{"id":18194,"date":"2021-10-19T16:01:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T11:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18194"},"modified":"2021-10-19T16:01:53","modified_gmt":"2021-10-19T11:01:53","slug":"doniyolbiy-otaliq-va-amir-shohmurod-davrida-buxoroda-ta%ca%bclim-va-ilmiy-muhit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18194&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"DONIYOLBIY OTALIQ VA AMIR SHOHMUROD DAVRIDA  BUXORODA TA\u02bcLIM  VA ILMIY MUHIT"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Dunyo davlatlari iqtisodiy taraqqiyot, siyosiy barqarorlik va madaniy yetuklikka erishishning asosiy tamoyili ilm-fanni rivojlantirish ekanini anglagan holda shu sohaga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratadi va homiylik qiladi. 1756-1920 yillarda Buxoro amirligini boshqargan mang\u02bbitlar saltanatida ham ilm-fan va madaniyat davlat siyosati darajasida qaraladigan sohalardan biri edi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Buxoro amirligida fan va maorif hamda madaniy hayotdagi o\u02bbzgarishlarni Amir Doniyolbiy (1758-1785) davridan boshlab o\u02bbrganish maqsadga muvofiqdir. Chunki, ashtarxoniylar xonadonida yuqori lavozimlarda faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatib, qulay vaziyat tug\u02bbilishi bilan hokimiyatni egallagan Muhammad Rahimbiy davrida hokimiyatni markazlashtirish ishlari olib borilgan. Ta\u02bclim tizimi, maorif va madaniy jarayonlar ashtarxoniylar davridagi kabi davom etgan.\u00a0 Amir Doniyolbiy hokimiyatni egallagach, jamiyatning barcha sohalari kabi maorif tizimini ham qat\u02bciy nazoratga olgan. Oliy ta\u02bclim beruvchi madrasalarning faoliyatni muntazam tekshirib borish tartibini joriy qilgan. Turkiston jadidlarining otasi Mahmudxo\u02bbja Behbudiy o\u02bbzining \u201cAmir Doniyolning qabrdan yozmish maktubi\u201d maqolasida amirning ta\u02bclim tizimi sohasidagi islohotlarini tilga oladi. Jumladan, mamlakatning taraqqiy etishi ilm-fan bilan bog\u02bbliq ekanini inobatga olib, madrasalar vaqflar ajratilgani, ulardan tushadigan daromad asosida mudarrislarga maosh hamda talabalarga stipendiyalar joriy qilingani haqida ma\u02bclumot beradi [1]. Ammo Amir Doniyolbiyning siyosiy faoliyatini keskin tanqid ostiga olgan Ahmad Donish ma\u02bclumotlarida uning davrida ilm-fan tanazzul sari yuzlangani qayd qilingan.\u00a0 Uning yozishicha, \u201cAmir Doniyol boshqaruvi davrida amirlik poytaxti Buxoroda millat hayotida qabih o\u02bbzgarishlar yuz berdi: aksariyat madrasalarda dars, masjidlarda namoz taqiqlanib, madrasalarning hujralari goho meshkobchining eshagi uchun og\u02bbilxona, ba\u02bczan esa baqqolning g\u02bballa omboriga aylandi\u201d [2: 18]. Ahmad Donishning bu ma\u02bclumotlarini o\u02bbsha davrning boshqa manbalari inkor etadi. Jumladan, O\u02bbzbekiston Milliy arxivi Qo\u02bbshbegi fondida saqlanayotgan hujjatlarda Amir Doniyolbiyning madrasalar qurdirgani va madrasa mudarrislariga xazinadan maosh tayinlagani xususida ma\u02bclumotlar mavjud. Amir Doniyolbiy Bahouddin Naqshband ziyoratgohida shu hudud aholisi oliy diniy ta\u02bclim olishi uchun Doniyolbiy otaliq nomli madrasa qurdiradi. Madrasa talabalari uchun maxsus nizomnoma ishlab chiqilgan bo\u02bblib, unga ko\u02bbra, vaqflar hisobidan talabaga hujra va stipendiya belgilab qo\u02bbyilgan. Talaba qirq kun sababsiz darsga kelmasa, hujrada yashash va boshqa huquqlardan mahrum qilingan. Madrasaning umumiy boshqaruvi tuman qozisi nazoratida bo\u02bblib, nizomda belgilangan tartiblarni buzgan mudarris va talabalarni jazolash vakolatiga ega bo\u02bblgan. Madrasaning ichki boshqaruvi bosh mudarrisga tegishli bo\u02bblgan. Buxoro shahri madrasalarida mudarrislik qilgan Tojiddin Abdulloh Bahouddindagi ushbu madrasaga tolibi ilmlarga tahsil berish uchun yuborilgan. Unga 35 tilla tanga maosh belgilangan va yashashi uchun madrasa hujralaridan biri taqdim qilingan [3: 40]. Mudarris madrasa