{"id":18154,"date":"2021-10-15T08:53:49","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T03:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18154"},"modified":"2021-10-15T08:54:07","modified_gmt":"2021-10-15T03:54:07","slug":"fan-taraqqiyotida-movarounnahrlik-ulamolarning-o%ca%bbrni-4-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(3-qism<\/a><\/span>)\u00a0Nishopurdan Samarqandga kelib ta\u02bclim olgan mutafakkir G\u02bbiyosiddin Abulfath Umar ibn Ibrohim Xayyom Nishopuriy (1048-1131) qoraxoniylar qurdirgan oliy madrasada ilm olib, matematik, astronom, faylasuf, shoir va tabib bo\u02bblib yetishgan. U matematika ilmida ko\u02bbplab kashfiyotlar qilgan, hozir Nyuton binomi deb atalgan matematik hisob usulini aynan u kashf qilgan, astronom sifatida 1074 yildan Nishopurdagi observatoriyaga rahbarlik qilgan, insoniyat tarixidagi eng mukammal yil kalendari loyihasini Umar Xayyom ishlab chiqqan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariy (1075\u20131144). Uning to\u02bbliq ismi Abul Qosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy bo\u02bblib, 1075 yil 19 martda Xorazmning katta qishloqlaridan biri Zamaxsharda tavallud topdi. Zamaxshariy haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar, asosan, o\u02bbrta asr arab manbalarida keltiriladi. Otasi unchalik badavlat bo\u02bblmasa-da, savodli, taqvodor, diyonatli kishi bo\u02bblgan va aksar vaqtini Qur\u02bcon tilovati-yu namoz o\u02bbqish bilan o\u02bbtkazib, Zamaxshardagi bir masjidda imomlik ham qilgan. Zamaxshariyning onasi ham taqvodor, dindor ayollardan hisoblangan. Buyuk mutafakkir Zamaxshariy arab grammatikasi, lug\u02bbatshunoslik, adabiyot, aruz ilmi, geografiya, tafsir, hadis va fiqhga oid ellikdan ortiq asar yaratgan, ularning aksariyati bizgacha yetib kelgan. Uning arab tilshunosligi va grammatikasining turli jihatlariga oid asarlari Zamaxshariy ijodida salmoqli o\u02bbrin egallaydi. Jumladan, arab tili grammatikasiga oid \u201cAl-Mufassal\u201d (1121 yil) nomli asarini u Makkada yashagan paytida, bir yarim yil davomida yozgan. Alouddin Abulmuzaffar Otsizga bag\u02bbishlab yozilgan \u201cMuqaddamat ul-adab\u201d asari alohida ahamiyatga ega. Bu asar besh katta qismga bo\u02bblingan bo\u02bblib, unda otlar, fe\u02bcllar, bog\u02bblovchilar, ot o\u02bbzgarishlari va fe\u02bcl o\u02bbzgarishlari haqida bahs yuritilgan. Asar 1137 yillari yozib tugallangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqini davrida Markaziy Osiyo madaniy taraqqiyoti inqirozga yuz tutdi. Madaniyat taraqqiyoti yuksak bo\u02bblgan xalq, madaniyati past xalq ustidan hukmronlik qilsa, qoloq xalqning ham madaniyati yuksaladi va aksincha, madaniyati past darajada bo\u02bblgan bosqinchi kuchlar madaniyati yuksak xalq ustidan g\u02bbalaba qilib, unga hukmronlik qila boshlasa, madaniyati yuksak xalqda ham inqiroz ro\u02bby beradi, madaniy taraqqiyot darajasi tushkunlikka yuz tutadi. Bu oddiy haqiqat ko\u02bbchmanchi mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar bosqini va Markaziy Osiyodagi yuksak madaniyat taraqqiyotiga salbiy ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatdi. Mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar 1218 yildan 1391 yilgacha Markaziy Osiyoni o\u02bbz ta\u02bcsiri ostida tutgan. 1391 yili Amir Temur To\u02bbxtamishni yengishi Markaziy Osiyoning mo\u02bbg\u02bbullar ta\u02bcsiridan xalos bo\u02bblishi edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur va temuriylar davridagina fan va madaniyat yana ravnaq topa boshladi. San\u02bcat va adabiyot, fanda mislsiz yuksalish ro\u02bby berdi. Bu davrda Amir Temur, Qozizoda Rumiy, G\u02bbiyosuddin Jamshid, Yoqub Hammor, Mirzo Ulug\u02bbbek, Koshiy, Ali Qushchi, Alisher Navoiy, Kamoliddin Behzod, Sakkokiy, Lutfiy, Jomiy kabi zabardast ilm egalari yetishib chiqadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk sarkarda Amir Temur \u2013 Temur ibn Tarag\u02bbay Barlos Ko\u02bbragoniy 1336 yil 9 aprel kuni Keshda (Shahrisabz) tavallud topgan, 1405 yil 19 fevralda O\u02bbtrorda to\u02bbsatdan vafot (Qozog\u02bbiston) etgan. Sohibqiron o\u02bbz davrida mahv etish mumkin bo\u02bblgan, ya\u02bcni shunga arziydigan hamma yerlarni bosib olgan. g\u02bbarbda Turkiya, janubi-g\u02bbarbda Shom, janubda Hindiston, shimolda Oltin O\u02bbrda, sharqda Mo\u02bbg\u02bbulistongacha zabt etgan. Amir Temurni 1401 yildan bilgan Ibn Arabshoh yozadi: \u201cTemurbek kelishgan, baland bo\u02bbyli, keng peshonali edi. Ovozi jarangdor, kuch va jasoratda