{"id":18808,"date":"2021-11-10T10:19:08","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T05:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18808"},"modified":"2021-11-10T10:19:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T05:19:08","slug":"alish%d0%b5r-navoiyning-hayratul-abror-dostonida-sabr-talqini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18808&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"ALISH\u0415R NAVOIYNING \u201cHAYRATUL ABROR\u201d DOSTONIDA SABR TALQINI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u02bbzining bebaho badiiy va ilmiy asarlari bilan Sharq xalqlari taraqqiyotiga kuchli ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan ulug\u02bb mutafakkir Alisher Navoiyning bebaho asarlarida insoniy tuyg\u02bbularning oliy darajadagi talqinini ko\u02bbramiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulug\u02bb Tangri tomonidan insonga berilgan ne\u02bcmatlarning barcha-barchasi Alisher Navoiy qalamidan chetda qolmagan. U o\u02bbz ijodida har bir voqea-hodisa, his-tuyg\u02bbuga alohida e\u02bctibor bilan qaraydi. Uning hayotdagi doimiy hamrohi bo\u02bblgan ilhom, shoirlik iqtidori, haqiqatni anglashga bo\u02bblgan ehtiyoj, ilohiy ma\u02bcrifat, baxt, tole\u02bc, ilm, tafakkur va bularning zamirida yotgan asosiy narsa, ya\u02bcni sabr uning ijodida asosiy o\u02bbrinni egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hazrat Alisher Navoiyning o\u02bblmas merosini ba\u02bczida tubsiz ummonga, ba\u02bczida bahosini hech bir mezon bilan o\u02bblchab bo\u02bblmaydigan duru javohirlar xazinasiga qiyoslaymiz. Asrlar davomida jahonning ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan tilshunoslari-yu, adabiyotshunoslari uning bebaho ijodiyotining badiiyligi va til xususiyatlarini yoritib berishga harakat qilmoqdalar. Natijada, Alisher Navoiy ijodining yangi-yangi qirralarini zabt etishga muyassar bo\u02bblmoqdalar. Ammo bular Navoiy ijod ummonidan bir qatra, bebaho xazinasidan bir misqol, xolos. Biz bu ilmiy risolaning ushbu qismida Alisher Navoiyning \u201cHayrat ul-abror\u201d dostonida qo\u02bbllangan sabr talqiniga to\u02bbxtalmoqchimiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz odatda nochorlikdan qiynalgan paytlarida boriga shukr qiladigan insonni sabrli inson deymiz. Sabr so\u02bbziga \u201cO\u02bbzbek tilining izohli lug\u02bbati\u201dda 2 xil ta\u02bcrif beriladi. \u201cSabr (arabcha \u2013 chidam, bardosh, iroda, qat\u02bciyat.) 1. Biror holat yoki hodisani bardosh bilan kutish, qanoat hosil qilish; 2. G\u02bbam-kulfat, musibatlarga chidash, toqat qilish, bardosh berish\u201d[1: 409].<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasavvufiy tushuncha sifatida sabr Tariqat bosqichlari\u00adning maqomlaridan biridir. \u201cMaqomat \u2013 maqom (manzil, bekat) so\u02bbzining ko\u02bbpligi bo\u02bblib, solikning ruhiy-ma\u02bcnaviy kamoloti bosqichlarini anglatadi. Abu Nasr Sarroj tariqatning quyidagi maqomlarini qayd etgan: 1. Tavba 2. Vara\u02bc 3. Zuhd 4. Faqr 5. Sabr \u00a06. Xavf\u00a0 7. Rajo 8.Tavakkul\u00a0 9. Rizo\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sabr-toqat, chidam \u2013 so\u02bbfiylar tilida qiyinchiliklardan shikoyat qilmaslik, ayniqsa, Xudodan boshqaga nola-iltijo qilmaslik. Sabr etuvchi (sobir) o\u02bbzini balo girdobiga solib, balolardan qo\u02bbrqmaydigan odamdir. \u201cSabr kushoyish uchun intizorlikdir\u201d (Sahl Tustariy), ya\u02bcni ruhiy-ma\u02bcnaviy mushkulliklar yuz berganda, sabr qilgan solik kushoyish topadi, ya\u02bcni manzillarini kashf etadi\u201d[2: 26-28].