{"id":18425,"date":"2021-10-28T09:41:47","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T04:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18425"},"modified":"2021-10-28T10:21:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T05:21:23","slug":"amir-t%d0%b5mur-va-t%d0%b5muriylar-davrida-buxoro-vohasida-hunarmandlik-taraqqiyoti-xususida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18425&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"AMIR T\u0415MUR VA T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK TARAQQIYOTI XUSUSIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida Movarounnahr siyosiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy jihatdan gullab-yashnadi. Mamlakat rivoji va xalq farovonligi uchun Amir Temur hunarmandlik va savdo-sotiq ishlariga, ayniqsa, katta ahamiyat qaratgandi. Aynan hunarmandlar va savdo ahlining qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashlari Amir Temurning hokimiyat tepasiga kelishida muhim omil bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. Sohibqiron siyosatini uning avlodlari ham davom ettirib, Samarqand, Toshkent, Termiz, Qarshi va Buxoro kabi shaharlarni hunarmandlik ishlab chiqarishi va savdo markazlariga aylantirdi. Ayniqsa, Buxoro XIV asrning ikkinchi yarmi \u2013 XV asrning boshlarida hunarmandlik va savdo taraqqiy etgan shaharlardan biri sifatida namoyon bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxoro hunarmandlarining mahsulotlari Sharq va G\u02bbarbda mashhur bo\u02bblgani tarixiy manbalarda keltirib o\u02bbtilgan. Ayniqsa, buxorolik hunarmandlar tayyorlagan matolar mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar davridayoq mashhur bo\u02bblib, Rashididdin yozib qoldirgan ma\u02bclumotlarning birida Buxorodan uch savdogarning Xitoy tomon yo\u02bblga chiqishi, bu vaqtda Chingizxon Shimoliy Xitoyni istilo qilish bilan band bo\u02bblgani va savdogarlarning Chingizxon bilan uchrashgani, savdogarlarning Xitoyga olib borayotgan mahsulotlari orasida zarboft (zar-oltin iplar qo\u02bbshib to\u02bbqilgan qimmatbaho mato), zandanicha (paxtadan sifatli qilib tayyorlangan va gul bosilgan mato turi), karpas (paxta tolasidan to\u02bbqilgan oq rangli baxmalmato) kabi matolar ham bo\u02bblgani aytib o\u02bbtiladi. Chingizxon buxorolik savdogarlar mahsulotini ko\u02bbrib, garchi ularning qiymati 10-20 dinor atrofida bo\u02bblsa-da, zarboftning bir bo\u02bblagiga bir bolish (mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar davlatidagi pul birligi) oltin, zandanicha, karpas matosining bir bo\u02bblagiga bir bolish kumush to\u02bblashni buyurgani aytib o\u02bbtilgan[4: 187-188]. Ammo mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar istilosi va undan keyingi o\u02bbzaro kurashlar jarayonida Buxoroda hunarmandlikning ko\u02bbp turlari yo\u02bbqolib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

XIV asrning birinchi yarmida Chig\u02bbatoy ulusida kechgan voqeliklar shaharlarning va savdo iqtisodiy munosabatlarning vayron bo\u02bblishiga olib kelayotgan edi. Ana shunday jarayonlarda hunarmandlar o\u02bbzlarini himoya qilish uchun ittifoqlar, birodarlik tashkilotlariga birlasha boshladilar. Bu hol Movarounnahrda ham sodir bo\u02bblib, tarixchi olimlar B.Grekov va A.Yakubovskiylarning ta\u02bckidlashicha, XIV asrda Eron, Kichik Osiyo va O\u02bbrta Osiyo shaharlarida hunarmandlarning o\u02bbzaro birodarlashgan ittifoqlari shakllangan edi. Ushbu ittifoqlar nafaqat mehnat taqsimotida, balki, siyosiy masalalarda ham faol bo\u02bblib, feodal jamiyatda shaharliklarning omma oldidagi chiqishlari aynan ular orqali sodir bo\u02bblgan. Bunday tashkilotlar manbalarda Axiy deb atalgan. Ularning o\u02bbz yig\u02bbinlari, o\u02bbz shayxlari bo\u02bblib, boshqa Axiy (birodar)lar bilan yaqin aloqada tez-tez chiqishlar qilib, siyosiy hayotga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan[3: 105].\u00a0 Aynan mana shunday tashkilotlar keyinchalik Amir Temurning iqtisodiy qudratiga aylanib borgan. Buning ustiga XIV asr davomida savdo iqtisodiy munosabatlar asta-sekinlik bilan rivojlanib, turk-mo\u02bbg\u02bbul feodallarining ayrimlari ham savdo, hunarmandlik ishlab chiqarishiga e\u02bctibor qarata boshlagandi. Feodallar shaharlarda ko\u02bbchmas mulk, savdo do\u02bbkonlari, hunarmandlik rastalari sotib ola boshladilar. Bu holat ularning o\u02bbtroqlikka o\u02bbtish va islomni qabul qilish jarayonini tezlashtirdi. Savdo va hunarmandlik birinchi navbatda Samarqand va Buxoroda rivojlanib bordi[9: 9-10]. Bu esa o\u02bbzaro urushlarga chek qo\u02bbyib, mamlakatni birlashtirish tarafdorlarining ko\u02bbpayib borishini ta\u02bcminlagan omillardan biri bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

