{"id":18071,"date":"2021-10-08T09:21:36","date_gmt":"2021-10-08T04:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18071"},"modified":"2021-10-08T09:21:36","modified_gmt":"2021-10-08T04:21:36","slug":"fan-taraqqiyotida-movarounnahrlik-ulamolarning-o%ca%bbrni-2-qism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18071&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (2-qism)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(1-qism<\/a>)Bu olimlar jahon faniga qanday hissa qo\u02bbshishgan?<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Xorazmiy nol (sifr) raqamini kashf qilib, o\u02bbnlik sanoq sistemasini iste\u02bcmolga kiritdi, insoniyatga algebra fanini, algoritmik tartibot sistemasini in\u02bcom qildi. Bugungi informatsion texnologiya ildizi Al-Xorazmiyning shu kashfiyotiga borib taqaladi. Uning astrolyabiyani ixtiro qilganligi, \u201cAljabr val-muqobala\u201d, \u201cAstronomik jadvallar\u201d, \u201cHind sanoq sistemasi haqidagi risola\u201d, \u201cQuyosh soatlari haqidagi risola\u201d, \u201cMusiqa haqidagi risola\u201d[1]<\/a>\u00a0kabi asarlari dunyoning ko\u02bbplab kutubxonalarida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Farg\u02bboniy. To\u02bbliq ismi Abul Abbos Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kasir al-Farg\u02bboniy (798<\/a>\u2014861<\/a>). Farg\u02bbona vodiysidagi hozirgi So\u02bbxning Kasir qishlog\u02bbida tug\u02bbilgan bo\u02bblib, Yevropada Alfraganus nomi bilan tanilgan, astronomiya fani asoslarini, yulduzlar harakatini o\u02bblchash qoidalarini, xronologik jadvallarni ishlab chiqqan. Uning astronomik yulduzlar jadvali (Ziji) bugungi kungacha o\u02bbz qiymatini yo\u02bbqotmagan. 861 yili Nil daryosining Qohiraga yaqin joyidagi Rauda orolchasida daryo suvi toshishini oldindan ko\u02bbrsatuvchi Miqyosi Nilni bunyod etgan. Bu misrliklarga dehqonchilik madaniyatini rivojlantirishda juda qo\u02bbl kelgan, ekin ekishni to\u02bbg\u02bbri tashkil qilishga yordam bergan, suv solig\u02bbini tartibga solgan, odamlarni ocharchilikdan saqlab qolgan. Uning \u201cAstronomiya asoslari\u201d kitobi Yevropa universitetlarida yangi davrlarda ham darslik sifatida o\u02bbqitilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Xorazmiy va Farg\u02bboniy marvlik matematik va astronom olim Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Xolid ibn Abd ul-Malik al-Marv ar-Ro\u02bbziy yoki al-Marvaziy (IX asr) ismli mutafakkir Yahyo ibn Abu Mansur, Sanad ibn Ali, al-Javhariy singari olimlar bilan Damashq va Bag\u02bbdodda astronomik kuzatish ishlari olib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana bir turkiy matematik va astronom olim Abul-Fazl Abd al-Hamid ibn Vosi ibn Turk al-Xuttaliy (IX asr) ham Al-Xorazmiyning safdoshlaridan bo\u02bblib, u bilan birgalikda algebra fanini yaratishda ishtirok etgan. Al-Xuttaliy Yer meridianining 1 gradusli yoyi uzunligini o\u02bblchashda ham qatnashgan. Uning \u201cArifmetika va sonlarning xususiyatlari haqidagi nodir kitob\u201d, \u201cSavdolashish kitobi\u201d kabi noyob asarlari haqida ma\u02bclumotlar bor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Endi insoniyatning ilohiy va falsafiy fikrlar xazinasini boyitgan mutafakkirlarimiz haqida to\u02bbxtalaylik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Ismoil ibn Ibrohim ibn al-Mug\u02bbiyra ibn Bardazbeh al-Jufiy al-Buxoriy (810\u2013870). Buxoroda tavallud topgan, dunyoga hadisshunos sifatida tanilgan ulug\u02bb mutafakkir olim. U payg\u02bbambarimiz Muhammad(s.a.v)ning tabarruk hadislarini ishonarli manbalardan to\u02bbplabgina qolmay, insoniyatga ma\u02bcnaviy poklanish, axloqiy va ma\u02bcrifiy jihatdan o\u02bbzligini anglash yo\u02bblini ko\u02bbrsatib, bashariyatni axloqiy va ma\u02bcnaviy tanazzuldan saqlab qoldi. Bugungi kunda G\u02bbarb dunyosida axloqiy degradatsiya nihoyatda kuchaya boshlagan bir sharoitda insoniyat uchun uning axloqiy merosi juda muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi mumkin. G\u02bbarbda chegaralanmagan demokratik o\u02bbyinlar ta\u02bcsirida oila instituti yemirilib, oilaviy tarbiya izdan chiqmoqda. Bunday sharoitda G\u02bbarb oilasini faqatgina Imom Buxoriyning \u201cAdab ul-Mufrad\u201d asarida to\u02bbplangan hadislardagi gumanistik