{"id":18225,"date":"2021-10-20T11:06:45","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T06:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18225"},"modified":"2021-10-20T11:06:45","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T06:06:45","slug":"doniyolbiy-otaliq-va-amir-shohmurod-davrida-buxoroda-ta%ca%bclim-va-ilmiy-muhit2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18225&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"DONIYOLBIY OTALIQ VA AMIR SHOHMUROD DAVRIDA  BUXORODA TA\u02bcLIM  VA ILMIY MUHIT(2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amir Shohmurod davrida maktab va madrasalardagi ta\u02bclim jarayoni tartibga solingan va ular ustidan nazorat kuchaytirilgan. Maktablarda barcha bolalarni savodini chiqarish uchun qamrab olishga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Madrasalarda hisob, o\u02bbqish, yozish, fors va arab tillari grammatikasi hamda diniy bilimlarni chuqur o\u02bbrgatish yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilgan. Talabalarga madrasa vaqflari hisobidan stipendiyalar joriy qilinishi va yashashi uchun hujralar taqdim qilinishi ilm olishni istaganlar sonini oshirdi. Amir Shohmurodning ta\u02bclim tizimidagi islohotlari haqidagi Sadriddin Ayniy (1878-1954)ning asarida ma\u02bclumotlar uchraydi. U o\u02bbz \u201cEsdaliklari\u201dda quyidagilarni qayd etib o\u02bbtgan: \u201cAmir Shohmurod madrasa hujralarini turar-joyga yaroqli qilish maqsadida quyidagi mazmunda farmon chiqargan. Har bir talaba madrasa hujralarining birini o\u02bbz harji va mehnati bilan obod qilib, unga kirib o\u02bbtirsa, hujra u talabaniki bo\u02bbladi va qachonki talaba hujrani tark etmoqchi bo\u02bblsa, hujrani tuzatishga sarf qilgan mablag\u02bbini boshqa bir talabadan olib, hujrani uning nomiga o\u02bbtkazishi mumkin\u201d. Bu tadbir yaxshi natija berib, Buxoro va Samarqand madrasalarining hujralari obod bo\u02bbldi va bir qancha yillar madrasa hujralarining talabadan-talabaga o\u02bbtishi-tuzatishga sarf bo\u02bblgan haqiqiy mablag\u02bbning \u201coldi-sotdi\u201dsi bo\u02bblar va talaba bo\u02bblmagan kishi, bunday turar joyga yaqinlashmas edi\u201d [7: 167]. Yana bir mahalliy tarixchi olim Ahmad Donish o\u02bbzining \u201cRisola yoxud mang\u02bbitlar xonadoni saltanatining qisqacha tarixi\u201d nomli asarida yozishicha, Amir Shohmurod masjidlarga imom va muazzin (azon aytuvchi)larni, xonaqohlarga shayx, madrasalarga mudarrislarni ham tayinlaydi [8: 25]. Xorij tadqiqotchisi Anke fon Kyugelgen tarixiy manbalarga tayanib, Amir Shohmurod madrasada tahsil oluvchi talabalarga soliqlardan tushgan daromad hisobidan nafaqa (stipendiya) to\u02bblashni joriy etgani xususida ma\u02bclumot beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amir Shohmurod saroyida madaniy muhit yaxshi shakllangan bo\u02bblib, diniy fanlar va tarixnavislik rivojlangan. Amir Shohmurod Mir Arab madrasasida chuqur diniy ta\u02bclim olgan bo\u02bblib, shariat va islom dini arkonlariga oid bilimlarni yaxshi o\u02bbzlashtirgan. U xanafiy mazhabiga doir fatvolarni jamlab, asosan Buxoro ulamolarining fatvosi asosida, \u201cFatovoyi ahli Buxoro\u201d nomli asar yozgan. Afsuski, bu asar tugallanmay qolgan [9: 331-333]. Amir Shohmurod saroyida tarixchi Muhammad Ya\u02bcqub Buxoriy ibn Amir Doniyolbiy (Shohmurodning ukasi), tarixchi va shoir Mirzo Sodiq Jondoriy faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan. Mirzo Sodiq Jondoriy \u201cFutuhoti Amiri mas\u02bcum (Shohmurod) va Amir Haydar\u201d hamda \u201cTarixi Manzum\u201d asarlarini yozgan. Amir Shohmurodning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Mir Husayn (u Miriy nomi bilan mashhur bo\u02bblgan) \u201cMahazanut taqvo\u201d asarini yozib, unda mang\u02bbitlar sulolasi (Muhammad Rahimxon davridan Amir Haydargacha) va naqshbandiylik tariqati to\u02bbg\u02bbrisida muhim ma\u02bclumotlar bergan. Qozi va so\u02bbfiy Humuliy o\u02bbzining mashhur \u201cTarixi Humuliy\u201d asarini shu davrda yaratgan [10: 38]. Bu asarlar orqali mang\u02bbitlar davrida Buxoro amirligining ijtimoiy-siyosiy va madaniy hayoti haqida tarixiy ma\u02bclumotlarga ega bo\u02bblish mumkin. Buxoro amirlari Doniyolbiy va Amir Shohmurodlar davrida Buxoroda tabobat ilmini rivojlantirishga ham e\u02bctibor qaratilgan bo\u02bblib, Subhonquli Ashtarxoniy bunyod ettirgan Dorul shifo madrasasi tolibi ilmlar bilan gavjum bo\u02bblgan. Hunarmandlik ustaxonalaridagi bosh ustalarga yo\u02bbnalishlar bo\u02bbyicha shogirdlar tayyorlash bo\u02bbyicha topshiriqlar berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Xulosa qilib aytganda, Buxoro amirlari Doniyolbiy va Shohmurodlar davrida ta\u02bclim tizimi alohida e\u02bctiborli soha bo\u02bblgan. Hukmdorlar yoshlarning bilim olishga ishtiyoqini oshirish, turli sohalarda xizmat qiladigan malakali xodimlar tayyorlash uchun maktab va madrasalardagi ta\u02bclim jarayonlarini nazoratga oldi. Ilm-fan sohasida diniy fanlar, falsafa va tarix sohasida faoliyat yurituvchi ulamolar yetakchilik qildi. Tabiiy va aniq fanlar sohasida esa, o\u02bbrta mutafakkirlari Ibn Sino, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Xorazmiy, Abu Nasr Forobiylarning ilmiy tadqiqotlariga tayanildi.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Vazira SADULLAYEVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Buxoro davlat universiteti tayanch doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amir Shohmurod davrida maktab va madrasalardagi ta\u02bclim jarayoni tartibga solingan va ular ustidan nazorat kuchaytirilgan. Maktablarda barcha bolalarni savodini chiqarish uchun qamrab olishga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Madrasalarda hisob, o\u02bbqish, yozish, fors va arab tillari grammatikasi hamda diniy bilimlarni chuqur o\u02bbrgatish yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilgan. Talabalarga madrasa vaqflari hisobidan stipendiyalar joriy qilinishi va yashashi uchun hujralar taqdim qilinishi &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>BUXORO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18225&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BUXORO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amir Shohmurod davrida maktab va madrasalardagi ta\u02bclim jarayoni tartibga solingan va ular ustidan nazorat kuchaytirilgan. Maktablarda barcha bolalarni savodini chiqarish uchun qamrab olishga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratilgan. Madrasalarda hisob, o\u02bbqish, yozish, fors va arab tillari grammatikasi hamda diniy bilimlarni chuqur o\u02bbrgatish yo\u02bblga qo\u02bbyilgan. 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