1365 yil sarbadorlar qo\u02bbzg\u02bboloni davrida hunarmand va savdo iqtisodiy-munosabatlar vakillarining yetakchilarini qatl etishga qarshi chiqib, Amir Temur savdo-iqtisodiy manfaatlarni himoya qildi. Buning natijasida Samarqand, Buxoro, Termiz, Shahrisabz shaharlarining qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashiga erishdi[9: 14].<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur hokimiyat tepasiga kelgach, u yuritgan savdo-iqtisodiy siyosat natijasida buyuk ipak yo\u02bbli bo\u02bbylab savdo aloqalari qayta tiklanibgina qolmay, xalqaro savdoda Samarqand, Buxoro, Urganch, Toshkent kabi yirik savdo-hunarmandlik markazlari emas, balki kichik shaharlar va qishloqlarning ham faol ishtiroki ta\u02bcminlandi[1: 79]. Bu esa hunarmandlikning yo\u02bbqolib ketgan tarmoqlari tiklanishiga va yangi sohalarning vujudga kelishiga asosiy turtki bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqini arafasida Buxoroda qator hunarmandlik sohalari taraqqiy etgan bo\u02bblib, ayniqsa, ipak matolarni tayyorlash keng taraqqiy etgani yuqorida aytib o\u02bbtilgandi. O\u02bbzaro urushlar natijasida ipakchilik Buxoroda butunlay inqirozga uchragan bo\u02bblib, Amir Temurning ipakchilik sohasini Buxoroda yana qayta tiklashga va rivojlantirishga harakat qilgani tarixiy adabiyotlarda keltirib o\u02bbtilganining guvohi bo\u02bblish mumkin[8: 33].\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Davomi bor…<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR:<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Amir Temur jahon tarixida. \u2013T.: Sharq. 1996.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Amir Temur Yevropa elchilari nigohida \/ Rui Gonsales de Klavixo. Buyuk Amir Temur tarixi (1403-1406); Tarj., U.Jo\u02bbrayev. Sultoniya arxiyepiskopi Ioann. Amir Temur va uning saroyi haqida xotiralar. Tarj., B.Ermatov; Mas\u02bcul muharrir A.X. Saidov. \u2013 T.: G\u02bbafur G\u02bbulom nomidagi matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2007.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Grekov B., Yakubovskiy A. Zolotaya Orda (Ocherk istorii Djuchi v period slojeniya i rassveta v XIII-XIV vv.)\/Pod redaksiyey V. B\u044bstryanskogo. \u2013 M.: Gospolitizdat, 1941.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Rashidaddin. Sbornik letopisey Tom I. Kniga vtoraya\/perevod s persidskogo O.I. Smirnovoy. Premechaniya B.I. Ponkratova i O.I. Smirnovoy. Redaksiya prof A.A. Semyonova. \u2013 M-L.: Izdatelstvo akademii nauk SSSR, 1952.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Temur va Ulug\u02bbbek davri tarixi. \u2013T.: Qomuslar bosh tahririyati; 1996. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    To\u02bbxtiyev I. Amir Temur va temuriylarning moliya-pul siyosati:\/I.To\u02bbxtiyev; mas\u02bcul muharrirlar: Muhammad Ali, L.Tangriyev. \u2013 T.: O\u02bbzbekiston, 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    Fedorov M.N. Klad monet Ulugbeka iz Samarkanda\/\/O\u02bbzbekistonda ijtimoiy fanlar. 8-9-son, 1969.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    Yuldasheva M.Yu. K voprosu o remeslennom proizvodstve v Buxarskom xanstve v XVI-XVII vekax\/\/O\u02bbzbekistonda ijtimoiy fanlar, 4-son, 1961.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    Yakubovskiy A.Yu. Samarkand pri Timure i timuridax. \u2013 Leningrad, 1933.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Jamshid KO\u02bbCHAROV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Qarshi davlat universiteti o\u02bbqituvchisi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida Movarounnahr siyosiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy jihatdan gullab-yashnadi. Mamlakat rivoji va xalq farovonligi uchun Amir Temur hunarmandlik va savdo-sotiq ishlariga, ayniqsa, katta ahamiyat qaratgandi. Aynan hunarmandlar va savdo ahlining qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashlari Amir Temurning hokimiyat tepasiga kelishida muhim omil bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. Sohibqiron siyosatini uning avlodlari ham davom ettirib, Samarqand, Toshkent, Termiz, Qarshi va Buxoro …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18425&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u0415MURIYLAR DAVRIDA BUXORO VOHASIDA HUNARMANDLIK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amir Temur va temuriylar davrida Movarounnahr siyosiy-iqtisodiy, madaniy jihatdan gullab-yashnadi. Mamlakat rivoji va xalq farovonligi uchun Amir Temur hunarmandlik va savdo-sotiq ishlariga, ayniqsa, katta ahamiyat qaratgandi. Aynan hunarmandlar va savdo ahlining qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlashlari Amir Temurning hokimiyat tepasiga kelishida muhim omil bo\u02bblib xizmat qilgan. 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