{"id":18262,"date":"2021-10-22T09:13:33","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T04:13:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18262"},"modified":"2021-10-22T12:23:48","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T07:23:48","slug":"fan-taraqqiyotida-movarounnahrlik-ulamolarning-o%ca%bbrni-6-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18262&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (6-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy (vafoti \u2013 1429 yil). Jamshid ibn Mas\u02bcud ibn Mahmud G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy \u2013 XIV-XV asrda riyoziyotchilar, tabiblar va hunarmandlari bilan shuhrat qozongan Koshonda tug\u02bbilgan. U yoshlik yillarini Koshonda o\u02bbtkazib, riyoziyot va falakiyot ilmi bilan shug\u02bbullangan, qadimgi grek va eron olimlarning asarlarini tarjima qilib, ularga sharhlar yozgan. Al-Koshiy tabobat, mantiq, huquqshunoslik, adabiyot fanlarini yaxshi bilgan. Hirotga kelib, Shohruh saroyida xizmat qilgan va unga atab \u201cElxon zij\u201dini takomillashtirish uchun \u201cHoqon ziji\u201d\u00a0 (\u201cZiji Hoqoniy dar takmili \u201cZiji Elxoniy\u201d) nomli astronomik asar bitgan. Bu kitob o\u02bbz davrida astronomiya sohasidagi eng yetuk asarlardan hisoblangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek Qozizoda Rumiyning maslahati bilan 1416 yili al-Koshiyni Samarqandga taklif etgan va u umrining oxirigacha shu yerda yashagan. XIV-XV asrlar riyoziyot va falakiyot ilmining buyuk allomalaridan biri sifatida ajoyib qomus \u2013 \u201cMiftoh al-hisob\u201d (\u201cHisob kaliti\u201d) asari bilan Yaqin va O\u02bbrta Sharq mamlakatlarida mashhur edi. Ushbu asarda sistemali ravishda bayon etilgan o\u02bbnli kasrlar ta\u02bclimoti al-Koshiyning yuqori ilmiy yutuqlaridan biri sanaladi. Riyoziyot fanida taqribiy hisob usulini rivojlantirish borasida ham al-Koshiyning xizmati katta. Bu masalaga u \u201cRisola al-muhitiya\u201d (\u201cDoira haqida risol\u201d\u00bb) asarini bag\u02bbishlagan va o\u02bbrta asr matematikasi rivojiga muhim hissa qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ali Qushchi (Vafoti \u2013 1474 yil). \u201cO\u02bbz davrining Batlimusi\u201d deb tanilgan Ali Qushchining to\u02bbliq komi Alouddin Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qushchi bo\u02bblib, u Samarqandda tug\u02bbilib o\u02bbsgan. Ulug\u02bbbek siroyidagi Muhammad ismli ovchi qushlarga qarovchi bir kishining o\u02bbg\u02bbli bo\u02bblgani uchun unga Qushchi laqabi berilgan. Otasidan yetim qolganidan so\u02bbng Ulug\u02bbbekning tarbiyasida bo\u02bblgani bois \u201cZij\u201dning so\u02bbzboshisida \u201cfarzandi arjumand\u201d deb tilga olingan. Boshlang\u02bbich va shar\u02bciy bilimlarni Samarqand olimlaridan, matematik va astronomik bilimlarni esa Qozizoda Rumiy bilan Ulug\u02bbbekdan olgan. Rasadxona qurilishi bilan bog\u02bbliq ishlar avjiga chiqqanda avval Jamshid al-Koshiy, keyin Qozizoda Rumiy vafot etadi va shu bois Ulug\u02bbbek qurilish ishlari va astronomik kuzatishlarga Ali Qushchini mutasaddiy qilib qo\u02bbygan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ali Qushchining ilmiy asarlari Ulug\u02bbbekning \u201cZiji\u201ddek shuhrat qozonmagan bo\u02bblsa ham, fan tarixida nihoyatda muhim o\u02bbrin tutadi. U o\u02bbrta asrlar Movarounnahr buyuk olimlarining eng so\u02bbnggi namoyandasi va ayni paytda Usmoniy turklarning birinchi eng yirik va ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan olimi bo\u02bblgan. Turk tarixchilarining e\u02bctirof etishicha, Istanbulga Ali Qushchi kelguniga qadar \u201cilmi hay\u02bcatda u daraja bir sohib vuqufi mavjud bo\u02bblmagan edi\u201d. Ali Qushchi, jumladan, quyidagi asarlar muallifidir: \u201cRisola fil-hisob\u201d (\u201cHisob haqida risola\u201d), \u201cRisolai kusur\u201d (\u201cKasrlar risolasi\u201d), \u201cRisola