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cHayrat ul-abror\u201d dostoni ibratli fikrlarga boyligi, mazmun-mohiyati jihatidan qimmatliligi bilan ahamiyatlidir. Ma\u02bclumki, asarda 20 ta maqolat keltirilgan. Ushbu maqolatlarda ko\u02bbtarilgan masalalar barcha zamonlar uchun xosdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dostonning dastlabki maqolati \u2013 \u201cIymon sharhida\u201d. Navoiy iymonli insonga xos sifatlarni yozar ekan, ko\u02bbpchilik tomonidan javob topilmay kelayotgan bir savolga, ya\u02bcni \u201cQanday insonni jamiki ezgu xislatlarga ega inson deyishimiz mumkin?\u201d, \u2013 degan savolga javobni maqolatning 10-baytida beradi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Bas ani inson atag\u02bbil beriyo,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Kim ishidur sabr ila shukr-u hayo<\/strong>\u00a0[3].<\/span><\/div>\n

Ya\u02bcni: Sen shunday odamni to\u02bbg\u02bbri, riyosiz deb bilgin, qachonki u sabr bilan, shukru hayo bilan ish ko\u02bbrsa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Darhaqiqat, insonning hayot deb atalmish bu maskanda yuksak ma\u02bcnaviyatli shaxs deya tan olinishi eng murakkab va mushkul ishdir. Bu nomga sazovor bo\u02bblish uchun shoir nazdida insonda eng avvalo sabr bo\u02bblishi lozim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alisher Navoiy tomonidan yuksak ardoqlangan ustozi Abu Lays Samarqandiy insonlarning yaxshi darajasiga yetishishi haqida: \u201cBilgilki, banda yaxshilarning darajasiga aziyatlar va mashaqqatlarga sabr qilish bilan erishadi\u201d[4: 257], \u2013 deydi. Bu masalada ustoz-shogird munosabatlaridagi hamfikrlikni ko\u02bbrish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navoiy asarlarini o\u02bbqir ekanmiz, unda bir-biriga zid bo\u02bblgan obrazlarga duch kelamiz. \u201cHayrat ul-abror\u201dning XXXV bobida ham biri sabrli bo\u02bblgan, ikkinchisi sabrsiz va shoshqaloq bo\u02bblgan ikki hamroh hikoyati keltiriladi. Bu haqda navoiyshunos olim I.Haqqul quyidagilarni bayon etadi: \u201cNavoiy aksariyat o\u02bbrinlarda nodonga dononi zid qo\u02bbyib mushohada yuritadi. Bu go\u02bbyo qorong\u02bbulikka qarshi yorug\u02bblik haqida so\u02bbzlayotganga o\u02bbxshaydi\u201d[5: 55]. Shoir hikoyatida hamrohlar yo\u02bblda bir toshga duch kelishadi. Toshning orqa tarafida bir yozuv bo\u02bblib, unda xazina haqida gapirilgandi. Mashaqqatiga bardosh bergan inson xazinaga ega bo\u02bblar ekan. Bu mashaqqatlardan yiroq yurishni istagan kishi uchun eng yaxshi narsa \u2013 sabr qilishdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Har kishi bu ranjdin o\u02bblsa yiroq,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Sabr-u qanoat boridin yaxshiroq.<\/strong>\u00a0(125-bet)<\/span><\/div>\n

Sabrli inson hamrohining boylik hirsida toshning tagini qazishga tushib ketganligini ko\u02bbrib, beparvo o\u02bbtib ketadi va bir shaharga borib qoladi. Darvozadan birinchi kirgan kishi ushbu mamlakatga podshoh bo\u02bblishi belgilangan edi. U mamlakat shohi bo\u02bbladi. Shoshqaloq esa ko\u02bbp mehnat qilib, yakunida \u201cKim xomtama bo\u02bblsa, u dunyoda doim azobda\u201d, degan yozuvgagina erishib, tamagirlikda xor-zor bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Oni qanoat qilibon shahriyor,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Muni tama\u02bc ranji qilib xoksor.<\/strong>\u00a0(126-bet)<\/span><\/div>\n