g\u02bboyalardan to\u02bbg\u02bbri foydalanish evaziga qutqarib qolishi mumkin. Bu g\u02bboyalarda oilani, uning boshida turgan ota-onaning hamjihatliligi va oila qarshisidagi mas\u02bculiyatigina najot keltirishi mumkin, deb ta\u02bclim beriladi. Haqiqatan ham, g\u02bbarbcha \u201cchegaralanmagan erkinlik\u201d oila mas\u02bculiyatining ham zavolidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Moturidiy (870-944) yirik faylasuf, faqih va kalomshunos olim. U islom dinida e\u02bctiqodni \u201cto\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bblga soluvchi\u201d imom sifatida nom qozongan kalom ta\u02bclimotining yirik namoyandasidir. Olimning \u201cTa\u02bcvilot al-Qur\u02bcon\u201d, \u201cKitob at-Tavhid\u201d, \u201cSharh al-Fiqh al-Akbar\u201d kabi asarlari islomshunoslikda alohida qiymatga ega. Bu asarlarning falsafiy jihati, ularda mantiqiy izchillikning yuksakligi, aql-idrokli insonning o\u02bbz xatti-harakatlariga o\u02bbzi mas\u02bcul ekanligi, bilib turib aqlni ishlatmaslik jinoyat va u jazoga loyiq ekanligi haqidagi g\u02bboyalari e\u02bctiqodni mustahkamlashda odilona yo\u02bbl edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Nosir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarxon ibn Uzlug\u02bb al-Forobiy at-Turkiy (872-950) yirik turkiy mutafakkir, ensiklopedist-olim, yunon falsafasi asoslarini arab tilida izohlab bergan yirik faylasuf, mantiqshunos, musiqashunos, tilshunos, tarixchi, astronom, tabiatshunos bo\u02bblgan. U 80ga yaqin tilni bilgan va ularning barchasida ijod qila olgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab ilm-fanida Aristotelni muallimi avval, ya\u02bcni birinchi muallim deb atashgan bo\u02bblsa, Forobiyni muallimi soniy, ya\u02bcni ikkinchi muallim deb sharaflashgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Forobiyning falsafa tarixi, ijtimoiy falsafa, sotsiologiya, gnoseologiya, ontologiya va mantiqqa oid asarlari bugungi kunda ham o\u02bbz qiymatini yo\u02bbqotmagan. U matematika, astronomiya, musiqa, tibbiyot, tilshunoslik, tarix va ilohiyotga oid asarlar ham yozgan. U Misrda yozgan \u201cFozil insonlar shahri\u201d asarida ijtimoiy falsafaning qonuniyatlari haqida, jamiyat taraqqiyotining qonuniyatlari va harakatlantiruvchi kuchlarini asosli ravishda mantiqiy izchillikda tushuntirib beruvchi fikrlarni ilgari surgan. U umrining oxirlarida yozgan \u201cMusiqa haqidagi katta kitob\u201d asari esa musiqa nazariyasi asoslarini talqin etishga, musiqa ohanglarini simvolik usulda qog\u02bbozga yozish mumkinligiga bag\u02bbishlab bitilgan noyob asardir. Bu uni musiqa notalari kashfiyotchisi, deb aytishga asos bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Qar.: Klassicheskaya nauka Sredney Azii i sovremennaya mirovaya sivilizatsiya. \u2013 T.:Fan, 200. S.4.<\/span><\/div>\n

Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Professor Baxtiyor TO\u02bbRAYEV \u2013 falsafa fanlari doktori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Anvar BOBOYEV<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(1-qism)Bu olimlar jahon faniga qanday hissa qo\u02bbshishgan? Al-Xorazmiy nol (sifr) raqamini kashf qilib, o\u02bbnlik sanoq sistemasini iste\u02bcmolga kiritdi, insoniyatga algebra fanini, algoritmik tartibot sistemasini in\u02bcom qildi. Bugungi informatsion texnologiya ildizi Al-Xorazmiyning shu kashfiyotiga borib taqaladi. Uning astrolyabiyani ixtiro qilganligi, \u201cAljabr val-muqobala\u201d, \u201cAstronomik jadvallar\u201d, \u201cHind sanoq sistemasi haqidagi risola\u201d, \u201cQuyosh soatlari haqidagi risola\u201d, \u201cMusiqa haqidagi risola\u201d[1]\u00a0kabi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (2-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18071&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI (2-qism) - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(1-qism)Bu olimlar jahon faniga qanday hissa qo\u02bbshishgan? Al-Xorazmiy nol (sifr) raqamini kashf qilib, o\u02bbnlik sanoq sistemasini iste\u02bcmolga kiritdi, insoniyatga algebra fanini, algoritmik tartibot sistemasini in\u02bcom qildi. Bugungi informatsion texnologiya ildizi Al-Xorazmiyning shu kashfiyotiga borib taqaladi. 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