{"id":18907,"date":"2021-11-16T10:25:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T05:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18907"},"modified":"2021-11-16T10:25:20","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T05:25:20","slug":"usulul-fiqh-ilmining-uch-ustuni2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18907&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"\u201cUSULUL FIQH\u201d ILMINING UCH USTUNI(2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ammo muallif \u201cUsul\u201d asarini qachon yozib tugatgani haqida xabar qoldirmagan. Asarni yozishga kirishganidan vafotiga qadar bo\u02bblgan muddat qisqaligi hamda asar mavzularini taqsimlash, tartiblashda ochiqlanmagan ayrim mavhumliklar borligi uni yakunlagandan so\u02bbng qayta ko\u02bbrib chiqish, tahrirlash imkoniyatiga ega bo\u02bblmaganini bildiradi. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, asar yuqori ilmiy saviyada yozilgani sababli har doim ilm ahlining e\u02bctibor markazida bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUsulus Saraxsiy\u201d 1954 yil Abul Vafo Afg\u02bboniy tomonidan ikki jildda nashrga tayyorlanib, Hindistonning Haydarobod shahrida \u201cDorul maorif No\u02bbmoniya\u201d nashriyotida chop etilgan. Keyinchalik Bayrutda 1973, 1993 va 1997 yillari qayta nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hanafiylik usulul fiqhi Faxrul islom Ali ibn Muhammad Pazdaviy ilmiy faoliyati orqali o\u02bbzining eng yuqori darajasiga ko\u02bbtarildi. Olim o\u02bbzining \u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201d nomi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan \u201cKanzul usul ila ma\u02bcrifatil usul\u201d asarida o\u02bbzigacha bo\u02bblgan usulga oid barcha qarash, yondashuv, rivoyat va dalillarni jamladi hamda ularni yangicha uslub bilan tahrirlab, ixchamlashtirib, aniqlashtirib berdi. Natijada mazkur kitob usulul fiqh xulosasi o\u02bblaroq yuzaga keldi va keyingi davr manbalari asosan unga tayanib yozildi. Mashhur arab tarixchisi Ibn Xaldun (1332-1406) o\u02bbzining mashhur \u201cMuqaddima\u201dsida: \u201cUsulul fiqhning hanafiylar yo\u02bbnalishida juda ko\u02bbp asarlar yozilgan. Avvalgilardan Abu Zayd Dabusiyning kitobi, keyingilardan Sayful islom Pazdaviyning asari eng foydali va mukammalidir\u201d, deb e\u02bctirof etadi [13: 428].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201d asari muqaddimasida muallif uni yozishdan ko\u02bbzlagan maqsadi haqida to\u02bbxtalib o\u02bbtgan: \u201cFanni muxtasar holda, aniq va tizim bilan yoritib berish, amaliy misollar bilan bog\u02bblab tushuntirish toki o\u02bbz bobida murojaat etiladigan manba bo\u02bblsin\u201d. Muallifning maqsadi qanchalik amalga oshganini asarlar haqida ma\u02bclumot beruvchi mashhur manba \u2013 \u201cKashfuz zunun\u201d (\u201cShubhalarni ochish\u201d)da kelgan quyidagi jumlalardan bilish mumkin: \u201cUsulul Pazdaviy o\u02bbzida qimmatli ma\u02bclumotlarni jamlagan muhim manbadir va faqihlar unga sharh yozishda go\u02bbyo musobaqa qilgan\u201d. Mazkur satrlar muallifi Hoji Xalifa so\u02bbzining davomida asarga yozilgan sharhlardan o\u02bbndan ortig\u02bbi haqida ma\u02bclumot berib o\u02bbtgan [14: 182].<\/span><\/p>\n

Usulul fiqhga oid keyingi davr adabiyotlarining barchasi \u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201dga bevosita yoki bilvosita bog\u02bbliq ekanini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Asarga bevosita sharh, hoshiya, taxrij, muxtasar va muntaxab turkumida yozilgan kitoblar soni juda ko\u02bbp bo\u02bblib, tadqiqotlarda hozirgacha aniqlangan ellikka yaqin ana shunday asar haqida ma\u02bclumot beriladi [15: 198]. Jumladan, Hamiduddin Ali Romishiy Buxoriy (vaf. 667\/1268 y.)ning \u201cFavaid ala usulil Bazdaviy\u201d, Husomiddin Husayn Sig\u02bbnoqiy Buxoriyning (vaf. 714\/1314 y.) \u201cKofiy sharhul Bazdaviy\u201d, Alouddin Abdulaziz ibn Ahmad Buxoriy (vaf. 730\/1330 y.)ning \u201cKashful asror an Usuli Faxril islom Bazdaviy\u201d va Akmaluddin Bobartiy Misriy (vaf. 786\/1398)ning \u201cTaqrir li usulil Bazdaviy\u201d nomli sharhlari, Abulfido Zaynuddin Qosim ibn Qutlubug\u02bbo (vaf. 1474 y.)ning \u201cTaxrij ahadisi Usul Bazdaviy\u201d asari hamda Husomuddin Axsikatiy Farg\u02bboniyning (vaf. 644\/1246 y.)ning \u201cMuntaxabul Husomiya\u201d va Abul Barakot Nasafiy (vaf. 710\/1310)ning \u201cManorul anvor\u201d nomli muxtasar (qisqartma)lari \u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201d asosida yozilgan mashhur manbalardir. Ular bir necha marta nashr etilgan [16: 142].