Navoiy bu hikoyat orqali sabr insonni har qanday vaziyatda to\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga boshlashini dalillaydi. Hikoyat Gulxaniyning \u201cZarbulmasal\u201d asaridagi Yapaloqqush va Ko\u02bbrqush o\u02bbrtasidagi suhbatni eslatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Sabr bilan basta eshikdur kushod,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Sabr bilan topadi eranlar murod.<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Sabr qilsang g\u02bboradin halvo bitar,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Besabrlar o\u02bbz ayog\u02bbidin yitar<\/strong>\u00a0[6: 13].<\/span><\/div>\n

Kushod \u2013 ochilgan, ochiq ma\u02bcnosini ifodalaydi. Eran \u2013 1. Erkak, odam, inson. 2. Askar, soldat ma\u02bcnosida qo\u02bbllaniladi[7: 212-217]. Sabrli inson uchun barcha eshiklar ochiq. Bunday inson, albatta, o\u02bbz murodiga yetadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navoiy asarning alohida bir bobida sabr timsoli hisoblanmish Ayyub payg\u02bbambar haqida hikoya qiladi. Bob so\u02bbngida lirik chekinish sifatida yozilgan ikki-uch baytli soqiynoma shoirning sabrga bo\u02bblgan munosabati va uning shaxsiyatidagi kuchli iroda sohibi ekanligini ko\u02bbrsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Bot bo\u02bblu bir jom ila yetuk futuh,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Sabr esa Ayyubcha, yo\u02bbq umri Nuh.<\/strong>\u00a0(174-bet)<\/span><\/div>\n

Ushbu bayt tasavvufiy mazmunga ega. Shoir umrim Nuh umricha bo\u02bblmasa ham, sabrda Ayyubcha borman deydi. Ma\u02bclumki, Ayyub payg\u02bbambar sabr-toqat timsoli sifatida talqin etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maloyiklar Yaratganga Ayyub faqat senga ibodat qilgani uchun unga behisob davlat \u2013 ilohiy xislat berilgan, deb malomat qiladilar. Alloh bu ne\u02bcmatlarni bermasam ham uning ishi toatdir, deya g\u02bbaybdan balo yuborib, uni sinaydi. O\u02bbn o\u02bbg\u02bbli tom bosib halok bo\u02bbladi, o\u02bbzi xastalikka uchrab, butun tanasini qurt qoplab oladi. Odamlar o\u02bbzlarini undan chetga olishadi. Ayoli tilanchilik qilib, unga mehribonchilik ko\u02bbrsatadi. Shayton ayol qiyofasiga kirib, pul berib sochidan qirqib berishini so\u02bbraydi. Va erkak qiyofasiga qaytib, uni Ayyubga ko\u02bbrsatadi\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Olim shoirning bir jumlasiga e\u02bctibor qaratadi: \u201cBadanidagi qurtlarning birortasi tushib ketguday bo\u02bblsa, Ayyub uni olib qayta joyiga qo\u02bbyar, sizlarni Tangri nasib etgan derdi\u201d. Alloh inoyati bilan u yana sog\u02bbayadi. Xotini Rahimaning pokligi isbotlanadi. Halok bo\u02bblgan bolalari tirilib keladilar[8].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Diqqatingizni yana bir narsaga qaratmoqchimiz. Nima uchun mutafakkir iymonga bag\u02bbishlangan bobda sabrga yuksak baho beradi? Bizningcha, Navoiy sabrni iymonning ajralmas bir qismi, uning asosi deb talqin qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, Navoiyning \u201cHayrat ul-abror\u201d dostonining o\u02bbn ikki, o\u02bbn to\u02bbqqiz, yigirma besh, qirq yettinchi boblarining har birida bir baytdan iborat 8 misra she\u02bcrda sabr tilga olinadi. Ushbu misralardan quyidagilar anglashiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Asar pandnoma bo\u02bblganligi sababli sabrli bo\u02bblish haqida o\u02bbgit beradi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Insonning yaxshiligi, to\u02bbg\u02bbriligi uning sabrliligi bilan o\u02bblchanadi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Sabrsiz qay ahvolga tushishini hikoya orqali obrazli aks ettiradi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Navoiyning \u201cIlmi nujum\u201ddan ham yaxshi xabardorligi.