{"id":18465,"date":"2021-10-29T10:29:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T05:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18465"},"modified":"2021-10-29T10:29:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T05:29:46","slug":"amir-t%d0%b5mur-va-t%d0%b5muriylar-davrida-buxoro-vohasida-hunarmandlik-taraqqiyoti-xususida2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18465&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"AMIR T\u0415MUR VA T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK TARAQQIYOTI XUSUSIDA(2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(1-qism<\/a><\/span>)Buxoro hunarmandlari to\u02bbqigan matolar ilk o\u02bbrta asrlardayoq mashhur bo\u02bblib, Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida ham bu matoning shuhrati pasaymagan. Zandanicha matosining Yevropa mamlakatlariga tarqalishi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar saqlanib qolgan bo\u02bblib, tarixiy adabiyotlarda bu matoni XIV-XV asrlarda oddiy aholining sotib olishga moliyaviy ahvoli yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymagani bilan bog\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Jumladan, Tevton diniy-ritsarlik ordeni hujjatxonasidagi 1401 yilga oid bir hujjatda orden savdogarlarining zandanicha sotib olish bilan bog\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumotlari mavjudligi yuqorida keltirgan fikr-mulohazalarimizni tasdiqlashga xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari, Rossiyaning Novgorod shahrida arxeologik izlanishlar jarayonida topilgan va qayin po\u02bbstlog\u02bbiga yozilgan XIV-XV asrlarga oid yozuvda bir ayol o\u02bbziga \u201cZenden \u2013 zyadyatsu\u201d matosidan sotib olib berishlarini so\u02bbragani bilan bog\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumotlar topilgan[5: 151]. Amir Temur va temuriylar davriga oid bu ma\u02bclumotlar Buxoro vohasida hunarmandlik taraqqiy etgani va ayniqsa, zandanicha matosining iqlimiy sharoitlari turli-tuman bo\u02bblgan mintaqalarda birdek qadrlanganini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Temuriylar davridan boshlab mashhur bo\u02bblgan matolardan biri bu olacha matosi bo\u02bblib, uni ishlab chiqarishda Buxoro yetakchi o\u02bbrinda turgan. Buxoro yaqinidagi Olachabofon qishlog\u02bbi o\u02bbz zamonasining mashhur olacha matosi to\u02bbqishga ixtisoslashgan, hunarmandlar yashagan mavze sifatida tanilgan[1: 74]. Buxoro Movarounnahrning madaniy markazlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, nafaqat turli-tuman matolar ishlab chiqarishda, balki kiyim-kechaklar tikishda ham asosiy markazlardan biri bo\u02bblgani tarixiy adabiyotlarda qayd etib o\u02bbtilgan[5: 129].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida hunarmandlikning sopolsozlik yo\u02bbnalishida o\u02bbziga xos uslublar shakllangan bo\u02bblib, bu davrda Samarqand kulolchiligi Movarounnahrda yetakchi bo\u02bblgani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar keltirilgan. Buxoro, Shahrisabz shaharlari Samarqand kulolchiligining o\u02bbziga xos xususiyatlarini o\u02bbzlashtirgan edi. Tarixiy adabiyotlarda G\u02bbijduvon usta kulollarining Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida o\u02bbziga xos uslubga ega bo\u02bblgani keltirib o\u02bbtilgan[5: 131]. Temuriylar davri idishlari tayyorlash texnikasiga ko\u02bbra monoxrom va polixrom\u00a0 turlarga bo\u02bblinadi. Monoxrom turdagi idishni asosiy yorqin foni bo\u02bbyicha ko\u02bbk rang (kobalt)da naqshlangan yoki qora rang bilan naqshlangan idish ustidan havorang sir berilgan bo\u02bblib, u ancha kam uchraydi. Polixrom turi esa ko\u02bbk (kobalt) \u2013 to\u02bbq jigarrang va havorang bo\u02bbyoqlar namoyonidir. Ushbu turdagi noyob idishlar arxeologik tadqiqotlarda Amir Temur davlatining barcha yirik markazlari singari Buxorodan ham topib o\u02bbrganilgan[1: 178].<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoro hunarmandchiligida yana bir taraqqiy etgan soha bu metallga va, ayniqsa, qimmatbaho metallarga ishlov berish bo\u02bblib, Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida sopol, chinni buyumlar bilan bir qatorda bronza buyumlar ham keng qo\u02bbllanilgan[1: 75]. Bu esa, Buxoroda metallga ishlov berishning taraqqiy etganini ko\u02bbrsatadi. Buxoro Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida metall, qimmatbaho metallarga ishlov berish markazlaridan biri bo\u02bblgani haqida yevropalik sayyohlar ham yozib qoldirganini ko\u02bbrish mumkin. Sultoniya arxiyepiskopi Ioann \u201cAmir Temur va uning saroyi haqida xotiralar\u201d asarining \u201cTemurbek hukmronlik qilgan viloyatlar va o\u02bblkalar xususida\u201d \u2013 deb nomlangan 9-bo\u02bblimida Buxoroga ta\u02bcrif berib, uning a\u02bclo sifatli oltin ishlab chiqarish bilan ham\u00a0 mashhur ekanini yozib qoldirgan[2: 177].