchi mo\u02bbg\u02bbul ulusining yaratilishiga erishildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1256 yilda Chingizxon avlodidan bo\u02bblgan Xulaguxon (1256-1265) Ozarbayjon va Eron yerlarida Elxoniylar davlatining asosini qo\u02bbydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davrning mashhur ilm ahllarini o\u02bbziga vazir qilgan Xulaguxon Nosiriddin Tusiyning maslahati bilan muhtasham va shonli Abbosiylar sulolasining (750-1258) yarim ming yillik hokimiyatiga chek qo\u02bbyishga jasorat etdi. Xulaguxonning Bag\u02bbdodga yuborilgan elchilari Abbosiy xalifasi tomonidan yaxshi kutib olinmasligi Elxoniy rahbarlarining g\u02bbazabiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Shu tariqa 1258 yil 13 fevralda arablarning hokimiyatiga so\u02bbnggi nuqta qo\u02bbyildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taniqli hind siyosiy arbobi Javoharlal Neru Bag\u02bbdod fojiasini quyidagicha ifodalaydi: \u201cG\u02bbazablangan Xulagu Bag\u02bbdodga hujum qilar edi. Qirq kunlik qamaldan keyin u shaharni egallab oldi. Bu \u201cMing bir kecha\u201d shahrining, besh yuz yillik hukmronlikning oxiri edi. Xalifa, uning o\u02bbg\u02bbillari va yaqin qarindoshlari qatl qilindi. Qirg\u02bbin bir necha hafta davom etdi. Qatliomda yarim million odam halok bo\u02bbldi. Bag\u02bbdod xarobaga aylandi\u2026\u201d[1: 284].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nosiriddin Tusiy mo\u02bbg\u02bbul bosqinchilarining vahshiy harakatlariga befarq tura olmadi. Dono va ehtiyotkor, uzoqni ko\u02bbra oladigan, o\u02bbziga xos dunyoqarash sohibi bo\u02bblgan vazir musulmon sharqi va islom dunyosi uchun ahamiyatli va xayrli ishlarni qilishga ham ulgurganligini quyidagi holatlar bilan ko\u02bbrsatish mumkin:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ilmiy va madaniy ishlarni bajarishdan tashqari kitoblar yozish;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Al-movt qal\u02bcasida joylashgan katta kutubxona mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar tomonidan yoqib yuborilishining oldini olish;<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning g\u02bbazabiga duchor bo\u02bblgan Ibn Abil Hadid kabi olimlarning hayotini saqlab qolish;<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Bir qator olimlarning o\u02bbzaro hamkorligi natijasida Marog\u02bba rasadxonasining yaratilishi;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    5.Observatoriyaga tegishli katta kutubxonani tayyorlash[2: 313].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ushbu tarixiy davrda Jo\u02bbjining o\u02bbg\u02bbli Botuxon (1240-1255) yaratgan Qizil O\u02bbrda davlati bilan Xulagular davlati o\u02bbrtasida ziddiyat, o\u02bbzaro kelishmovchilik mavjud edi. Xulagular davlati Qizil O\u02bbrda davlati yerlariga hujum qilib, ularning sarhadlariga rahna solar va mavqeiga xalal yetkazar edi. 1255 yilda Botuxonning o\u02bblimidan keyin Berkaxon (1257-1266) musulmonlikni qabul qildi. Berkaxon musulmonlarni o\u02bbldirmasligini bahona qilib, bu bosqinlarni yanada kuchaytirdi. Bu hudud davlat aholisining aksariyati turk bo\u02bblgan Ozarbayjon yerlari edi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar o\u02bbz mentalitetida ko\u02bbchmanchilik hayoti va o\u02bbtroq hayot tarzida yashagan mahalliy aholi bilan uyg\u02bbunlashgan edi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullarning musulmon bo\u02bblgan Jo\u02bbji ulusi bilan butparast Xulagu ulusining bu haqsiz tuproq iddaolari natijasida ushbu hududdagi iqtisodiy-madaniy hayot maqtarli darajada emas edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nosiriddin Tusiy yashab ijod etgan davrda musulmon dunyosining ilm ahli turli-tuman ilmlar sohasida buyuk ishlarga bel bog\u02bblagan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ushbu tarixiy davrda masjidlarda, xonaqohlarda va Dorul Qur\u02bcon nomli o\u02bbquv maskanlarida asosan shariat, din arkonlari va Qur\u02bcon o\u02bbrgatilar edi. Boshqa fanlar