at-fathiya\u201d (\u201cG\u02bbalaba risolasi\u201d), \u201cRisola al-Muhammadiyyaa fil-hisob\u201d (\u201cHisob haqida\u201d \u2013 bu kitobda birinchi marta \u201cmusbat\u201d va \u201cmanfiy\u201d so\u02bbzlari hozirgi biz qo\u02bbllayotgan ma\u02bcnoda ishlatiladi), \u201cSharhi \u201cZiji Ulug\u02bbbek\u201d, \u201cXitoynoma\u201d, \u201cRisolai mantiq\u201d, \u201cRisola fi halla ash-shakl al-hilol\u201d (\u201cHilolsimon shakllarni o\u02bblchash haqida risola\u201d), \u201cSharhi Miftohal-ulumi Taftazoniy\u201d (\u201cTaftazoniy \u201cMiftoh al-ulum\u201dining sharhi\u201d), \u201cRisola dar ilmi hay\u02bcat\u201d (\u201cAstronomiya ilmi haqida risola\u201d). Ali Qushchining shogirdi Abulqodir ibn Hasan Ro\u02bbyoniy so\u02bbnggi risola haqida bunday deydi: \u201cMen astronomiyaga doir ko\u02bbp asarlarni o\u02bbrgandim, lekin Ali Qushchining risolasini o\u02bbqiganimdan so\u02bbng astronomiya sohasidagi barcha anglamagan narsalarim menga ayon bo\u02bbldi\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lutfiy (1366-1465). Mavlono Lutfiy \u2013 shoir va mutafakkir, o\u02bbz zamonining \u201cMalik ul-kalomi\u201d. Shayx Ahmad Taroziyning Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbekka bag\u02bbishlab yozilgan \u201cFunun al-balog\u02bba\u201d asaridagi \u201cMa\u02bcdan ul-latoyif Lutfiyi Shoshiy\u201d so\u02bbzlariga asoslanib, Lutfiyning ona yurti Toshkent bo\u02bblgan, degan fikr ilgari suriladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lutfiy ham zohiriy-dunyoviy, ham diniy-tasavvufiy ilmlarni chuqur egallagan, davr va zamoniga ochiq nazar bilan qarashga qodir, haqiqat va ma\u02bcrifatga sodiq ijodkor bo\u02bblgan. Navoiy so\u02bbzi bilan aytganda, u \u2013 \u201cforsiy va turkiyda naziri yo\u02bbq\u201d shoir. Lutfiy turkiyda yaratilgan she\u02bcrlari bilan mashhurlikka yetishgan bo\u02bblsa-da, forsiyda ham o\u02bbzining shoirlik iqtidori va mahoratiga ko\u02bbpchilikni iqror eta olgan. Ayni paytda Lutfiy she\u02bcriyat bilan tariqatni, majoz bilan haqiqatni uyg\u02bbunlashtirgan. Ammo so\u02bbnggi nafasigacha shoirlik burchi va ilhomiga sodiq qolib, o\u02bbzbek she\u02bcriyati xazinasini biri biridan qimmat nazm durdonalari bilan boyitdi. Shu bilan bir qatorda, shoirlik nechog\u02bblik \u201cma\u02bcruf va mashhur\u201d bo\u02bblmasin, \u201cdarveshlik tariqini\u00a0dag\u02bbi<\/strong>\u00a0ilikdan\u201d (Navoiy) chiqarmagan. Xuddi shu narsa uning nafaqat o\u02bbz zamondoshlari va ijod ahli orasida, balki davr hukmdorlari oldida ham yuqori mavqega ko\u02bbtarilishiga bir asos bo\u02bblgan. Olim E.Ahmadxo\u02bbjayevning<\/strong>\u00a0aniqlashi bo\u02bbyicha, Lutfiy qalamiga mansub mavjud she\u02bcrlarning umumiy miqdori 2774 bayt yoki 5548 misradan ortiq.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
Professor Baxtiyor TO\u02bbRAYEV \u2013 falsafa fanlari doktori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Anvar BOBOYEV<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy (vafoti \u2013 1429 yil). Jamshid ibn Mas\u02bcud ibn Mahmud G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy \u2013 XIV-XV asrda riyoziyotchilar, tabiblar va hunarmandlari bilan shuhrat qozongan Koshonda tug\u02bbilgan. U yoshlik yillarini Koshonda o\u02bbtkazib, riyoziyot va falakiyot ilmi bilan shug\u02bbullangan, qadimgi grek va eron olimlarning asarlarini tarjima qilib, ularga sharhlar yozgan. Al-Koshiy tabobat, mantiq, huquqshunoslik, adabiyot fanlarini yaxshi bilgan. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nG\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy, Ali Qushchi, Lutfiy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18262&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy, Ali Qushchi, Lutfiy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u02bbiyosuddin al-Koshiy (vafoti \u2013 1429 yil). 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