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201dning 2016 yilgi nashrini amalga oshirgan Doktor Said Bekdosh Faxrul islom Pazdaviy va uning saboqdosh do\u02bbsti Shamsul aimma Saraxsiyning sohaga oid \u201cUsul\u201d asarlari qiyosiy o\u02bbrganib, bunday xulosa qiladi: \u201cPazdaviyning \u201cUsul\u201d asari Saraxsiyning shu sohadagi kitobidan ancha oldin yozilgan edi va \u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201d hamda \u201cUsulus Saraxsiy\u201d o\u02bbrtasida uslub va ma\u02bclumotlarda o\u02bbxshashliklar mavjudligi, hatto ba\u02bczi o\u02bbrinlar bir-biriga harfma-harf monand ekanidan, Pazdaviyning asari muallif davridayoq ilm ahli e\u02bctiboriga tushgani va asosiy tayanch manba sifatida qabul qilinganini bilish mumkin\u201d [17: 29].<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalarda Faxrul islom Pazdaviy Dabusiyning \u201cTaqvimul adilla\u201dsiga izoh va qisqartma sifatida \u201cSharh Taqvimul adilla\u201d hamda \u201cMuntaxab Taqvimul adilla\u201d nomli asarlar yozgani keltirilsa-da, ularning faqat ikkinchisi bizgacha yetib kelgan [18: 126].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUsulul Pazdaviy\u201dning dunyo bo\u02bbylab qo\u02bblyozma nusxalari ham keng tarqalgani ilmiy doiralarda uni tan olingan manba sifatida qabul qilinishini bildiradi. G\u02bbarb olimi Karl Brokelman asarning Yevropa, Osiyo, Shimoliy Afrika mamlakatlaridagi kitob fondlarida saqlanayotgan yigirma beshta qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi haqida ma\u02bclumot keltirgan [19: 289]. Abu Rayhon Beruniy nomidagi Sharqshunoslik instituti asosiy fondida ham asarning uchta nodir qo\u02bblyozma nusxasi \u2116 1397, \u2116 3112, \u2116 4739 inventar raqamlari bilan saqlanmoqda[9: 187].<\/span><\/p>\n

Dabusiy, Saraxsiy va Pazdaviy asarlari orqali usulul fiqh ilmi o\u02bbzining yakuniy shakli va mazmuniga ega bo\u02bbldi va ular haqli ravishda fanning \u201carkonus salasa\u201d (\u201cuch ustuni\u201d) unvoniga sazovor bo\u02bbldi. Butun musulmon ummati ularning so\u02bbzlarini, asarlarida bildirgan fikrlarini eng to\u02bbg\u02bbri va yakuniy xulosa sifatida qabul qiladi [3: 16].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, usulul fiqh ilmi dastavval Iroq o\u02bblkasida yuzaga kelgan bo\u02bblsa-da, keyingi asrlarda movarounnahrlik faqihlar sa\u02bcy-harakatlari bilan rivojlanib, to\u02bblaqonli fan sifatida shakllandi. Mazkur faqihlardan Abu Zayd Dabusiy, Faxrul islom Pazdaviy va Shamsul aimma Saraxsiy o\u02bbz ilmiy ishlari orqali hanafiylik usulini to\u02bbliq shakllantirdi, mavzularini tizimga va tartibga solib chiqdi hamda barcha qarash va fikrlarni umumlashtirib, tahrirdan o\u02bbtkazdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Movarounnahrlik ulamolarning usulul fiqhga oid asarlari butun musulmon olamida e\u02bctiborli manbalar sifatida qaraladi. Ularda ko\u02bbtarilgan masalalar bugungi kunda ham dolzarblik kasb etib, ilmiy dargohlarda darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitiladi. Islom dini maqsadi va mazmun-mohiyatini teran anglashga bag\u02bbishlangan mazkur asarlar jamiyatimizda dinni to\u02bbg\u02bbri tushunish bilan bog\u02bbliq ayrim muammolarni hal etishda muhim ahamiyatga egadir.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sayyid Sharif Jurjoniy. Ta\u02bcrifot. \u2013 Bayrut: Dor al-kutub al-ilmiya, 1983.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Pazdaviy \u2013 arabcha manbalarda Bazdaviy (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u062f\u0648\u064a) shaklida qo\u02bbllangan. Ammo o\u02bbzbek olimlari til xususiyatidan kelib chiqib, \u201cPazdaviy\u201d shaklida qabul qilingan. U.Uvatov. Buyuk allomalar yurti. \u2013 T.: \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston\u201d NMIU, 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Fahriddin Attor. Usulul fiqh. \u2013 Istanbul: IFAV, 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Abdulhamid Haysam. Tatovvur al-fikr al-usuliy. \u2013 Ar-Riyod: Muhammad ibn Sa\u02bcud universiteti, 1998.