bo\u02bbyicha ma\u02bclumotlar berilar edi. Ta\u02bclimning \u201cMazhar\u201d deb nomlangan shaklida esa asosan ustoz o\u02bbz shogirdi bilan mustaqil shug\u02bbullanar edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu davrda mashhur bo\u02bblgan madrasalar orasida Tabrizda \u201cQazaniyya\u201d, \u201cFalakiyya\u201d, \u201cShayx Kamoliddin Xo\u02bbjandiy\u201d, \u201cDamashqiyya\u201d, \u201cQozi Shayx Ali\u201d, \u201cMaqsudiyya\u201d, \u201cMuzaffariyya\u201d, \u201cNasriyya\u201d, \u201cShafeiyya\u201d, \u201cHanafiyya\u201d, \u201cShoh masjidi\u201d va boshqalarning nomini ko\u02bbrsatish mumkin[3: 19].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nosiriddin Tusiydan so\u02bbng Elxoniylarning saroy hokimi va vaziri bo\u02bblgan Fazlilloh Rashiduddin tomonidan XIV asrning boshida Tabrizda \u201cRabi Rashidiy\u201d shaharchasida \u201cDorush shafo\u201d nomli ilmiy markaz, maktab yaratildi. Bu buyuk ilm shaharchasi Sharqning madaniyat markaziga aylandi. \u201cRabi Rashidiy\u201d Yaqin va O\u02bbrta Sharqda Bag\u02bbdoddagi \u201cNizomiya\u201d madrasasidan keyingi eng nufuzli ta\u02bclim muassasalaridan biriga aylandi. Bu rasadxonada qilingan tadqiqotlar Yevropa olimlar asarlarida o\u02bbz ifodasini topdi. U shu davrda faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan boshqa rasadxonalarning, jumladan, mashhur Ulug\u02bbbek va Pekin rasadxonalarining faoliyatiga ijobiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Arab tarixchisi Muhammad ibn Shokir Qurtubiy \u201cFavvatul vafayat\u201d nomli asarida qo\u02bblyozma nusxalar bo\u02bblganini qayd etadi. \u201cBu katta kutubxonani tashkil etgan ilmiy asarlar, shariatga oid risolalar va boshqa mavzularda yozilgan kitoblarning paydo bo\u02bblishida Nosiriddin Tusiyning katta xizmati bor. Ular faylasufning rahbarligi va yaqin ishtiroki natijasida qo\u02bbshni mamlakatlardan, asosan arab tilli o\u02bblkalaridan to\u02bbplangan edi\u201d[4: 13].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xulaguxonning vaziri bo\u02bblib ishlagan Nosiriddin Tusiy uzoq vaqt chekkan zahmatdan so\u02bbng rasadxonada ishlashga ruxsat oladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Turli-tuman millatlar vakillarini bu rasadxonada to\u02bbplagan faylasuf davrning fanatik ruhli insonlariga maydon ochib berdi. Turli aqidalar, xilma-xil dunyoqarashli, bir-birining aksini tashkil etgan tariqat va jarayon namoyandalarini bir yerda to\u02bbplagan olim o\u02bbz davrining gumanist (insonparvar) va hur fikrli insonlari uchun o\u02bbziga xos o\u02bbrnak vazifasini bajardi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Rasadxonada yig\u02bbilganlar katta ilmiy faoliyat bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bbldi. Olimlar orasida faylasuflar, huquqshunoslar, geograflar, tarixchilar, tibbiyot, riyoziyot, astronomiya sohasida ijod qilgan olimlar nozik ilmlarga oid asarlar yaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Riyoziyot sohasida Shamsiddin Ubayd Tabriziyning \u201cRisolatul hisob\u201d (\u201cHisob-kitob haqida risola\u201d), Abdulloh Tabriziyning \u201cSaodatnoma\u201d (\u201cSaodat kaliti\u201d) asarlari mashhur edi. \u201cXIV-XVI asrlarda Abdulloh Tabriziy, Shoh Fatilloh Shirvoniy, Sayyid Yahyo Bakuvi, Badriddin Amir Sayyid Lalavi, Qiyosiddin Shirvoniy, XVII asrda Nasrulloh Halxamning riyoziyot, astronomiya va mantiqqa doir asarlari ma\u02bclumdir. Nosiriddin Tusiydan so\u02bbng riyoziyot ilmining yakuni Muhammad Badidbiy, Muhammad Bakir Tabriziy, Ali Muhammad Badidbiyning nomlari bilan bog\u02bbliqdir\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tibbiyot sohasida Sharq o\u02bblkalarida tanilgan Muhammad Naxchivoniy, Fazlilloh Rashididdin ham shu davrda faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatdi. O\u02bbsha kezlari dorushshifo va dorixonalar ham ishladi. Vaqf hisobiga ishlagan bu muassasalarda Hindiston, Xitoy va Misrdan kelgan mutaxassislar faoliyat yuritdi. Ba\u02bczi tarixiy