<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoroda qimmatbaho metallarga ishlov berish taraqqiy etishi uning temuriylar davri moliyaviy markaziga aylanishida asosiy omil bo\u02bblgan. Buxoro Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek davrida asosiy tanga zarb qiladigan markazga aylanganini tarixiy adabiyotlar tasdiqlaydi. Tashqi savdo uchun pul islohotlari muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u02bblib, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek buni yaxshi anglardi. 1447 yilgacha otasi Shohruh Mirzo nomidan tanga pul zarb qildirgan bo\u02bblib, u asosan Samarqandda zarb qilinardi. Ulug\u02bbbek hukmronligining so\u02bbnggi yillarida Buxoroning mamlakat moliyaviy markazi sifatidagi roli oshib borgan. Chunki 1428-1429 yillarda Buxoroda Ulug\u02bbbek tomonidan zarb etilgan tangalar mamlakatning asosiy moliyaviy muomala vositasiga aylangan. Arxeologik yodgorliklardan 1428-29 yillarga oid tangalarning shu vaqtgacha bo\u02bblgan tangalar bilan birga topilmagani pul islohoti o\u02bbtkazilib, boshqa tangalar bekor qilinganini anglatadi. Buxoroda 1428-29 yillarda zarb qilingan tangalarning old tomoni o\u02bbrtasida \u201cBuxoro\u201d yoki \u201cZarb Buxoro\u201d deb yozilgan bo\u02bblib, uning atrofi turli gulsimon naqshlar bilan bezatilgan. Orqa tomonida esa, \u201cFi at tarix sanai isna salosina va samia\u201d, ya\u02bcni 832 (1428-29) yil deb yozilgan[6: 65]. Tarixchi olim M. N. Fedorov ma\u02bclumotlarida aytilishicha, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek 1428-29 yillarda pul islohoti o\u02bbtkazib, qator shaharlarda zarbxonalar ochgan va pul to\u02bbliq almashtirilib bo\u02bblgach, Buxorodan boshqa shaharlardagi barcha zarbxonalarni yopgan[7: 98].<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, Buxoro Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida Movarounnahrdagi yirik hunarmandlik, savdo-iqtisodiy, moliyaviy markazlardan biriga aylanib bordi. Amir Temur, keyinchalik temuriyzodalarning Buxoro hunarmandlariga homiyligi, hunarmandlik sohalarining rivoji ushbu shaharni iqtisodiy-ijtimoiy va ishlab chiqarishdagi roli ortib borishi bilan keyinchalik uning siyosiy hayotga ta\u02bcsirining oshishiga xizmat qilgandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Amir Temur jahon tarixida. \u2013T.: Sharq. 1996.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Amir Temur Yevropa elchilari nigohida \/ Rui Gonsales de Klavixo. Buyuk Amir Temur tarixi (1403-1406); Tarj., U.Jo\u02bbrayev. Sultoniya arxiyepiskopi Ioann. Amir Temur va uning saroyi haqida xotiralar. Tarj., B.Ermatov; Mas\u02bcul muharrir A.X. Saidov. \u2013 T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Grekov B., Yakubovskiy A. Zolotaya Orda (Ocherk istorii Djuchi v period slojeniya i rassveta v XIII-XIV vv.)\/Pod redaksiyey V. B\u044bstryanskogo. \u2013 M.: Gospolitizdat, 1941.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Rashidaddin. Sbornik letopisey Tom I. Kniga vtoraya\/perevod s persidskogo O.I. Smirnovoy. Premechaniya B.I. Ponkratova i O.I. Smirnovoy. Redaksiya prof A.A. Semyonova. \u2013 M-L.: Izdatelstvo akademii nauk SSSR, 1952.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Temur va Ulug\u02bbbek davri tarixi. \u2013T.: Qomuslar bosh tahririyati; 1996. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    To\u02bbxtiyev I. Amir Temur va temuriylarning moliya-pul siyosati:\/I.To\u02bbxtiyev; mas\u02bcul muharrirlar: Muhammad Ali, L.Tangriyev. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Fedorov M.N. Klad monet Ulugbeka iz Samarkanda\/\/O\u02bbzbekistonda ijtimoiy fanlar. 8-9-son, 1969.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    Yuldasheva M.Yu. K voprosu o remeslennom proizvodstve v Buxarskom xanstve v XVI-XVII vekax\/\/O\u02bbzbekistonda ijtimoiy fanlar, 4-son, 1961.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Yakubovskiy A.Yu. Samarkand pri Timure i timuridax. \u2013 Leningrad, 1933.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Jamshid KO\u02bbCHAROV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Qarshi davlat universiteti o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    (1-qism)Buxoro hunarmandlari to\u02bbqigan matolar ilk o\u02bbrta asrlardayoq mashhur bo\u02bblib, Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida ham bu matoning shuhrati pasaymagan. Zandanicha matosining Yevropa mamlakatlariga tarqalishi haqida ma\u02bclumotlar saqlanib qolgan bo\u02bblib, tarixiy adabiyotlarda bu matoni XIV-XV asrlarda oddiy aholining sotib olishga moliyaviy ahvoli yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbymagani bilan bog\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Jumladan, Tevton diniy-ritsarlik ordeni hujjatxonasidagi 1401 yilga oid …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK TARAQQIYOTI XUSUSIDA(2-qism)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18465&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK TARAQQIYOTI XUSUSIDA(2-qism)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(1-qism)Buxoro hunarmandlari to\u02bbqigan matolar ilk o\u02bbrta asrlardayoq mashhur bo\u02bblib, Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida ham bu matoning shuhrati pasaymagan. 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