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Faxru-l-islom Ali ibn Muhammad Pazdaviy. Usulul Pazdaviy. \u2013 Karachi: Mir Muhammad kutubxonasi, 1909.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Abu Bakr Jassos. al-Fusul fi ilmil usul. \u2013 Bahrut: Dorul kutub al-ilmiya, 1996. \u2013 J I.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Z. Najmiddinov. Abu Zayd ad-Dabusiy ilmiy merosining Movarounnahr fiqh ilmi rivojidagi o\u02bbrni. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzXIA nashriyot-matbaa birlashmasi, 2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Abu Zayd Dabusiy. Taqvimul adilla \/\/ noshir Xalil Muhyiddin al-Mis \/. Dor al-kutub al-ilmiya, 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. O\u02bbzSSR fanlar akademiyasining sharq qo\u02bblyozmalari to\u02bbplami (SVR) \/\/ muharrir A.A.Semyonov. T.: O\u02bbzSSR FA nashriyoti, 1957. \u2013J. IV.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Fuad Sezgin. Tarix at-turos al-arabiy. Ar-Riyod: Muhammad ibn Sa\u02bcud universiteti, 1991. \u2013 J. 3.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Abu Zayd Dabusiy. Ta\u02bcsis an-nazar. \u2013 Qohira: Maktabatu Subayh, 1974.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. Muhammad Abu Bakr Saraxsiy. Usul \/\/Abul Vafo Afg\u02bboniy tahriri ostida \/. \u2013 Haydarobod: Dor al-ma\u02bcorif an-No\u02bbmoniya, 1957. \u2013 J. I.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. Abdulhakim Shar\u02bciy Juzjoniy. Islom huqushunosligi. Hanafiy mazhabi va O\u02bbrta Osiyo faqihlari. \u2013T.: \u201cTIU\u201d nashriyoti, 2002.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Ibn Xaldun. Al-Muqaddima. \u2013 Qohira: Maktabatu Ibn Taymiya, 1980.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Hoji Xalifa. Kashfuz zunun an asamil kutub val funun. \u2013 Bayrut. Dor kutub al-ilmiya, 1992. \u2013 J. 1.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. S.G\u02bbaybullayev. Usulul Pazdaviy asosida yozilgan asarlar. \u2013 Samarqand: \u201cImom Buxoriy saboqlari\u201d jurnali. 2021 (maxsus son).<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. Hisomiddin Sig\u02bbnoqiy. Al-Kofiy \/\/Faxruddin Muhammadsayyid Muhammadqonit tahriri ostida\/. \u2013 Ar-Riyod. Maktaba ar-Rushd, 2001.<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. Faxrul islom Ali ibn Muhammad Pazdaviy. Usulul Pazdaviy \/\/doktor Said Bekdosh tahriri ostida\/. \u2013 Madina: Dorus siroj. 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n
  19. K.Brokelman. Tarixul adab al-arabi \/\/ arab tiliga tarjimon Doktor Abdulhalim Najjor \/. \u2013 Qohira: Dor al-Ma\u02bcorif, 1989. \u2013 J. III.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Saidahmadxon G\u02bbAYBULLAYEV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    O\u02bbzbekiston xalqaro islom akademiyasi tayanch doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ammo muallif \u201cUsul\u201d asarini qachon yozib tugatgani haqida xabar qoldirmagan. Asarni yozishga kirishganidan vafotiga qadar bo\u02bblgan muddat qisqaligi hamda asar mavzularini taqsimlash, tartiblashda ochiqlanmagan ayrim mavhumliklar borligi uni yakunlagandan so\u02bbng qayta ko\u02bbrib chiqish, tahrirlash imkoniyatiga ega bo\u02bblmaganini bildiradi. Shunday bo\u02bblsa-da, asar yuqori ilmiy saviyada yozilgani sababli har doim ilm ahlining e\u02bctibor markazida bo\u02bblgan. \u201cUsulus Saraxsiy\u201d …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cUSULUL FIQH\u201d ILMINING UCH USTUNI(2-qism)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18907&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cUSULUL FIQH\u201d ILMINING UCH USTUNI(2-qism)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ammo muallif \u201cUsul\u201d asarini qachon yozib tugatgani haqida xabar qoldirmagan. Asarni yozishga kirishganidan vafotiga qadar bo\u02bblgan muddat qisqaligi hamda asar mavzularini taqsimlash, tartiblashda ochiqlanmagan ayrim mavhumliklar borligi uni yakunlagandan so\u02bbng qayta ko\u02bbrib chiqish, tahrirlash imkoniyatiga ega bo\u02bblmaganini bildiradi. 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