manbalarda XIII asr oxirida 67 ta dorushshifo bo\u02bblgani va bu yerda har 5 yilda 2 ta yuksak ixtisoslik bo\u02bbyicha hakim yetishib chiqqani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu davrda yozilgan tarixiy asarlar mualliflarining ko\u02bbpchiligiga ko\u02bbra tadqiqotchilar XIII-XIV asrlarni \u201cEron (Sharq) tarixshunosligining qizil davri\u201d, deb ataydi. Hamidulloh Qazviniy, Fazlulloh Rashididdin, Sh.Vassaf, A.Juvayniy, Sharofiddin Ali Yazdiy kabi tarixchilarning yetmishdan ortiq qo\u02bblyozmalari tarix ilmining yuksak natijasi, deya baholanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xususan, Xulagularning bosh vaziri bo\u02bblgan tabib va tarixchi Fazlilloh Rashiduddin (1247-1318) tarixga doir 14 tomli asar yozdi. Uning \u201cTarixlar to\u02bbplami\u201d, Hamidulloh Qazviniyning \u201cSochilgan tarixning davomi\u201d, Ali Yazdiyning \u201cSharafnoma\u201dsi tarixiy kitoblar orasida asosiy asarlar hisoblanadi. Bulardan tashqari, M.Tabriziy, T. Ibn Bazzoz, A. Ahari, M.Naxshivandiy, N.Shomiy, N.Ganjali ham Sharqda tanilgan mo\u02bbtabar tarixchilardan sanalgan.\u00a0Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      Nehru.C. \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya tarixin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r. Bak\u0131, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u018fliyeva S. N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin v\u0259 Rixard Vaqnerin yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0259xlaq fenome 2011.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Namiq Abbasov, R\u0259him H\u0259s\u0259nov. N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin m\u00fcdriklik f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259si, Bak\u0131, 2012.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      M\u0259mm\u0259dova A. N\u0259sir\u0259ddin Tusinin d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. Bak\u0131, 2001.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      Muzaffarov F.D. G\u02bbazzoliyning inson haqidagi ta\u02bclimotning ilmiy-falsafiy asoslari. Falsafa doktori (PhD) ilmiy darajasini olish uchun yozilgan dissertatsiya. Samarqand, 2019.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    6. \n
      Petrushevskiy I.P. Islam v Irane v XII-XV vekax. (Kurs leksii). \u2013L: Izd-vo Leningrad. Un-ta, 1966.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    7. \n
      Nasr S.H. \u0130slam ve ilim. \u0130stanbul, 1989.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Nafisa QO\u02bbShSHAYEVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Buxoro davlat universiteti o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Abu Ja\u02bcfar Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Nosiriddin Tusiy hayoti va faoliyati bilan falsafa tarixida o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga ega buyuk donishmand va ensiklopedik olim sifatida islom falsafasining rivojlanishida unutilmas va abadiy iz qoldirgan. Uning faoliyati nafaqat Sharq va G\u02bbarb tamadduni rivojiga ta\u02bcsir qildi, oddiy xalqdan to ziyolilargacha hammaning hurmatiga sazovor bo\u02bbldi. Shuningdek, uning faoliyati o\u02bbsha davrning …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=19202&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NOSIRIDDIN TUSIY DUNYOQARASHINING SHAKLLANISHIGA TA\u02bcSIR ETGAN IJTIMOIY-SIYOSIY VAZIYAT VA MA\u02bcNAVIY MUHIT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abu Ja\u02bcfar Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Nosiriddin Tusiy hayoti va faoliyati bilan falsafa tarixida o\u02bbz o\u02bbrniga ega buyuk donishmand va ensiklopedik olim sifatida islom falsafasining rivojlanishida unutilmas va abadiy iz qoldirgan. Uning faoliyati nafaqat Sharq va G\u02bbarb tamadduni rivojiga ta\u02bcsir qildi, oddiy xalqdan to ziyolilargacha hammaning hurmatiga sazovor bo\u02bbldi. 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