talabalariga hisob, o\u02bbqish, yozish, arab tili grammatikasi va diniy fanlarni o\u02bbrgatgan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amir Doniyolbiyning taxt vorisi Shohmurod (1785-1800) hukmronligi davrida jamiyatning barcha sohalari kabi maorif va ilm-fan ham rivojlanib bordi. Shohmurod amirlik taxtini egallagunga qadar Samarqandda hokimlik qilgan bo\u02bblib, shaharning iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy qiyofasini tubdan o\u02bbzgartirdi. Ilm-fanga jiddiy e\u02bctibor qaratib, xaroba holiga tushib qolgan Shayboniyxon va Xoja Ahror Valiy madrasalarini qayta tiklaydi. Ularga tegishli vaqf mulklarini qaytarib, hujjatlarini yangidan rasmiylashtiradi. Otasi vafotidan so\u02bbng amirlik taxtiga o\u02bbtirgach,\u00a0 Buxoro shahridagi madrasalarni qayta ta\u02bcmirlaydi, ularga vaqflar tayinlaydi [4: 31]. Madrasalarda ilm berish ishlari rivojlanadi. Ernazar elchi, Xalifa Xudoydod, Muhammadamin to\u02bbpchiboshi, Nazarak va Rahmonquli kabi yangi madrasalar bunyod etiladi. Buxoroning Gulobod mavzesida o\u02bbzining nomi bilan ataluvchi madrasa qurdiradi [5: 173].\u00a0 Amir Shohmurod davrida xotini \u2013 malika Bibi Otun ham madrasa qurdirgan bo\u02bblib, unga \u201cJannatmakon\u201d deb nom beradi. Tarixiy manbalardan zamondoshlari tomonidan Amir Shohmurod \u201cjannatmakon\u201d, deb e\u02bczozlangani ma\u02bclum. Bundan ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, malika madrasani amir sharafiga qurdirgan. Uning hukmronligi davrida 75 ta masjiddan 50 tasi ta\u02bcmirlangan, 3 ta madrasa qayta tiklangan [6: 6].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Amir Shohmurod davrida Xalifa Xudoydod majmuasi qurilishi boshlangan bo\u02bblib, 1796-1797 yillarda qurilishi tugallangan. Xalifa Xudoydod o\u02bbz davrining buyuk mutafakkiri, shoiri va xattoti bo\u02bblgan. tarixchi Nosiriddin Hanafiyning ma\u02bclumot berishicha, Xorazm viloyati shayxzodalaridan bo\u02bblgan hazrat xalifa Xudoydod Mir Arab madrasasida 40 yil ilm o\u02bbrganish bilan mashg\u02bbul bo\u02bblgan. O\u02bbqishni tamomlagach, o\u02bbz yurtiga qaytmasdan, Pirmast (hozirgi Vobkent tumani) tumanidagi Ko\u02bbli Odina qishlog\u02bbida yashay boshlaydi. Xoja Mahmud Anjir Fag\u02bbnaviy mozori yonida xonaqoh qurdirib, unga 200 tanob yerni vaqf qilgan. Amir Doniyolbiy davrida Buxoro shahriga kelib, 12 tanob yer sotib olgan va shu joyda toshdan xonaqoh, 38 hujrali madrasa, sardoba, tahoratxona va maqbara qurdirgan.\u00a0 \u00a0Davomi bor\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Vazira SADULLAYEVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Buxoro davlat universiteti tayanch doktoranti<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dunyo davlatlari iqtisodiy taraqqiyot, siyosiy barqarorlik va madaniy yetuklikka erishishning asosiy tamoyili ilm-fanni rivojlantirish ekanini anglagan holda shu sohaga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratadi va homiylik qiladi. 1756-1920 yillarda Buxoro amirligini boshqargan mang\u02bbitlar saltanatida ham ilm-fan va madaniyat davlat siyosati darajasida qaraladigan sohalardan biri edi. Buxoro amirligida fan va maorif hamda madaniy hayotdagi o\u02bbzgarishlarni Amir Doniyolbiy (1758-1785) &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>doniyolbey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18194&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"doniyolbey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dunyo davlatlari iqtisodiy taraqqiyot, siyosiy barqarorlik va madaniy yetuklikka erishishning asosiy tamoyili ilm-fanni rivojlantirish ekanini anglagan holda shu sohaga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratadi va homiylik qiladi. 1756-1920 yillarda Buxoro amirligini boshqargan mang\u02bbitlar saltanatida ham ilm-fan va madaniyat davlat siyosati darajasida qaraladigan sohalardan biri edi. 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