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Mutafakkir shaxsiyatidagi sabrlilik xususiyatining yuksakligi va boshqalar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      O\u02bbzbek tilining izohli lug\u02bbati. 3-tom. \u2013T.: \u201cO\u02bbzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi\u201d Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Komilov N. Tasavvuf. \u2013 T.: Movarounnahr, 2009.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Alisher Navoiy. Hayrat ul-abror. \u2013T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2006. \u2013B. 74. (Izoh: boshqa misollar ham shu manbadan olinib, sahifada beti ko\u02bbrsatiladi.)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      Tafakkur durdonalari. 111 Vatandosh allomalarimizning hikmatli fikrlari. \u2013 T., 2012.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      Ibrohim Haqqul. Mushohada yog\u02bbdusi. \u2013 T.: Fan \u2013 2009.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    6. \n
      Gulxaniy. Zarbulmasal. \u2013 T., 1972.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    7. \n
      Berdak Yusuf. Mumtoz adabiy asarlar uchun lug\u02bbat. \u2013 T., 2010.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    8. \n
      www.ziyonet.uz. Ilhom Ahror. Sarchashmalar.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Maftuna OCHILOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      Navoiy davlat konchilik instituti akademik litseyi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
      o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      O\u02bbzining bebaho badiiy va ilmiy asarlari bilan Sharq xalqlari taraqqiyotiga kuchli ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan ulug\u02bb mutafakkir Alisher Navoiyning bebaho asarlarida insoniy tuyg\u02bbularning oliy darajadagi talqinini ko\u02bbramiz. Ulug\u02bb Tangri tomonidan insonga berilgan ne\u02bcmatlarning barcha-barchasi Alisher Navoiy qalamidan chetda qolmagan. U o\u02bbz ijodida har bir voqea-hodisa, his-tuyg\u02bbuga alohida e\u02bctibor bilan qaraydi. Uning hayotdagi doimiy hamrohi bo\u02bblgan ilhom, shoirlik …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nALISH\u0415R NAVOIYNING \u201cHAYRATUL ABROR\u201d DOSTONIDA SABR TALQINI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18808&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ALISH\u0415R NAVOIYNING \u201cHAYRATUL ABROR\u201d DOSTONIDA SABR TALQINI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O\u02bbzining bebaho badiiy va ilmiy asarlari bilan Sharq xalqlari taraqqiyotiga kuchli ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan ulug\u02bb mutafakkir Alisher Navoiyning bebaho asarlarida insoniy tuyg\u02bbularning oliy darajadagi talqinini ko\u02bbramiz. Ulug\u02bb Tangri tomonidan insonga berilgan ne\u02bcmatlarning barcha-barchasi Alisher Navoiy qalamidan chetda qolmagan. U o\u02bbz ijodida har bir voqea-hodisa, his-tuyg\u02bbuga alohida e\u02bctibor bilan qaraydi. 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Ulug\u02bb Tangri tomonidan insonga berilgan ne\u02bcmatlarning barcha-barchasi Alisher Navoiy qalamidan chetda qolmagan. U o\u02bbz ijodida har bir voqea-hodisa, his-tuyg\u02bbuga alohida e\u02bctibor bilan qaraydi. 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