benazir, oq yuzini qaynab turgan qoni birmuncha qizartirib turardi. Yelkalari keng, barmoqlari qalin, eti butun va baquvvat edi. Soqoli uzun, nazari mehrli, o\u02bblimi oldidan 80ga yaqinlashib qolgan bo\u02bblsa-da, na dahosini va na jasurligini yo\u02bbqotdi. Yolg\u02bbonning dushmani, hazilni yoqtirmas, har qancha og\u02bbir bo\u02bblmasin haqiqatni tinglashni xush ko\u02bbrardi. Qo\u02bbrqmas jangchilarning do\u02bbsti, muvaffaqiyat va g\u02bbalabalardan hovliqmaydi. Fors, turkiy va mo\u02bbg\u02bbulchani uningchalik biladigan yo\u02bbq edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amir Temur ulkan imperiya tuzish barobarida me\u02bcmorlikka, ilm-fanni rivojlantirishga alohida e\u02bctibor qaratdi. Olimlarni tinglashni yaxshi ko\u02bbrgan. O\u02bbzi ham g\u02bboyat ma\u02bcrifatli inson bo\u02bblib, tarixiy bilimi bilan Ibn Xaldundek olimni hayratlantirgan. Afsonaviy tarixiy sarkardalar haqida jangchilarga so\u02bbzlab berib, ularning shijoatini ko\u02bbtarardi. O\u02bbzi adiblik qilmasa-da, nazm va nasrni yaxshi bilgan, suhbat orasida kerakli joyga kerakli baytni keltirib, ko\u02bbpchilikni lol qoldirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Afsuski, Sohibqironning vafotidan keyin temuriylarning bir-biri bilan urushlari, turli fitnalar saltanatni ichidan yemirdi.\u00a0Temurzodalarning<\/strong>\u00a0barchasi mohir sarkarda bo\u02bblgani bois ularni mutlaq mag\u02bblub qilib bo\u02bblmasdi. Oqibatda bir tomonning kichik g\u02bbalabasi muvaffaqiyat sanalsa-da, aslida imperiyani barbod qiluvchi qadam edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Professor Baxtiyor TO\u02bbRAYEV \u2013 falsafa fanlari doktori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Anvar BOBOYEV<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(3-qism)\u00a0Nishopurdan Samarqandga kelib ta\u02bclim olgan mutafakkir G\u02bbiyosiddin Abulfath Umar ibn Ibrohim Xayyom Nishopuriy (1048-1131) qoraxoniylar qurdirgan oliy madrasada ilm olib, matematik, astronom, faylasuf, shoir va tabib bo\u02bblib yetishgan. U matematika ilmida ko\u02bbplab kashfiyotlar qilgan, hozir Nyuton binomi deb atalgan matematik hisob usulini aynan u kashf qilgan, astronom sifatida 1074 yildan Nishopurdagi observatoriyaga rahbarlik qilgan, insoniyat …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(3-qism)\u00a0Nishopurdan Samarqandga kelib ta\u02bclim olgan mutafakkir G\u02bbiyosiddin Abulfath Umar ibn Ibrohim Xayyom Nishopuriy (1048-1131) qoraxoniylar qurdirgan oliy madrasada ilm olib, matematik, astronom, faylasuf, shoir va tabib bo\u02bblib yetishgan. U matematika ilmida ko\u02bbplab kashfiyotlar qilgan, hozir Nyuton binomi deb atalgan matematik hisob usulini aynan u kashf qilgan, astronom sifatida 1074 yildan Nishopurdagi observatoriyaga rahbarlik qilgan, insoniyat …\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bukharicenter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-15T03:53:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-15T03:54:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/olimlarr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"664\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@www_bukhari_uz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markaz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz\",\"name\":\"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/olimlarr.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-15T03:53:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-15T03:54:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/olimlarr.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/olimlarr.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":664},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/\",\"name\":\"Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\",\"description\":\"bukhari.uz\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/#\/schema\/person\/a478cd03492de0ffa33336a39f0b5b1c\",\"name\":\"Markaz\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18154&lang=oz","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (4-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi","og_description":"(3-qism)\u00a0Nishopurdan Samarqandga kelib ta\u02bclim olgan mutafakkir G\u02bbiyosiddin Abulfath Umar ibn Ibrohim Xayyom Nishopuriy (1048-1131) qoraxoniylar qurdirgan oliy madrasada ilm olib, matematik, astronom, faylasuf, shoir va tabib bo\u02bblib yetishgan. 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